Turkic etymology : Query result

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▴ Altaic etymology

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▴ Comments

face="Times New Roman Star"*ser-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 to endure, be patient; to stay immobile, linger 2 to spread

face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть терпеливым; задерживаться, оставаться в одном положении 2 растягивать

face="Times New Roman Star"ser-, seril- 1 (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 1, seril- 'to sway and almost fall down' (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2 (Ettuhf.)

face="Times New Roman Star"sa"r- 2 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"sa"r- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sar- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ser- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 411, EDT 843, 851, ЭСТЯ 7. Some authors express doubt as to the compatibility of OT and modern Turkic forms; it seems, however, that the meanings are unitable within a trans.-intrans. opposition ("spread" - "to be spread > remain".

face="Times New Roman Star"*du"l/-u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"to think, understand

face="Times New Roman Star"думать, понимать

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"-t-le-n-il- (OUygh.), tu"s?u"n- (OUygh. - USp.)

face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?en-

face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n- (Pav. C.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tus?un-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-, c?u"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z?u"-met 'intelligent, reasonable'

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s 'serious, reasonable'

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"sin-

face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"sin-

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?u"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 507, EDT 562, ЭСТЯ 335-336.

face="Times New Roman Star"*sia:l/-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 wild 2 to be astonished 3 to slander

face="Times New Roman Star"1 дикий 2 быть изумленным 3 клеветать

face="Times New Roman Star"sas? 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:s?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?qa- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"s?uldra 'pert'

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 405.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ulu-l/

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"country, city

face="Times New Roman Star"страна, город

face="Times New Roman Star"ulus? (Orkh., OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ulus? (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ulus?

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 152-153, Лексика 317, 494. Turk. > Mong. ulus (see TMN 1, 177, Clark 1980, 41, Щербак 1997, 161), whence again modern Turkm., Oyr. etc. ulus (ЭСТЯ 1, 592).

face="Times New Roman Star"*ku"(b)

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 fame 2 wisdom 3 famous

face="Times New Roman Star"1 слава 2 мудрость

face="Times New Roman Star"ku" (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ku" (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j 'roar'

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"-lu"k 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"g (R)

face="Times New Roman Star"ku" 'roar', ku"lu"k 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ku" 'sound, roar', ku"lu"k 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, ЭСТЯ 5, 128-129, 140-141, TMN 3, 653.

face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 panic and disorder 2 crazy 3 (to act) inimically, cattily 4 annoyance 5 joke 6 to mock

face="Times New Roman Star"1 паника и беспорядок 2 безумный 3 (поступать) назло, злобствовать 4 досада 5 шутка 6 насмехаться

face="Times New Roman Star"qac?ys? 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"kac?yk 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xac?a- 3, xac?ag| 4

face="Times New Roman Star"qaz?|an| 5

face="Times New Roman Star"qac?as? 3 (adj.)

face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yrt- 6

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 593. MK's gloss is analysed as a reciprocal derivative < *Kac?- 'to flee', but this is obviously a folk etymology.

face="Times New Roman Star"*s[y]n|ar ( < *s(i)an-gar)

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"one of a pair, one of two sides

face="Times New Roman Star"один из пары, одна из двух сторон

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar (Orkh., Ouygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"synar

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"sa:r

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar, san|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"syjar

face="Times New Roman Star"an|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"sa:r

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|ar

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 840-841, VEWT 417, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 34.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu"men

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"ten thousand; very much

face="Times New Roman Star"десять тысяч; очень много

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men (Orkh., OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men (MK, KB), (Kypch. 14 cent.) du"men

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men

face="Times New Roman Star"to"me|n

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men (Abush., Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tuman

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"ma"n

face="Times New Roman Star"tu">men (ЯЖУ)

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men (arch.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"ma"n

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"mo"n

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"men, kimen, timen

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 504, EDT 507-508, Лексика 574-575. In general we agree with Doerfer's arguments (TMN 2, 632-642: the Turkic word is the source of Persian tu:ma:n '10000', not vice versa, although in some cases the word was borrowed back into Turkic (in particular: Az. tu"ma"n, Khal. tima"n 'a Persian coin', KBalk., Kum. tu"men '10 roubles'); the Tokharian word, whose IE source is highly dubious, is most probably < Turkic; a Chinese source is extremely dubious). Turk. > Mong. tu"men (see TMN 2, 641, Щербак 1997, 160), whence Evk. tumen etc., see Doerfer MT 78. Weak evidence of initial voice (*d- should be expected in PT) may be due to later cultural interborrowing.

face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 lower side, below 2 (as adj.) being below , lower

face="Times New Roman Star"1 низ, нижняя сторона 2 нижний

face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (Yen. ПМК 90, OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (MK, IM), alt 1 (\X<1.193>Tefs.\x)

face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (dial., ЯБТ 126)

face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 (ЯЖУ 14)

face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ald 1, altyg|y 2; alty 1 {(Баск. Туба)}

face="Times New Roman Star"a[:]lt 1

face="Times New Roman Star"old(ъ) 'gusset'

face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1

face="Times New Roman Star"a'ldy 1

face="Times New Roman Star"aldyn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153)

face="Times New Roman Star"ald(y) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (K)

