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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*bo"k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to dam, plug face="Times New Roman Star"ставить плотину, затычку face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k- 'запрудить'(MK ), bo"ken- 'быть загороженным (дорога)' (At. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ke- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ki 'пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ken 'плотина' (R, Pav. C. 173) face="Times New Roman Star"pu.kak 'пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"pok 'пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k 'затвор, пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|gъw| 'пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"go"- face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ge- face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ki 'пробка' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k-la"- (T) 'запирать, закрывать' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ge- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 324, 326, VEWT 82, 83, ЭСТЯ 2, 208-210, Егоров 146. Clauson prefers the reading with -g-, which is hardly justified. A variant with *-g- (Tur. bu"g|e-, Chuv. p@v@ 'dam', Turkm. bo"ve-, bo"vet 'id.', Yak., Dolg. bu"o" 'plug') may be a result of the influence of *bog- 'to choke, dam' (cf. *bog|- 'dam' in Tuva, Uzb., Kum., Nogh., Oyr., Tat., Bashk.). face="Times New Roman Star"*bokana face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"false ribs face="Times New Roman Star"ложные ребра face="Times New Roman Star"pog|ana face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ono so"o"k face="Times New Roman Star"boqono face="Times New Roman Star"bug|ana (su"jek) face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ana (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 305, Лексика 275. face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.lgyn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 tamarisk, 2 viburnum face="Times New Roman Star"1 тамариск 2 калина face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|una, (dial.) malg|una (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"balxi 'white mulberry' face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (РУС 1956) face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"balxy 'a k. of white mulberry' face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(palan < Tat.), (*polan > Mari polan 2) face="Times New Roman Star"bylax 'white willow; willow branches as fodder' face="Times New Roman Star"balg|yn 1 'a k. of bush similar to z?ylg|yn' face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (Karach.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 338, ЭСТЯ 2, 52, VEWT 59, 324, Дмитр. 189, 201. Turk. > Mong. balg|u, balg|una 'tamarisk'. Forms like balxy may be secondarily modified ('Balkh mulberry'), but in any case not < Iranian. face="Times New Roman Star"*bul- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to find face="Times New Roman Star"находить face="Times New Roman Star"bul- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bul- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"bula- (Pav. C. 174) face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"bul- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 332, VEWT 87, ЭСТЯ 2, 252-253, Stachowski 65. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"cedar, pinus Siberica face="Times New Roman Star"кедр, сибирская сосна face="Times New Roman Star"mo"s?, = dial. (Баск. Туба ) face="Times New Roman Star"bes 'pine', dial. 'larch bast' (ДСЯЯ 1 81) face="Times New Roman Star"po"`s?, (Castr. Krg.) bo"js? face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 71. face="Times New Roman Star"*bol/gu- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to learn 2 to teach, make learn 3 teaching 4 student face="Times New Roman Star"1 учиться 2 учить, наставлять, заставлять выучить 3 наставление 4 ученик, подмастерье face="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|u-n- 1, bos?g|u-t-, bos?g|u-r- 2, bos?g|ut 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|ut 4 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, EDT 379. Derivation from bos?ug| 'allowance, pardon' (EDT ) is hardly plausible. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to join, intertwine, adhere 2 to wind, weave face="Times New Roman Star"1 присоединяться, переплетаться, примыкать 2 плести, ткать face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tu"s?- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ter- 'крутить, свертывать' face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|d@w|r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bitis- 'мириться' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"rgo"s 'деталь ткацкого станка' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309-310. Федотов 1, 427 face="Times New Roman Star"*bora- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 North wind 2 to snow heavily face="Times New Roman Star"1 северный ветер 2 обильно падать (о снеге) face="Times New Roman Star"bora(k) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 80, ЭСТЯ 2, 189-192, Лексика 45. face="Times New Roman Star"*bEkre face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sterlet face="Times New Roman Star"стерлядь face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"bekre (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bekre, bekire (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"bekire face="Times New Roman Star"bikre face="Times New Roman Star"bekire face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 68, ЭСТЯ 2, 108. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)al face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild, rough face="Times New Roman Star"дикий, грубый face="Times New Roman Star"qal (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qal (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"Galdav face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"qal face="Times New Roman Star"xal face="Times New Roman Star"xal-mal face="Times New Roman Star"qaltaq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 614, VEWT 224, ДТС 410. face="Times New Roman Star"*go"pe(ne) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"haystack face="Times New Roman Star"стог сена face="Times New Roman Star"geben face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be face="Times New Roman Star"koba face="Times New Roman Star"xo"pe:n face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be| face="Times New Roman Star"keben face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 15, 80, Федотов 1, 308-309. Turk. > Hung. kepe 'sheaf', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"b- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to pound, hit (laundry) face="Times New Roman Star"бить, выбивать (белье) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"je|- face="Times New Roman Star"kiv- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, Федотов 1, 268, 290. