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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ju"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shave 2 to tear off, scrape off face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðèòü 2 ñðûâàòü, ñîñêðåáàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ju"li- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jo"le- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l-me- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"su"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hu"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"l-, u"lu"-, ili- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 213, ÝÑÒß 4, 216 (confused with *jol- q. v. sub *n/o>\lo ), Stachowski 115. face="Times New Roman Star"*sen|ek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"jar, mug face="Times New Roman Star"êóâøèí face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ek (MK - Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ek face="Times New Roman Star"senek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 838, VEWT 410. face="Times New Roman Star"*jAp- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to make, create, arrange face="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòü, ñîçäàâàòü, ïðèãîòîâëÿòü face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jap- face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jap- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870-871; ÝÑÒß 4, 126-127, where arguments are given in favour of separating this verb from *jap- 'to cover'. face="Times New Roman Star"*ala-n / *ala-n| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"level ground, plain face="Times New Roman Star"ðàâíèíà face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"alan, dial. ala face="Times New Roman Star"alan face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, a:la face="Times New Roman Star"olúx face="Times New Roman Star"ala:s, aly: face="Times New Roman Star"alyn, aly: face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q, alandy face="Times New Roman Star"alan| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| face="Times New Roman Star"alan| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 147, ÝÑÒß 1, 134-135, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 277, Stachowski 32, 33. Length in the Turkm. variant a:la is not clear. Yak. ala:s > Russ. Siber. ala/s (Àíèêèí 80-81). face="Times New Roman Star"*bEr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 southern, right 2 to the South, to the right face="Times New Roman Star"1 þæíûé, ïðàâûé 2 ê þãó, íàïðàâî face="Times New Roman Star"ber-din 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), beri-je 2, ber-ga"ru" 2 (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 359,364, 370. The forms ber-din (abl.), ber-ije (adv.), ber-geru" (dir.) - from a spatial noun *ber. The usually related beru" 'this side, here' etc. (EDT 355, ÝÑÒß II 124-125) should be rather kept apart. It is unclear morphologically (be:ru" < ber-ru" seems to be a unique development) and may be derived from the demonstrative bu 'this', just like naru, an|aru, onaru 'that side, there' is derived from the demonstrative stem an- 'that' (see Brockelmann 1954 , 134). face="Times New Roman Star"*jal/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to close, hide face="Times New Roman Star"çàêðûâàòü(ñÿ), ïðÿòàòü(ñÿ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas- face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- face="Times New Roman Star"sas- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, ÝÑÒß 4, 160-161. Very widely spread are also the derivatives *jal/yn-, *jal/yr-, see ibid. face="Times New Roman Star"*seb- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"spurge, euphorbia face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëî÷àé face="Times New Roman Star"so"v-dek face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Turkm., but having probable external parallels. face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)an|yr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"stubble-field face="Times New Roman Star"æíèâüå, ñæàòîå ïîëå face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 191-192. face="Times New Roman Star"*jAlky- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to glitter 2 flame, ray face="Times New Roman Star"1 áëåñòåòü, ñèÿòü 2 ïëàìÿ, áëåñê, ëó÷ face="Times New Roman Star"jalkyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jalqy- 1 (dial.), jalqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jalqun 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|lqin 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jalqun 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jalqym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"d/alqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?alqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jalqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, ÝÑÒß 4, 106-107, Ëåêñèêà 357. Usually united with *jal- (v. sub *z?|i_ale ), but seems to have a distinct Altaic origin. face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 upwards 2 to rise 3 hill 4 high face="Times New Roman Star"1 ââåðõ, íàâåðõ 2 ïîäíèìàòüñÿ 3 õîëì 4 âûñîêèé face="Times New Roman Star"ju"geru" (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"kse- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksel- 2, ju"z?|e, (dial.) ju"g, ju"z?|ek, ju"gz?|ek, ju"vz?|ek 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"t- 2 (Houts. ), ju"c?e 4 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"l- 2, uz?