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\data\alt\turcet
 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to throw, strike down 2 to move, walkface="Times New Roman Star"1 кидать 2 двигаться, ходитьface="Times New Roman Star"qam- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MN)








face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|m- 'махать, замахиваться'face="Times New Roman Star"xa:mp- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ka:m- 2











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, EDT 625; Stachowski 142. The connection of OT qam- and Yak. qa:mp- is rather problematic, but possible (we are not aware of other etymologies). For the Yak. word cf. perhaps Bur. xamby 'packtrain, caravan'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"ru"n| (*o"ru"n|)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 white 2 dawnface="Times New Roman Star"1 белый 2 рассветface="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n 'milk, yoghurt'
face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| (Sangl.) 1







face="Times New Roman Star"hirin, hu"ru"n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1, o"ru"o"s, u"ru"o"s 'белая кайма на морде'face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| 1

face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"n| baran| 2








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 233-4, Лексика 601, Stachowski 253.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dil/iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 womanface="Times New Roman Star"1 самка 2 женщинаface="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (Abush., Sangl.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"tese 1face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1
face="Times New Roman Star"t@z@ 1face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2face="Times New Roman Star"diz?i 1




face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i, tis?i 1

face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 560-561, ЭСТЯ 3, 244-245, Лексика 315, Stachowski 237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u":r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fatface="Times New Roman Star"жир
face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"u"z (AH), o"z 'clinging mud' (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"u"sface="Times New Roman Star"u"sface="Times New Roman Star"u"s
face="Times New Roman Star"jor-var 'скоромная пища'face="Times New Roman Star"u"ska"l
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat'face="Times New Roman Star"u"s 'liquid fat'









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 278-279, VEWT 523, Мудрак Дисс. 154, Федотов 2, 491, Лексика 454-455. Chuv. va- points to a long *u":-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*orukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 road 2 pathface="Times New Roman Star"1 дорога 2 тропаface="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1 (MK, Tefs.)







face="Times New Roman Star"org|ax 2



face="Times New Roman Star"orox 2face="Times New Roman Star"orok 2face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1face="Times New Roman Star"oruq 1









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 215, Stachowski 196. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 364; similarly in Лексика 531-532, ЭСТЯ 4, 218) derives this word from *or- 'to dig', which is rather dubious semantically.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kel/c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 belt 2 back, spineface="Times New Roman Star"1 пояс, ремень 2 спина, хребетface="Times New Roman Star"kes? (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kes? ? kis? (MK) 1











face="Times New Roman Star"kaz/an 2



face="Times New Roman Star"kes?ene 'girdle'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ЭСТЯ 5, 60-61. Sak. ka"s?a- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kas?a 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. ki:s?en 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kil/e-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`i\l/a, and *kel/c? 'belt').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/u"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a relation by marriageface="Times New Roman Star"свойственник, родственник по бракуface="Times New Roman Star"bo"s?u"k (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 380-381.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KApur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ribface="Times New Roman Star"реброface="Times New Roman Star"qabar (Ettuhf.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kabur (dial.) 'a piece of tin or leather for fixing cracks'

face="Times New Roman Star"qe|byz (dial.) 'armpit'


face="Times New Roman Star"GapyrGa


















face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 275-276. Щербак (1997, 207) regards the word as a Mong. loanword, which is hardly the case (although numerous forms like Chag. qaburg|a etc. may indeed have a Mong. origin, see TMN 1, 392).
face="Times New Roman Star"*baldyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"beginning of the spring season, lambing seasonface="Times New Roman Star"начало весеннего сезона, сезона рождения ягнят
face="Times New Roman Star"baldyr (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"baldi(r) (dial.: УДС 23) 'last year'





















face="Times New Roman Star"The root tends to mix with *byldur 'last year', but is explicitly distinguished by MK (as baldyr vs. byldyr).
face="Times New Roman Star"*tom-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swellface="Times New Roman Star"1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться

face="Times New Roman Star"tomak 2

face="Times New Roman Star"to.mto|q 'stump, blunt'

face="Times New Roman Star"tombul 4, dombalaG 3face="Times New Roman Star"tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tomyr, tombyr 'blunt'


face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|mat 'stubby'face="Times New Roman Star"tomtorg|o 'ring-formed ornament'


face="Times New Roman Star"tompoq 1face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"tomraj- (dial.) 5face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"tombarlaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tombyx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ)face="Times New Roman Star"tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fresh, rawface="Times New Roman Star"свежий, сыройface="Times New Roman Star"jas? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jas?
face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (AH, Ettuhf.)