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *a:l 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but alty 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk alty 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-ty- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *a>l is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alas?a 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -c?ak may be PT *al/(c?)ak (Karakh. as?aq, Turkm. as?a:q etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *a:l/- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-c?ak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alc?aq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alc?ak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alc?ak 'mean, vile', alc?a- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alyg, see under *a:\le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alc?aq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alc?aq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -c?ak from the root al- (which is why -lc?- did not yield -s?- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alc?a-gar, alc?a-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alc?aji- 'to spread legs apart'.

face="Times New Roman Star"*jap-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 to smooth, level 2 flat

face="Times New Roman Star"1 выравнивать, сглаживать 2 плоский

face="Times New Roman Star"japur- (MK) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 (R.)

face="Times New Roman Star"japilaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"japyG 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?y`pyt 2

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|apalaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 16-17, 130, EDT 879.

face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:c?-gak, -mak

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"(outer) corner, angle

face="Times New Roman Star"внешний угол

face="Times New Roman Star"buc?g|aq (MK) 'region of the world, corner'

face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|ak

face="Times New Roman Star"poc?maq

face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|aq (Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|ag|

face="Times New Roman Star"bu:z?|aq 'lower ends of a winebag'

face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|s/mex

face="Times New Roman Star"buz?|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"buc?aq, buc?qaq

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, ЭСТЯ 2, 282-283. Despite EDT 294 and Clark 1980, 38, not derived < *byc?- 'cut' (because of semantic and phonetic - vowel length and vowel quality - differences).

face="Times New Roman Star"*Atyr/

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"watered field, boundary

face="Times New Roman Star"орошаемое поле, межа

face="Times New Roman Star"atyz 'any strip of land between two dikes' (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"etiz

face="Times New Roman Star"atyz

face="Times New Roman Star"adys 'загон 1/18 десятины'

face="Times New Roman Star"adyr 'холмистая местность, увалы'

face="Times New Roman Star"atyz

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, EDT 73. Turk. > Mong. atiz (Щербак 1997, 102). Cf. also *a:tag 'island'.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ebin

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"grain, seed

face="Times New Roman Star"зерно, семя

face="Times New Roman Star"evin (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"evin (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. evin, Anat. efin

face="Times New Roman Star"evin (Qutb)

face="Times New Roman Star"ebin

face="Times New Roman Star"avъn s/ap- 'to flail', avъn karti 'cornfloor' > Mari (Low) av@n, Mari (High) e|n.

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 34, EDT 12, Мудрак Дисс. 82.

face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/ak

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"bulrush, reedmace

face="Times New Roman Star"камыш, рогоз

face="Times New Roman Star"qas?aq (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qas?aq (VEWT), qas?eq 'aftergrass'

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Kulga

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 sprout 2 long branch, shoot

face="Times New Roman Star"1 росток 2 длинная ветка, побег

face="Times New Roman Star"qolg|a 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xulg|a 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qulg|a 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xolъ 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 298, Ашм. XVI, 149.

face="Times New Roman Star"*jElme-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"blade or upper part of sabre

face="Times New Roman Star"лезвие или конец сабли

face="Times New Roman Star"jelme, ja"lman, jalman, jalym

face="Times New Roman Star"jalman (Бор. Бад.)

face="Times New Roman Star"z?alman (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, ЭСТЯ 4, 103-104, Лексика 412 (but relating here jalma 'quilted coat' is dubious).

face="Times New Roman Star"*bAr/

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"stranger, foreign

face="Times New Roman Star"чужак, иностранец

face="Times New Roman Star"baz (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"bazy 'some, someone'

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 388.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ol-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 skilless, talentless, careless 2 simple

face="Times New Roman Star"1 неумелый, небрежный 2 простой

face="Times New Roman Star"ulyn- 'to be bewildered' (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"olmaja 'an expression of warning, bewilderment'

face="Times New Roman Star"olan|aj 2

face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|li-z?ali 1

face="Times New Roman Star"oloj- 'to make a stupid face'

face="Times New Roman Star"olutpaj 'lazy'

face="Times New Roman Star"oldoqson 1, oloq, olog|oj 'one-eyed'

face="Times New Roman Star"olaq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360, ДТС 609 (EDT 149 only quotes OT ulyn- 'to be twisted' which is probably a different root).

face="Times New Roman Star"*Ty:t

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"larch-tree

face="Times New Roman Star"лиственница

face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"tet ag|ac (dial., КСТТ 200)

face="Times New Roman Star"tyt

face="Times New Roman Star"ti:t

face="Times New Roman Star"dyt

face="Times New Roman Star"tyt (Рас. ФиЛ), dyt / tyt

face="Times New Roman Star"tyt 'mulberry tree'

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 479, EDT 449, Stachowski 224. The meaning in Kirgh. is influenced by tut < Iran., see Стеблин-Каменский 1982, 88-89.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu:krag (?)

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"royal sign manual

face="Times New Roman Star"знак царской власти

face="Times New Roman Star"tug|rag| (MK - Oghuz), tug|ra (IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ra

face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ro|

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 496. EDT 471, TMN 3, 342-343. The word may belong here if it is not derived < tu:g 'banner' ( < Chin.).

,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,