|a 4 face="Times New Roman Star"u":sel- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksel- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 915, ÝÑÒß 4, 263-264. The form *ju"geru" is replaced in most modern languages by a back row variant *jokaru, *jokgaru (see ÝÑÒß 4, 213-214); this may be due to a contamination with a synonymous root *jok "up, above" (see ÝÑÒß 4, 215). face="Times New Roman Star"*bul- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 frazil, icy surface face="Times New Roman Star"1 èçìîðîçü 2 íàëåäü face="Times New Roman Star"bulduriq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"buldurc?yn 1, buldura- 'to glitter (of dew, hoar-frost)' face="Times New Roman Star"pulug| 2 (dial., Leb. R) face="Times New Roman Star"bulu:s 'glacier' face="Times New Roman Star"buluq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 38. face="Times New Roman Star"*Komyl/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 become drowsy, dry 2 become lean 3 greedy face="Times New Roman Star"1 âÿíóòü, çàñûõàòü, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ âÿëûì 2 õóäåòü, îñóíóòüñÿ 3 æàäíûé face="Times New Roman Star"qomsyz, dial. qomsyq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|ms?úw|l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xomn/uj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qomxod| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 147-148. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAjyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hill, 2 foot-hill 3 hummock face="Times New Roman Star"1 õîëì 2 ïîäíîæüå ãîðû 3 ïðèãîðîê face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pa:r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"byar 3 face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 'mountain' face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 37-38, VEWT 57. The root should be distinguished from *ba:gyr 'liver' (although there may occur secondary mergers, cf. Tat. bawur 'slope'). It has no relationship (suggested in ÝÑÒß ) to Mong. bajir 'place' (derived from baji- 'to be' and borrowed in Uzb. bajir 'accustomed to local conditions', Kirgh. bajyr 'attachment to a place', Nogh. bajyr 'proper'); intermediate (not quite clear) cases are Chag. bajyr 'plain, desert' (Pav. C. ), Az. bajyr 'the external part of the inhabited area as opposed to the internal part', Khal. bajir 'uncultivated (place)'. face="Times New Roman Star"*simek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"forest, jungle face="Times New Roman Star"ëåñ, ÷àùà face="Times New Roman Star"simek (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 828-829. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.n/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"edge, hem face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êàéìà face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (OUygh.) 'cross-road' face="Times New Roman Star"qajyg| (MK ) 'a place at an angle from the main road' face="Times New Roman Star"xaj face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'steep, precipitous' face="Times New Roman Star"xúju face="Times New Roman Star"kyjÏåê. ) 'road on the edge of a precipice' face="Times New Roman Star"xajy: 'located sideways' face="Times New Roman Star"qajma face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 338. Doubts about the OT word see in EDT 674, 676, Clark 1977 , 146. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåëèâàòüñÿ ÷åðåç êðàé 2 êàíàâà face="Times New Roman Star"qarym ? qaram (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (MK ) 1, qarym (KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (IM ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rym (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qerim 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaral face="Times New Roman Star"qaranty 'thawed spot' face="Times New Roman Star"xara:lc?a 'ice-hole' face="Times New Roman Star"qarym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 643, ÝÑÒß 5, 320. face="Times New Roman Star"*jAl-ky- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 shallow 2 wave face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåëêèé 2 âîëíà face="Times New Roman Star"jalpaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|yg| 1, c?alg|yjaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(?) Cf. also Chag. jalg|in 'Salzsteppe' etc. ( < 'shallow place'?), see VEWT 183. face="Times New Roman Star"*dal-g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wave face="Times New Roman Star"âîëíà face="Times New Roman Star"dalga 2 face="Times New Roman Star"talg|a 'Wellenschlag', talg|um, talqum 'sea waves' face="Times New Roman Star"dalg|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"KW 94, VEWT 458, 487. An Oghuz word. face="Times New Roman Star"*u"gu"r/ (? *o"-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"small river face="Times New Roman Star"ðå÷êà face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"z (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"z (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"Kypch. ochus (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"z face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu"z face="Times New Roman Star"u":s face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 369, EDT 119-120, TMN 2, 156, Ëåêñèêà 90. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tin|(mi) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sound 2 to talk 3 to grumble face="Times New Roman Star"1 çâóê 2 ãîâîðèòü 3 âîð÷àòü face="Times New Roman Star"[tynma 'do not speak' (MK - Oghuz.)] face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 2, Osm. tyn-, dyn- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-syz 'wordless' face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) tyn- 2 (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"din- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"t@mel- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?@n- 2, c?@m-s@r 'wordless' face="Times New Roman Star"tin|ij- 'to produce loud thumping sounds' face="Times New Roman Star"din|mi 'rumble, thunder' face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 86, EDT 514. Clauson regards the Oghuz verb as a metaphor from tyn- 'breathe', which is hardly the case (although some contaminations with this root, as well as with *Tim- 'silent', were possible).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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