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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:m- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to throw, strike down 2 to move, walk face="Times New Roman Star"1 кидать 2 двигаться, ходить face="Times New Roman Star"qam- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MN) face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|m- 'махать, замахиваться' face="Times New Roman Star"xa:mp- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka:m- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, EDT 625; Stachowski 142. The connection of OT qam- and Yak. qa:mp- is rather problematic, but possible (we are not aware of other etymologies). For the Yak. word cf. perhaps Bur. xamby 'packtrain, caravan'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"ru"n| (*o"ru"n|) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 white 2 dawn face="Times New Roman Star"1 белый 2 рассвет face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n 'milk, yoghurt' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| (Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"hirin, hu"ru"n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1, o"ru"o"s, u"ru"o"s 'белая кайма на морде' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| baran| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 233-4, Лексика 601, Stachowski 253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dil/i face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 woman face="Times New Roman Star"1 самка 2 женщина face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (Abush. , Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tese 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"t@z@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"diz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i, tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 560-561, ЭСТЯ 3, 244-245, Лексика 315, Stachowski 237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u":r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fat face="Times New Roman Star"жир face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (AH ), o"z 'clinging mud' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"u"s face="Times New Roman Star"jor-var 'скоромная пища' face="Times New Roman Star"u"ska"l face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat' face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 278-279, VEWT 523, Мудрак Дисс. 154, Федотов 2, 491, Лексика 454-455. Chuv. va- points to a long *u":-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*oruk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 road 2 path face="Times New Roman Star"1 дорога 2 тропа face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (MK , Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"org|ax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"orox 2 face="Times New Roman Star"orok 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, Stachowski 196. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 364; similarly in Лексика 531-532, ЭСТЯ 4, 218) derives this word from *or- 'to dig', which is rather dubious semantically.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kel/c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 belt 2 back, spine face="Times New Roman Star"1 пояс, ремень 2 спина, хребет face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kes? ? kis? (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaz/an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kes?ene 'girdle' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ЭСТЯ 5, 60-61. Sak. ka"s?a- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kas?a 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. ki:s?en 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kil/e-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`i\l/a , and *kel/c? 'belt').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/u"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a relation by marriage face="Times New Roman Star"свойственник, родственник по браку face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s?u"k (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 380-381.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KApur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rib face="Times New Roman Star"ребро face="Times New Roman Star"qabar (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kabur (dial.) 'a piece of tin or leather for fixing cracks' face="Times New Roman Star"qe|byz (dial.) 'armpit' face="Times New Roman Star"GapyrGa face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 275-276. Щербак (1997 , 207) regards the word as a Mong. loanword, which is hardly the case (although numerous forms like Chag. qaburg|a etc. may indeed have a Mong. origin, see TMN 1, 392).
face="Times New Roman Star"*baldyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beginning of the spring season, lambing season face="Times New Roman Star"начало весеннего сезона, сезона рождения ягнят face="Times New Roman Star"baldyr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"baldi(r) (dial.: УДС 23) 'last year' face="Times New Roman Star"The root tends to mix with *byldur 'last year', but is explicitly distinguished by MK (as baldyr vs. byldyr).
face="Times New Roman Star"*tom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell face="Times New Roman Star"1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться face="Times New Roman Star"tomak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to.mto|q 'stump, blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"tombul 4, dombalaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomyr, tombyr 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|mat 'stubby' face="Times New Roman Star"tomtorg|o 'ring-formed ornament' face="Times New Roman Star"tompoq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomraj- (dial.) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tombarlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tombyx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fresh, raw face="Times New Roman Star"свежий, сырой face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (AH , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? face="Times New Roman Star"c?as face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as? face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? face="Times New Roman Star"z?as face="Times New Roman Star"jas face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s? face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"jas? face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163, EDT 975-976, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots). Within Turkic interacts actively (in fact almost completely merges with *ja:l/ 'green' and *ja:l/ 'young' - but all three roots, and, additionally, *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age' - seem to have different Altaic origins.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kop face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all face="Times New Roman Star"весь face="Times New Roman Star"qop (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qop (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 579.
face="Times New Roman Star"*el/i face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lady, beg's consort face="Times New Roman Star"титул жены бега face="Times New Roman Star"i/es?i (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"i/es?i (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"See EDT 256, TMN 2, 182-183. The word is borrowed in Mong.: MMong. esi (HY ), WMong. esi 'empress', Kalm. is? 'mother' (KW 210), Ordos is?i Gatu 'nom d'un sanctuaire, es?i qatun' (DO 389), see Clark 1980 , 41.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 thin 2 short face="Times New Roman Star"1 тонкий 2 короткий face="Times New Roman Star"xylbys face="Times New Roman Star"qylbyq, qylbys 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@ld@rke 'худой, хилый, тонкий' face="Times New Roman Star"kylgas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kylgas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qylmyj- face="Times New Roman Star"qylmyj- face="Times New Roman Star"On the rare reflexes of this root see VEWT 263, Stachowski 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kad face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wind, whirlwind face="Times New Roman Star"ветер, вихрь face="Times New Roman Star"qad| (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kaj 'rainy weather' face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (AH , Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gaj face="Times New Roman Star"xas face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 'to be cold in spring' face="Times New Roman Star"xat, xady- 'to be frozen', face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 'to be frozen' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 593, ЭСТЯ 5, 193-194, Лексика 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*To:r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become lean, hungry 2 lean, hungry face="Times New Roman Star"1 отощать, проголодаться 2 тощий, голодный face="Times New Roman Star"turuq 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu:r- (o:?) 1 (MK ), turuq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"turg|un 'fatigue/' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"toryg| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tor 2 face="Times New Roman Star"toryn- (Верб. - Tel.) face="Times New Roman Star"tuor- 1, tuor 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dor- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toruq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"toryq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torma 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 530, 539, Clark 1977 , 157.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 better 2 upper part, surface face="Times New Roman Star"1 лучше, лучший 2 верх, поверхность face="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jeg|, jej 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jik 1 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jeg (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s/i, s/ije 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 909-910, VEWT 194, ЭСТЯ 4, 165-166, TMN 4, 184-185, Федотов 2, 115-116.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"not (prohibitive particle) face="Times New Roman Star"не (запретительная частица) face="Times New Roman Star"an face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 26-27, Федотов 1, 43-45. An isolated Chuv. form, but probably archaic (cf. the external evidence). Cf. also Karakh. (MK Oghuz) an| 'an exclamation meaning "no"' (see EDT 165) - but it is a hapax, occurs only within a reduplication an| an|, does not regularly correspond to Chuv. an and may be just onomatopoeic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*buc?-uk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"half face="Times New Roman Star"половина face="Times New Roman Star"byc?uq (MK , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uk face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uq (Sangl. , MKypch. - AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, EDT 294, ЭСТЯ 2, 283-284. Usually regarded as derived from *byc?- 'to cut', which is dubious in the light of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eme face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 old woman face="Times New Roman Star"1 самка 2 старуха face="Times New Roman Star"oma (MK "Tibetan") 1 (?) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. a"ma" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ama 1 face="Times New Roman Star"eme 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 42, ЭСТЯ 220, Егоров 25, EDT 156 (a "nursery" word, spread also in other Altaic languages).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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