face="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 fir
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãâîçäü, êîëûøåê, ÷åêà 2 óãîë 3 penis 4 õâîéíîå äåðåâî
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Ëåêñèêà 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (ÊÑÒÒ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?-(mo|q) 1, s?is? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"is?s?i-(maq) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"siz- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?- 1, s?is? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:s?- 1, c?i:s? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s@s- 1, s@s 2, (Qyz.) c?@z?|@k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?- 1, s?is? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ys?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ys/- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"is- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"is 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y's?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?i- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sis- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?- 1, s?is? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?-, sis- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?is?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 424, EDT 857, ÄÒÑ 524 , Åãîðîâ 341, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 467, Stachowski 128-129. Languages display both assimilations and dissimilations (loss) of the first consonant. Loss of length in Yak., Tuva and Tof. is not quite clear (Turkm. clearly demonstrates a long -i:-); if we take into account the Chuv. reflex (-y- corresponding to Common Turkic i/y), we should perhaps reconstruct a PT form *sy>jl/c?- (see Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 158).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local.
face="Times New Roman Star"sug|a, sag|a (Anatri), polú sog|alú (Viryal) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"hag|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 807-808, ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 220-222, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 68, Àøì. IX, 279, XI, 216. There is some confusion between this root and *san|ak (v. sub *sen|a). Turk. > WMong. sag|ag|, Kalm. sag|@g (KW 308). PT *sakkal 'beard' (full list of reflexes see in ÝÑÒß 7) is a probable derivative ( > MMong. (SH) sag|al, WMong. saqal, Kalm. sax@l, KW 308; > Hung. szaka/l, see Gombocz 1912; Mong. > Evk. sakal etc., see Doerfer MT 100).
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-; syn|- 'to fit into'
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"hi>n|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|-
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 833-834, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 43, ÝÑÒß 7. The Khak., Shor and Tuva forms may have been influenced by *syg- 'to fit into' (v. sub *si>/gu/).
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 237-241, TMN 2, 176, EDT 41, Ëåêñèêà 324-325, Stachowski 122. Some forms (Tur. ys, is, Yak. ic?c?i etc.) go back to a suffixed *ede-si; the Khak. and Shor forms should be explained as a haplology of the same form.
face="Times New Roman Star"eksi-, eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eksu"- 1 (Abush.), o"ksu"-, o"ksu"l- 1 (Pav. C.), o"ksu"k 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gsu"- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"skik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egis-, egsil- 1, egsik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iks@l- 1, j@ksek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksu"- 1, o"ksu"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jisil- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 257-258, Åãîðîâ 77, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 199; EDT 106, 117. The Chuv. Anlaut is not quite clear (iks@l- < *j@ks@l-?; one of the cases with prothetic j-, so the openness / closedness of the vowel in PT remains unknown); Ôåäîòîâ 1, 193 derives Chuv. j@ksik from PT *jek (v. sub *l/a:\k`e\), but this is phonetically impossible.
face="Times New Roman Star"kelegu" 'al-yarbu:' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen|u" (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelemis?, keler, keles
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 249, EDT 718, ÝÑÒß 5, 31, Ëåêñèêà 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Öèâüÿí 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121-122, VEWT 39, TMN 2, 194, ÝÑÒß 1, 339-343, Åãîðîâ 352, Ëåêñèêà 316. The meaning "peace" attested in MK is probably the most archaic (cf. the external parallels; typologically cf. also Slavic *mirú 'peace' > 'world'), suggesting a development *'peace' > 'peaceful people, realm, country'.
face="Times New Roman Star"i:deg 'keeping' ('ïðèñìîòð'), et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"at-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36-37, ÝÑÒß 1, 312-313, Äûáî Äèññ. 56, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative i:deg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.