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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*u"gi face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"owl face="Times New Roman Star"сова face="Times New Roman Star"u"gi, u"hi (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ke face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" (Sangl. , CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"u"ka" face="Times New Roman Star"hu"vi face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"u"g@, u"x@ face="Times New Roman Star"u"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"hu"gu", hij-qus? face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"o"ko" face="Times New Roman Star"u"ku" face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 519, TMN 2, 156, EDT 101, Лексика 170-171, Федотов 2, 303. Some irregularities are explained by the root's expressive character. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wood, forest 2 hill 3 meadow 4 valley between mountains face="Times New Roman Star"1 лес 2 холм 3 луг 4 долина между гор face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k 'bushes, underwood', bu"ktir 'rocky mountain top' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k 'thicket at the waterside' face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k (dial.) 3, pu"kte|r 'snow-drift' (КСТТ ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k 'thick (wood, garden)' face="Times New Roman Star"pu"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"pu"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'k 4 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k 2, bo"kto"r 'foot-hills' face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kter 'steep hill' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 91, EDT 324, 325, ЭСТЯ 2, 291, Лексика 94. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"dry face="Times New Roman Star"сухой face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kak, kah face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|q face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"Gax face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"qaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ЭСТЯ 5, 218-220, EDT 608. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"mu"l-du"ru"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"breastplate face="Times New Roman Star"нагрудник face="Times New Roman Star"o.mildiriq face="Times New Roman Star"o"mu"ldu"ru"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"mu"ldu"ru"k face="Times New Roman Star"o"mildirik face="Times New Roman Star"u"melderek face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 530, Лексика 553. face="Times New Roman Star"*amac? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"plough face="Times New Roman Star"плуг face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. amac? face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o|mo|c? face="Times New Roman Star"amac? face="Times New Roman Star"omac? face="Times New Roman Star"amac? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156, TMN 2, 124. Turk. > Pers. a:ma:z?| (see Horn 11 on the lack of Iranian etymology of the Persian word; the derivation in Bailey 326: a:ma:z?| < *ma:tac? is hardly credible), despite Molna/r 2001 (suggesting a different direction); but Chag. (Sangl. ) amaz?| is certainly a backloan < Persian. The word is also present in Armen. mac? 'plough handle', where it is most probably < Iranian. face="Times New Roman Star"*sa:b face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"word, speech face="Times New Roman Star"слово, речь face="Times New Roman Star"sab (Orkh.), sav (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sav (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sav face="Times New Roman Star"sav (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"sa:v-c?y 'matchmaker', dial. sa:w face="Times New Roman Star"sabyr (bic?ig) 'богатырское письмо' face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|vъw| 'verse, poem' face="Times New Roman Star"so:z?|i 'matchmaker' (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 782-783, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 20. face="Times New Roman Star"*saja- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be rare, thinned out face="Times New Roman Star"быть редким, прореженным face="Times New Roman Star"sajyq- (dial.) 'to become rare', sajaq 'rare' face="Times New Roman Star"saja- face="Times New Roman Star"saja- face="Times New Roman Star"sojak (dial.) 'bastard' face="Times New Roman Star"hajaq 'rare' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 395, TMN 3, 306, ЭСТЯ 7. The root is not widely attested, but its likely derivative is *saja-k 'young male horses separated from the herd; lonely man, wanderer', spread much wider (see ЭСТЯ 7). Chuv. sojak definitely reflects the same form and is not borrowed from Mar. sajak, but rather vice versa, despite Федотов 2, 53. face="Times New Roman Star"*sapak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"branch, bunch face="Times New Roman Star"ветвь, кисть face="Times New Roman Star"sapaq face="Times New Roman Star"sabaq face="Times New Roman Star"sabaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391. The stem is usually regarded as derived from *sa.p 'handle' (see e.g. ЭСТЯ 7); the latter indeed also means 'stalk' and has a derivative *sa.pak 'handle, stalk'. face="Times New Roman Star"*sel/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to untie face="Times New Roman Star"развязывать face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s?- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?is?- face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?- (Sangl. ), sa"s?- (MKypch. - Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sis- face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- face="Times New Roman Star"sal-t- face="Times New Roman Star"es- face="Times New Roman Star"c?es?- face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's?- face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- face="Times New Roman Star"sis- face="Times New Roman Star"s?es?- face="Times New Roman Star"c?ec?- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 413, EDT 857, Егоров 177, Федотов 2, 10. face="Times New Roman Star"*sia:n/- (?