| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"four | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åòûðå | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r)t | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt, tu"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rd | face="Times New Roman Star"do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"túw|vadú | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"{do"rt} | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 534, VEWT 495, ÝÑÒß 3, 284-286, Stachowski 235. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ba:j | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 rich, noble 2 many, numerous | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áîãàòûé, çíàòíûé 2 ìíîãî, ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1, bajtaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo|j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"pa"j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ba:j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"paj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1, bajtaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pojan 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ba:j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ba:j, ba:jdak, ba:jdyk 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"baj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 384, VEWT 56, TMN 2, 259, ÝÑÒß 2, 27-29, 36, Ëåêñèêà 304, 332, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 440, Stachowski 55, 56. Turk. > Mong. bajan 'rich' (KW 29, Ùåðáàê 1997, 103), whence Evk. bajan etc. (TMN ibid., Doerfer MT 37). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:g-, *ia:g-na- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to roll over, fall over 2 to climb over 3 to tumble 4 to turn over, capsize, let fall | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàäàòü, îïðîêèäûâàòüñÿ, ñâåøèâàòüñÿ 2 ïåðåëåçàòü 3 âàëÿòüñÿ, ïåðåêàòûâàòüñÿ 4 ðîíÿòü, îïðîêèäûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1, ag|dyr- 2, ag|yn- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|- 1, o|g|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yna- 3 (ßÆÓ 11) | face="Times New Roman Star"ag|na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 1, 2, a:g|-dar- 4, a:g|yna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dar- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-tar- 4, an|-da- (<*an|-na-) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:g|a, ho|:g|a 'back, in the back' | face="Times New Roman Star"júw|van- 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:n|-na- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an|da-r- 4, an|da-s?- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o:- 1, o:na- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw-dar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, av-dar- 4, avna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, awdar- 4, awna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, aw-la- 'to skim', awdar- 4, awna- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"avdar- 4, av-g|a-la-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"aw- 1, 2, awdar- 4, awna- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"av- 1, avdar- 4, av-la-n- 'to turn over, incline', avna- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 86-87, VEWT 7, ÝÑÒß 1, 69-70, 73-76. Forms like an|-dar- are not quite clear - caus. from the refl. *ia:g-yn- ? (but the refl. form is here not *ia:g-yn- but rather *ia:g-na-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*eg- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bend | face="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòü | face="Times New Roman Star"eg- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"eg- (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"eg- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"a"j-, a"jri | face="Times New Roman Star"av-, aj- | face="Times New Roman Star"iex- | face="Times New Roman Star"iek- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, VEWT 37, ÝÑÒß 1, 330-332, Åãîðîâ 19, Stachowski 122 (Yak. iex- < *eg-ik-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slope | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðû | face="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day' | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to go astray, lose one's way 2 to lose mind, go mad 3 to miss | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñáèâàòüñÿ ñ ïóòè 2 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà 3 óïóñêàòü, ïðîìàõèâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- (Sangl., Houts., Pav. C., Qutb) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"or- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:s- 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a:z- (Äìèòðèåâ 1955) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 279, VEWT 22, 33, 193, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 283, ÝÑÒß 1, 94-95. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to ride, trot | face="Times New Roman Star"áåæàòü (ðûñüþ), íåñòèñü | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|il- | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- (Pav. C., MA, Ettuhf.), jil- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jel-li `quickly' | face="Times New Roman Star"jel-me `trot' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?el- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"l-, d/el- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"siel- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?el- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?el- | face="Times New Roman Star"jeli- | face="Times New Roman Star"jel- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?el- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 918, VEWT 195, ÝÑÒß 4, 176-177. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bo:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to become | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòàíîâèòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo(l)- | face="Times New Roman Star"pol- | face="Times New Roman Star"ol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"pol- | face="Times New Roman Star"pol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"o^.