face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?face="Times New Roman Star"c?as
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as?



face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jasface="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?


face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 161-163, EDT 975-976, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots). Within Turkic interacts actively (in fact almost completely merges with *ja:l/ 'green' and *ja:l/ 'young' - but all three roots, and, additionally, *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age' - seem to have different Altaic origins.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kopface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"allface="Times New Roman Star"весьface="Times New Roman Star"qop (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qop (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 579.
face="Times New Roman Star"*el/iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lady, beg's consortface="Times New Roman Star"титул жены бегаface="Times New Roman Star"i/es?i (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"i/es?i (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"See EDT 256, TMN 2, 182-183. The word is borrowed in Mong.: MMong. esi (HY), WMong. esi 'empress', Kalm. is? 'mother' (KW 210), Ordos is?i Gatu 'nom d'un sanctuaire, es?i qatun' (DO 389), see Clark 1980, 41.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 thin 2 shortface="Times New Roman Star"1 тонкий 2 короткий









face="Times New Roman Star"xylbys
face="Times New Roman Star"qylbyq, qylbys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@ld@rke 'худой, хилый, тонкий'face="Times New Roman Star"kylgas 2face="Times New Roman Star"kylgas 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qylmyj-face="Times New Roman Star"qylmyj-







face="Times New Roman Star"On the rare reflexes of this root see VEWT 263, Stachowski 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wind, whirlwindface="Times New Roman Star"ветер, вихрь
face="Times New Roman Star"qad| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kaj 'rainy weather'
face="Times New Roman Star"qaj (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)



face="Times New Roman Star"Gajface="Times New Roman Star"xas



face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 'to be cold in spring'
face="Times New Roman Star"xat, xady- 'to be frozen',face="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 'to be frozen'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 593, ЭСТЯ 5, 193-194, Лексика 46. Borrowing < Sam. *kacu 'whirlwind' is hardly credible, despite Helimski 1995.
face="Times New Roman Star"*To:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to become lean, hungry 2 lean, hungryface="Times New Roman Star"1 отощать, проголодаться 2 тощий, голодныйface="Times New Roman Star"turuq 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tu:r- (o:?) 1 (MK), turuq 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"turg|un 'fatigue/' (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"toryg| 2face="Times New Roman Star"tor 2



face="Times New Roman Star"toryn- (Верб. - Tel.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tuor- 1, tuor 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dor- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"toruq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"toryq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"torma 2 (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 530, 539, Clark 1977, 157.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 better 2 upper part, surfaceface="Times New Roman Star"1 лучше, лучший 2 верх, поверхностьface="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jeg|, jej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jik 1 (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"jeg (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jeg 1



face="Times New Roman Star"s/i, s/ije 2













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 909-910, VEWT 194, ЭСТЯ 4, 165-166, TMN 4, 184-185, Федотов 2, 115-116.
face="Times New Roman Star"*enface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"not (prohibitive particle)face="Times New Roman Star"не (запретительная частица)













face="Times New Roman Star"an













face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 26-27, Федотов 1, 43-45. An isolated Chuv. form, but probably archaic (cf. the external evidence). Cf. also Karakh. (MK Oghuz) an| 'an exclamation meaning "no"' (see EDT 165) - but it is a hapax, occurs only within a reduplication an| an|, does not regularly correspond to Chuv. an and may be just onomatopoeic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*buc?-ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"halfface="Times New Roman Star"половина
face="Times New Roman Star"byc?uq (MK, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uk
face="Times New Roman Star"buc?uq (Sangl., MKypch. - AH)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 85, EDT 294, ЭСТЯ 2, 283-284. Usually regarded as derived from *byc?- 'to cut', which is dubious in the light of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*emeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 old womanface="Times New Roman Star"1 самка 2 старуха
face="Times New Roman Star"oma (MK "Tibetan") 1 (?)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eme 2




face="Times New Roman Star"dial. a"ma" 2




face="Times New Roman Star"ama 1



face="Times New Roman Star"eme 2








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 42, ЭСТЯ 220, Егоров 25, EDT 156 (a "nursery" word, spread also in other Altaic languages).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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