face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 471, EDT 491. Turk. > NPers., Kurd., Osset. tel etc. Bailey 129 cites Saka tti:la 'thread, wire' and considers it the source of Turkic forms, tracing it back to *tart|rya - cf. Pers. ta:r < *tart|ra. However there are no direct Iranian parallels for the Saka form (cf. Аб. 3, 288, maintaining that the Osset. and Kurd. form do not go back to Proto-Iranian but are borrowed from neighbouring languages); so the word may well be a Turkism in Saka and other Iranian languages. The Turkic origin is also corroborated by the Chuv. parallel.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 493. Clauson considers the form top (rare in OUygh.) to be contracted < tolp < tolup < tol- 'to be full', which is quite dubious phonetically.
face="Times New Roman Star"top (MK, IM), topyq (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"tup
face="Times New Roman Star"top, tofuq (Sangl.); (MKypch.) topurc?aq 'round' (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"to.p
face="Times New Roman Star"top, dop
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"tuop
face="Times New Roman Star"tubъ
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top, dop
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"tup
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"top
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 434, 437, TMN 2, 596-597, Егоров 258, Ашм. XIV, 143-144, Федотов 2, 249. One should also note OT tevir- 'to twist, turn' - probably a contamination of *top and *ebu"r- (OT evir-) id. (see EDT 443). Words meaning 'cone' reflect a partial contamination with PT *Tobur- 'cone' (v. sub *t`obu/).
face="Times New Roman Star"tor (Abush., Sangl.) 'net, hair net'
face="Times New Roman Star"to.r
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tu:%r
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tur
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"tor
face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, No 954, EDT 528, Лексика 419-420. The relationship to *dur/ak 'trap' (ЭСТЯ 3, 289-290, Лексика 420-421) is not quite clear.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?g|a 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) c?oc?qa (Houts.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uz?|uq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?Ga 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:z?|uq 1 (cf. colloq. c?o:c?a 'camel')
face="Times New Roman Star"sosxa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sosqa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?xa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?oc?qa 3, c?oc?uq jatag|y 'afterbirth'; (T) c?oc?xa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam".
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bone 2 spongy bone 3 cartilage
face="Times New Roman Star"1 кость 2 губчатая кость 3 хрящ
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"k (MA) 3, ko"mu"k (Pav. C.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko|mik, ge|mik (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ke:mik 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kimek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kemyk 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kemik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"gemik 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 722, ЭСТЯ 5, 36-38, Лексика 261-262. Turk. > Mong. kemik 'cartilage' (see Щербак 1997, 126; but the derivation of the Turk. form from *gemu"r- 'to gnaw' (v. sub *ke>\ma) is a folk etymology, although some contaminations were possible: Yak. ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' semantically continues *kemu"k, but formally is derived from *gemu"r-. MK has kemdi- 'to cut meat from the bones' and kemdu"k 'bone with meat cut off' - forms that may be related both to *kemu"k and *gemu"r-.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937-8. Historically the root should be probably kept distinct from *jum- 'round' and *jumurtka 'egg' - although internal contaminations were of course inevitable.
face="Times New Roman Star"qajry 1, dial. qajyz 1; qajyzla- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|o|q 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qazdyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xastyryx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xujъr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qatyryk 1; xasta:- 'to skin'
face="Times New Roman Star"kasta:- 'to skin'
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyryq 2, qazy- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qa's- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajry, dial. qajyd| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyzg|aq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, 243, EDT 608, 665, ЭСТЯ 5, 211-212, 328, Федотов 2, 352, Лексика 107. The original form here is *Kar/; a suffixed form was *Kar/dy(r/), later simplified to *Kadyr/. This can be clearly seen from forms like SUygh. and Khak. Another possible explanation could be an early dissimilation (*Kar/-yr/ > *Kadyr/ = *Kad|yr/, or already after the zetacism, *Kazyz > *Kad|yz). There is some confusion between *Kar/ and *Kas, *Kasuk in Old Turkic, but MK definitely spells the word as qaz.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дым 2 копоть, сажа 3 запах, аромат 4 испарения
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ЭСТЯ 1, 379-382, Лексика 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran
face="Times New Roman Star"1 кора 2 скорлупа 3 шелуха 4 отруби, мякина
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq 4 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq, qavuq (MK, KB) 4
face="Times New Roman Star"kavuz 3, kavza 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vuz 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qovzaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gavyz (dial.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyvъx 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:-tara: 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles'
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"quvyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 583, ЭСТЯ 5, 173-174, 178-179, Мудрак Дисс. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i_a:\bu).
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"g, ju"v (dial.), Osm. ju"g
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, Лексика 150. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 211b) confuses this root with *jun| 'wool', but they are certainly unrelated (although may tend to contaminate).