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kog- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to drive, pursue face="Times New Roman Star"гнать, преследовать face="Times New Roman Star"kog|- (since 17th cent.) face="Times New Roman Star"qog|la- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"xog|- face="Times New Roman Star"qog|- face="Times New Roman Star"kuola:- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"palate face="Times New Roman Star"не'бо face="Times New Roman Star"xurg|ax face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, Лексика 230. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAky- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be angry face="Times New Roman Star"сердиться face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (OUygh.), qaqy-g| 'anger' face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-, qaqu- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kaky- face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (AH , Qutb ., Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ЭСТЯ 5, 223-224. Turk. > WMong. qaki-, Kalm. x|a"k@- (KW 176). face="Times New Roman Star"*ged face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"back, after face="Times New Roman Star"сзади, позади face="Times New Roman Star"kedin (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ked|in (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kijin (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kejin face="Times New Roman Star"kejin, ka"jin face="Times New Roman Star"kizi>n face="Times New Roman Star"ka"zin face="Times New Roman Star"kijin face="Times New Roman Star"kaj face="Times New Roman Star"ke-lin; ketex 'back of head' face="Times New Roman Star"ke-lin; ketek 'back of head' face="Times New Roman Star"kijin face="Times New Roman Star"kejin face="Times New Roman Star"kejin face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 704, VEWT 246-247, ЭСТЯ 5, 23-24, Stachowski 144, 146. Forms like Yak. ketex 'back of head' clearly show that the root was *ged-; the monosyllabic *ge- (observable in Yak. ke-lin and perhaps Chuv. kaj) is most probably a result of secondary reinterpretation of the stems *gedin and *geru" (the latter < PA *ke\ro q. v.). It is exactly this reinterpretation that allows to reconstruct *g- in PT *ged- (the root is not attested in Oghuz languages). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kek- / *Kak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 curved 2 stick with a hook 3 latch 4 to bend 5 to bend one's neck face="Times New Roman Star"1 кривой 2 палка с крюком 3 щеколда 4 гнуться 5 выгибать шею face="Times New Roman Star"keke, dial. gege 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ke|kre, ke|jre 1, 2, ke|kre|j- 4, (Sib.) ke|ge| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kekkaj-, qaqqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"kagъr 2, 3, kagъr-t- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ij-, kekej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekej- 4, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kekirej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"kere 1, ka"kera"j- 4, ka"ka"-n|-la"- 'извиваться о змее', qaqaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqaj-, kejkej- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248. face="Times New Roman Star"*da:j- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"uncle face="Times New Roman Star"дядя face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aj 'maternal uncle' (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aj 'maternal uncle' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dajy face="Times New Roman Star"tag|aji 'maternal uncle' (Sangl. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|g|a face="Times New Roman Star"tag|a face="Times New Roman Star"tag|yj face="Times New Roman Star"dajy face="Times New Roman Star"da:jy face="Times New Roman Star"taj, tajy, ta:j face="Times New Roman Star"tajy face="Times New Roman Star"ta:j, taj face="Times New Roman Star"ta:j face="Times New Roman Star"da:j face="Times New Roman Star"taj, tag|a face="Times New Roman Star"tag|a (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"dajy face="Times New Roman Star"dajy face="Times New Roman Star" VEWT 455-456, TMN 3, 196, EDT 474, ЭСТЯ 3, 127-129, Лексика 296. Some forms go back to a suffixed *da:ja-kaj. face="Times New Roman Star"*da:ry- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to touch, fall upon, attack face="Times New Roman Star"дотрагиваться, нападать face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) dary- (14 c.) face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"dary- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"daras?- face="Times New Roman Star"da:ra- face="Times New Roman Star"ta:ryj- face="Times New Roman Star"tary- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 149. Despite VEWT 133, hardly a mongolism (but Kaz., Nogh., KKalp. dary- are probably < Mong. dag|ari-). One should perhaps link also *dAry-n-, *dAry-l- 'to become angry, offended' (ЭСТЯ 3, 161-162 - pass. or medial forms, i.e. *'to be touched, approached'). face="Times New Roman Star"*job- face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overwhelm with kindness 2 collective work face="Times New Roman Star"1 проявить доброту 2 по/мочь face="Times New Roman Star"jov-, jovsa- 1, jo"vtu"r- (caus.) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo:rum 'воспитание' face="Times New Roman Star"jovar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"? d'o":z?o 'имущество' face="Times New Roman Star"sobolon| 'payment for work' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871, 873, 880
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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