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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrtyl/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 surface 2 bark, upper layer face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâåðõíîñòü 2 êîðà, âåðõíèé ñëîé face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtys? (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? (Houts. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrtys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 267, EDT 649, Ëåêñèêà 391-392, ÝÑÒß 6, 241-242. Cf. also forms reflecting *Kyryl/: Yak. kyrys 'thin layer under skin', Tur. kyrys? 'wrinkled', Az. Gyrys? 'wrinkle' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 242), as well as *Kyrc?a(n|) 'scab' (see ibid., 244-245). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kys- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 short 2 narrow 3 to squeeze face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîòêèé 2 óçêèé 3 ñäàâëèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qysg|a (Orkh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys- 3 (MK , KB ), qysyg| 2 (MK ), qysqa 1 (KB ), qysg|a 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kysa 1, kys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 (Abush. ), qys- (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qisqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa, qysGa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"GysGa 1, Gys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xysxa 1, xys- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@k 2, x@s- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"kyhaj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyhalga 'straits, sorrow' ( = Yak. kyhalga) face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1, qy's- 4, qyzy: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qy'sqa 1, qy's- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysxa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qsyqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysGa 1 face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kys-ga 'short' is derived from PT *Kys- 'to press, squeeze'. See VEWT 267, EDT 665-7, ÝÑÒß 6, 251-253, Stachowski 167. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kysyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 barren (cow) 2 barren mare face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿëîâàÿ (êîðîâà) 2 ÿëîâàÿ êîáûëà face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysraq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kysyr 1, kysrak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr (Pav. C. ) 1, qysyraq 2 (Houts. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, GysraG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, Gysraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyr 1, xyzyrax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@r 1, k@sre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kytara:- 'ñòàòü ñòàðîäîéíîþ, ÿëîâåòü' face="Times New Roman Star"kytarak 'barren' face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1, qyzyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyt|yr 1, qyt|yraq (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. ki:sr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von ku":sr < ke'u"-ser"); > Mong. qusuran| / kisuran| 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyt face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"not enough, insufficient face="Times New Roman Star"íåäîñòàòî÷íûé, ñêóäíûé face="Times New Roman Star"kyt; kytlyk 'Ungenu"gendheit, Hungersnot' face="Times New Roman Star"qyt (AH , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qitig|ir 'miserly' face="Times New Roman Star"Gyt face="Times New Roman Star"Gyt face="Times New Roman Star"qytyj 'miserly' face="Times New Roman Star"x@d@x 'compulsion' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| 'oppressed' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyq 'dwarf', qytyj- 'secretive', qytyraj- 'lean and small' face="Times New Roman Star"qytyqtan- 'to be offended' face="Times New Roman Star"qyt face="Times New Roman Star"qytlyq 'hunger' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyt face="Times New Roman Star"qyt face="Times New Roman Star"qyt face="Times New Roman Star"qyt face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 252. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"êðèòèêîâàòü, çëîáñòâîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?yk, *gi:c?i- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 itching, tickling 2 to tickle face="Times New Roman Star"1 çóä, ùåêîòêà 2 ùåêîòàòü face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i-, qyc?y-la- (v.) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik- 2, giz?|ik, gyz?|yk 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kec?e- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gi:z?|i 1, Gyz?|yq 1, gi:z?|e- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"w 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, 269, ÝÑÒß 3, 42-43, 6, 186-187, TMN 3, 567, EDT 591, 695. The back row variant is interacting with PT *Kyc?- 'to scrape, itch' q. v. sub *k`i_u\c?u\ . face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB ) 1, qyna- 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush. , Áîð. Áàä. , MA ), qyn (Pav. C. ), qyna- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|) face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà ) qyj- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache' face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912 ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:l/-gun face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"eatable grass face="Times New Roman Star"êîðìîâàÿ òðàâà face="Times New Roman Star"qys?g|un (MK ) 'ñâåæèé òðîñòíèê, êîòîðûé åñò ñêîò' face="Times New Roman Star"qys?qyn 'ïûðåé' face="Times New Roman Star"x@lg|en 'êèïðåé' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s ot 'êîíñêèé ùàâåëü' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 672. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbard face="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjn face="Times New Roman Star"qin face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@ face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"red face="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíûé face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qizil face="Times New Roman Star"qizil face="Times New Roman Star"qizil face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"x@rl@ face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyl face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyzil face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyl face="Times New Roman Star"PT *Kyr/-yl 'red' is derived from *Ky:r/- 'to redden; glow' (Turkm. Gyz-, Tur. kyz- etc.), where length is witnessed by Yak. ky:s-. One has to assume shortening in polysyllabic derivatives (besides *Kyr/yl also *Kyr/-yk-, *Kyr/l-ar-), with secondary analogical shortening in Turkm. Gyz-; see VEWT 269, EDT 681, 683-4, TMN 3, 469, Ëåêñèêà 602-603, ÝÑÒß 6, 187-189, 194-196, Stachowski 167. Cf. also *Ky:r 'grey' (VEWT 265, TMN 3, 567, ÝÑÒß 6, 229-230). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 girl 2 woman face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåâóøêà 2 æåíùèíà face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Pav. C. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r 1, x@r-(arúm) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyd| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Ëåêñèêà 295, 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *ky:r//*ky:r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Ky:r-kyn, see Ëåêñèêà 317-318, ÝÑÒß 6, 237, *Kyr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ÝÑÒß 6, 240). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:tyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to walk, go round face="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, îáõîäèòü âîêðóã face="Times New Roman Star"kydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qidir- face="Times New Roman Star"Gydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"kytygyras 'ïðîâîðíûé, áûñòðûé, ðåçâûé (î çâåðå), ñêîðîõîä' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-; qydyn| 'ñåìåíÿùèé ïðè áåãå (î æèâ.)' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 185. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to put face="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü face="Times New Roman Star"ko- face="Times New Roman Star"qo- (Pav. C. , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"xyv-, xu- face="Times New Roman Star"qo- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-29. The root seems archaic, but in most languages (beginning with OT) was substituted by the synonymous *Kod- (v. sub *k`o>da ), being preserved only in Chag., Osm. and Chuv. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kob- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to slander 2 conjuration, exorcism face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëåâåòàòü 2 çàêëèíàíèå face="Times New Roman Star"qovla- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qovuz, qovuc? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kovu, kovy (dial.) 'slander' face="Times New Roman Star"qov 'slander' (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"xobula:- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 17-18, EDT 584, Clark 1977 , 147. Turk. > WMong. qob 'gossip' (KW 181), whence again Oyr. qop etc. (VEWT 281). Despite EDT 584, hardly connected with *Kob- 'to chase' (v. sub *go>\be\ ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kob- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to follow, chase face="Times New Roman Star"ïðåñëåäîâàòü, ãíàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kov- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qov- (AH ), qaw- (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaw- (dial.), quw- face="Times New Roman Star"Gov- face="Times New Roman Star"qov- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- face="Times New Roman Star"xu-, xúv- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:-, qubala- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qyw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"qu:- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"quw- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobdug| 'greedy', see Clark 1977 , 147. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kobga face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pail, bucket face="Times New Roman Star"âåäðî face="Times New Roman Star"qovg|a (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qova (MK Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"kova, kog|a face="Times New Roman Star"qova (AH ), qopqa (Pav. C. , Áîð. Áàä. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qawg|a (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gova face="Times New Roman Star"Gova face="Times New Roman Star"xuva face="Times New Roman Star"qawg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qawg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qova, qopqa face="Times New Roman Star"qawg|a, g|awg|a face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 583-584, ÝÑÒß 6, 12-13. Turk. > Mong. qobug|a 'bucket, trough'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kobu-k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"empty, hollow face="Times New Roman Star"ïóñòîé, ïîëûé face="Times New Roman Star"qovy (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qovy, qovuq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kovuk, gavyk (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qovuq (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"quaq (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Govaq, Govuq, Govalc?, Govuz face="Times New Roman Star"xax face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, TMN 3, 415, ÝÑÒß 6, 5-6. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kobul/, *Kobul/a- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sharpened (arrow) 2 to sharpen, plane face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàîñòðåííàÿ (ñòðåëà) 2 òî÷èòü, ñòðîãàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qovus?a- (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qovs?a- (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"(Osmanli) qovus?, qog|us? (XVI c.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 613-614. face="Times New Roman Star"*Koc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"ram face="Times New Roman Star"áàðàí face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar, qoc?un|ar (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?n|ar (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koc?, koc?kar face="Times New Roman Star"quc?qar (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|c? (dial.), qo.c?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qa(r), qos?qa(r) face="Times New Roman Star"quz?g|ar face="Times New Roman Star"Goc? face="Times New Roman Star"Goc?, Goc?Gar face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qor face="Times New Roman Star"Goc? face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qor face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qus?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qocxar face="Times New Roman Star"qoc? face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?, qoc?qar, qoc?xar face="Times New Roman Star"g|os?, qos?qar face="Times New Roman Star"qos?qor, qos?qur face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?qar face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ÝÑÒß 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912 ; Russ. dial. koc?ko/r, koc?ka/r/, see Àíèêèí 308, 309. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to put, leave, abandon face="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü, îñòàâëÿòü, ïîêèäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qod- (Yen., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qod|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"koj- face="Times New Roman Star"quj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- (AH , Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo.j- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"quz- face="Times New Roman Star"Goj- face="Times New Roman Star"Goj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"xor- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"quj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-28, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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