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"pol- | face="Times New Roman Star"buol- | face="Times New Roman Star"buol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"ol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"vol-, vo:-, bo:- (Òåí. ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"bol- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 331-332, VEWT 79, TMN 2, 358, ÝÑÒß 2, 185-188, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 442, Stachowski 66. Forms with o- may represent a different root (see *ol-tur-). On the other hand, the geographical distribution of this variant matches quite closely the change *b- > v- in a number of words with grammatical function (for Haladzh cf. vi:er- 'give', va:or 'there is'), so most of the forms with o- may indeed reflect *bol- > *vol- > ol-; the different root *ol- is with more certainty reflected only in Middle Uyghur (At., Tefs., IM - cf. bar, bir- in the same sources) and Middle Kypchak (Bulgat, Ettuhf., see ÝÑÒß 2, 186). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*i:jn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hollow, pit, lair | face="Times New Roman Star"áåðëîãà, ÿìà | face="Times New Roman Star"in (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"in, jin (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"hi:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.n | face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@ | face="Times New Roman Star"i:n | face="Times New Roman Star"i:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ijin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 172, Åãîðîâ 79, Stachowski 131. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.ke- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to file 2 file (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèëèòü, îáòà÷èâàòü 2 íàïèëüíèê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ike- ( ? ege-) 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"eje 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ego|w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k, iga"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:ge 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ige- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egu" 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@gev 'whetstone' | face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e-, o"g|e- 1, eg|e: 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ege-, o"go"- 1, ego":, o"go": 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ija 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, VEWT 38, ÝÑÒß 1, 326-328, TMN 2, 93, Åãîðîâ 77, Ëåêñèêà 399, Stachowski 123. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to:r-um | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 young camel 2 a young calf 3 a goat that has yeaned early 4 young 5 a cow that has not calved yet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåðáëþæîíîê 2 òåëåíîê 3 êîçà, îáúÿãíèâøàÿñÿ â âîçðàñòå äî 1 ãîäà 4 ìîëîäîé (î ÷åëîâåêå, äåðåâå) 5 íåòåëü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1, torpy 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"deve torun 1, torum (dial.) 1; torbuc? (dial.) 3, (?) toru (dial.) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"to:rbaq (ÊÑÒÒ) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"torum 1 (Sangl., Pav. C.), torbaq 2 (MA 126) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"topaq 2, topaq-torum 'young calves' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to:rum 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"torbax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torboq 2, torboc? (dial. Kumd.) 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"torbos, torbuz?|ax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dorum 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"torpoq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"torpaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tana-turpaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(?) tor 'unbroken (of a horse), untrodden (of a path)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tory 'foal' (ÑÑß) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 533, 549, VEWT 491. Turk. > WMong. torum, Kalm. torm (KW 402, Ùåðáàê 1997, 158, Clark 1977, 155-156. The Tur. dial. dog|rum is a result of contamination with dog|ur- 'to bear'. Forms like torp-ak are diminutives in -ak (with almost always regular cluster development). Forms like Tur. torun 'grandchild', as well as Tur. dial. tor 'young' may be Iranisms (but not Armenisms, as suggested in Áóä. 1, 747 - Armen. tor`n 'grandchild' is itself obviously < Iranian) - see Àá. 3, 280. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wide | face="Times New Roman Star"øèðîêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gen | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.n| (Sangl., Abush., Áîð. Áàä.), ge.n| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"gen | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:n| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:en|g |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kien| | face="Times New Roman Star"kien| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ken|, ken | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gen| | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 724-725, VEWT 253, EDT 724-725, ÝÑÒß 3, 46-47, Stachowski 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*si:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 urine 2 to urinate | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìî÷à 2 ìî÷èòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"sid- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sid|- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"si- (AH, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"siz-, sez-, syz- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"si:dik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"side- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"si- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"si:d- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?úk 1, s?úr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sidik 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sij- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 799, VEWT 421, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 130. Only Yak. and Chuv. reflect the original *si:k; all other languages reflect a derivative *si:g-t- / *si:g-d- (present also outside Turkic) > *si:d-. Also widely reflected is the secondary derivative *si:d-dik 'urine' ( > Turkm. si:dik etc., see ÝÑÒß 7). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"precipice, steep bank | face="Times New Roman Star"îáðûâ, êðóòîé áåðåã |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jar (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar (Ettuhf., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jar-Gan | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:r | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr | face="Times New Roman Star"sy:r | face="Times New Roman Star"hy:r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jar | face="Times New Roman Star"jar |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jar | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 953-954, VEWT 188-9, ÝÑÒß 4, 17-18, Stachowski 121. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.tku-c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a stinging insect | face="Times New Roman Star"êóñàþùåå íàñåêîìîå |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qatquc? (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyt-kajúk 'æóæåëèöà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 599, ÄÒÑ. Cf. also (MK) qod|g|u 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *ka.tku-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e>.dn|e-r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"saddle | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåäëî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ed|er (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"eyer | face="Times New Roman Star"ije|r | face="Times New Roman Star"e.ger | face="Times New Roman Star"egar | face="Times New Roman Star"eg@(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"ha"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ejer | face="Times New Roman Star"izer | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"e:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@ner | face="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:r | face="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:r | face="Times New Roman Star"ezer | face="Times New Roman Star"e'zer (Ðàñ. ÔèË 183) | face="Times New Roman Star"e:r | face="Times New Roman Star"er | face="Times New Roman Star"ijer | face="Times New Roman Star"eja"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ijer | face="Times New Roman Star"je:r | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"jer | face="Times New Roman Star"en|er (Kakuk) | face="Times New Roman Star"er | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 63, VEWT 36, ÝÑÒß 1, 241-242, 658-659, Ëåêñèêà 539, Stachowski 261. Reflexes of the cluster are complicated by borrowings: e.g. Tuva, Tof. is < Khak. Turk. *edn|er-c?ak 'pack saddle' > MMong. in|g|irc?aq, WMong. jan|g|irc?aq id. (TMN 2, 128-129, Ùåðáàê 1997, 164, Àíèêèí 88). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a.t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to throw, shoot | face="Times New Roman Star"áðîñàòü, ñòðåëÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"at- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"at- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|t- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"hat- | face="Times New Roman Star"yvút-, dial. ut- | face="Times New Roman Star"yt- | face="Times New Roman Star"yt- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"at- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"at- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36, VEWT 31, ÝÑÒß 1, 199-200, 203, 204, Åãîðîâ 342, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 469, Stachowski 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*junt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"horse, mare | face="Times New Roman Star"ëîøàäü, êîáûëà | face="Times New Roman Star"junt (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"junt (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jont |
| face="Times New Roman Star"junt (Ettuhf.), junad (AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jut, jot |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sono-g|os 'young horse' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 946, VEWT 211, ÝÑÒß 4, 253-254, TMN 4, 199-200. Despite Sinor 1965, 312, hardly a borrowing from Samoyed. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shave 2 to tear off, scrape off | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðèòü 2 ñðûâàòü, ñîñêðåáàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"li- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"le- (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 (Ettuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l-me- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"lu"- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"lu"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"l-, u"lu"-, ili- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 213, ÝÑÒß 4, 216 (confused with *jol- q. v. sub *n/o>\lo), Stachowski 115. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jEgin | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"nephew | face="Times New Roman Star"ïëåìÿííèê | face="Times New Roman Star"jegen, jegin (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"je:n, jegen, jejen | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ije|n | face="Times New Roman Star"jeken, jegen (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ija"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jegen |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jegen | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e:n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e:n | face="Times New Roman Star"je:n, d/e:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sien |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?e:n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e:n | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijen | face="Times New Roman Star"jijen | face="Times New Roman Star"jeja"n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?ijen |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 912-913, VEWT 194, ÝÑÒß 4, 166-167, Ëåêñèêà 293. |
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