-j-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 poor, distressed 2 to be distressed, anxious, fearful 3 to squander 4 to pain, be sore (of a foot) 5 distress 6 beggar face="Times New Roman Star"1 бедный, несчастный 2 быть расстроенным, подавленным, испуганным 3 растрачивать (имущество) 4 ныть (о ноге) 5 расстройство 6 странник, нищий face="Times New Roman Star"saj-pa- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"saj-pa- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"saj- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"sa:jyl 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sajlyg| 1 (dial.), sajaq 5 (dial., R - Kumd.) face="Times New Roman Star"s?ujg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sajmaara- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sajyl 6 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 859, Ашм. XVII, 111. face="Times New Roman Star"*sal- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to quarrel, dislike, swear 2 bad influence, bad consequence face="Times New Roman Star"1 ссориться, ругаться 2 дурное влияние, плохие последствия face="Times New Roman Star"salg|a 'a restive horse' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"salc?y- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sol- 'to damn' face="Times New Roman Star"saldar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"saldar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sal 'a quarrelsome person', salys- 1, saldar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"saldar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 826, Федотов 2, 57, ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*sen| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"frazil face="Times New Roman Star"шуга, ледяное сало face="Times New Roman Star"sen| (B) face="Times New Roman Star"sa"n| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"sen| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"san face="Times New Roman Star"sen| face="Times New Roman Star"sen| face="Times New Roman Star"sen| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 410 (without Chuv.; the Kypch. forms may be borrowed from Mong.), ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*jap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to lap 2 greedy 3 lickerish face="Times New Roman Star"1 лакать, жадно пить 2 жадный 3 лакомый face="Times New Roman Star"jabylyg| 2 R 3, 281 (Koib., Kach.); c?apla-t- 1, c?apsyx 3 face="Times New Roman Star"japla-t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sabyrg|a:- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"A local Siberian root. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"onion face="Times New Roman Star"лук face="Times New Roman Star"sog|un (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|un (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sug|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an (AH , IM , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"soxan face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an, sog|on face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"hug|an face="Times New Roman Star"soxan face="Times New Roman Star"suvan, suan face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an, sog|a"n face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 812, VEWT 425, Лексика 141, 465, ЭСТЯ 7, Федотов 2, 69-70. Forms like Oyr. sog|ono, so:no, Tuva sog|una may be < Mong. face="Times New Roman Star"*sor/ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"village face="Times New Roman Star"деревня face="Times New Roman Star"sozaq ( ? -u-) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 861, VEWT 429. face="Times New Roman Star"*so"k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to kneel face="Times New Roman Star"преклонять колени, стоять на коленях face="Times New Roman Star"so"k-, so"kit- (OUygh.), so"ku"r- (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"so"k- (MK , KB ), so"kit- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"so"gej-, so"gu"ru"- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 819, 820, 822, VEWT 430. Turk. *so"k-u"r- > WMong. so"ku"re-, Kalm. so"kr- (KW 333). face="Times New Roman Star"*toku face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rite, ceremony face="Times New Roman Star"обряд (погребальный, свадебный) face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"toka 'wedding present' (dial.), 'handshake' face="Times New Roman Star"toqa (Sangl. ), toqal 'the least respected wife' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 'second wife' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"tъxlac?ъ 'matchmaker' face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'first wife in respect to others' face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 466, Егоров 241 (derives from F.-U. or from tъxъm 'progeny' - both quite dubious morphologically), VEWT 485. The semantic development is 'rite, ceremony' > 'wedding' > 'matchmaker' / 'younger wife'. face="Times New Roman Star"*japal face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"spleen face="Times New Roman Star"селезенка face="Times New Roman Star"c?avana, Todzh. (Рас. ФиЛ, 194) c?y'val face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p`al face="Times New Roman Star"An isolated Sayan root. face="Times New Roman Star"*delim face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"many face="Times New Roman Star"много face="Times New Roman Star"telim (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"telim (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"delim (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 472, EDT 499-500. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"d face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"throne face="Times New Roman Star"трон face="Times New Roman Star"bo"d (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tta"x, bitta"x (Пек. ) 'cross-bar in a stool, cross-piece in a boat' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, EDT 298. The Yak. word may belong here if it is not derived from *bu"t- 'to end'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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