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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)e:.n-c?ikface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 shin, shank 2 shin bone 3 boot-top strap 4 heelface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîëåíü 2 êîñòü ãîëåíè 3 ðåìåøêè äëÿ ïîäòÿãèâàíèÿ ãîëåíèù 4 ïÿòêà
face="Times New Roman Star"jinz?|ik 2 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ik 1face="Times New Roman Star"jinz?|ik 1 (ÊÑÒÒ)face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ik 'cou de pied' (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|ik 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"enz?|ik 4face="Times New Roman Star"enc?ik 4 (Leb.)

face="Times New Roman Star"inn/ia"x 1 (Ïåê. 1941)
face="Times New Roman Star"inc?ik 3



face="Times New Roman Star"jensek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inc?ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inc?ik, inz?|ik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ix ãîëåíü (ÑÑß)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 172, 203, Ëåêñèêà 286.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , jokeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà

face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4
face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.)face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3

face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to reach 2 to passface="Times New Roman Star"1 äîñòèãàòü 2 ïðîõîäèòü ìèìîface="Times New Roman Star"er- (OUygh.) 1, er-t- (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"er-, dial. e:r-, ir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 288-289, 303, Ôåäîòîâ 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ÝÑÒß 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HY ere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ide (/*ede)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"very, of course, emphatic adverbface="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíü, óñèëèòåëüíîå íàðå÷èåface="Times New Roman Star"idi (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (KB); id|rig 'anything hard' (MK - Argu)
face="Times New Roman Star"eje





face="Times New Roman Star"@zeface="Times New Roman Star"eze

face="Times New Roman Star"araface="Times New Roman Star"iti
face="Times New Roman Star"ide
face="Times New Roman Star"ijiface="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"eje





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 41, 65, ÝÑÒß 1, 335. Tat., Chuv. ije 'yes', erroneously related here in ÝÑÒß, have different connections, cf. Khak. ja 'yes', Tof. ijen, ijne, MTurk. Xwar., Kypch., Osm. inen|, inen (EDT 42); the Kypchak forms above, because of the merger of *-d- and *-j-, can have either origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>.dn|e-rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"saddleface="Times New Roman Star"ñåäëî
face="Times New Roman Star"ed|er (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eyerface="Times New Roman Star"ije|rface="Times New Roman Star"e.gerface="Times New Roman Star"egarface="Times New Roman Star"eg@(r)face="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"ja"ha"rface="Times New Roman Star"ejerface="Times New Roman Star"izerface="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"e:r
face="Times New Roman Star"j@nerface="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:rface="Times New Roman Star"yn|y:rface="Times New Roman Star"ezerface="Times New Roman Star"e'zer (Ðàñ. ÔèË 183)face="Times New Roman Star"e:rface="Times New Roman Star"erface="Times New Roman Star"ijerface="Times New Roman Star"eja"rface="Times New Roman Star"ijerface="Times New Roman Star"je:rface="Times New Roman Star"jerface="Times New Roman Star"jerface="Times New Roman Star"en|er (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"erface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 63, VEWT 36, ÝÑÒß 1, 241-242, 658-659, Ëåêñèêà 539, Stachowski 261. Reflexes of the cluster are complicated by borrowings: e.g. Tuva, Tof. is < Khak. Turk. *edn|er-c?ak 'pack saddle' > MMong. in|g|irc?aq, WMong. jan|g|irc?aq id. (TMN 2, 128-129, Ùåðáàê 1997, 164, Àíèêèí 88).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.su"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to become drunkface="Times New Roman Star"ïüÿíåòü, íàïèâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"esu"r- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"esu"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"esri-face="Times New Roman Star"isi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esri- (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"a"si>r- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"esre-face="Times New Roman Star"izi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"z@r-face="Times New Roman Star"itir-face="Times New Roman Star"itirikte:- 'to rejoice, have a feast'face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-face="Times New Roman Star"e`siri-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"esi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"it|i>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-
face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-
face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 251, VEWT 50, ÝÑÒß 1, 309-310, Stachowski 130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/u"-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cover 2 (door) curtain > doorface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîêðûâàòü 2 (äâåðíîé) çàíàâåñ > äâåðü
face="Times New Roman Star"es?u"- 1, es?ik / es?u"k 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2face="Times New Roman Star"is?ik 2 (AH, IM), is?u"k (IM), es?ik 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2

face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:zi>k, i>zi>k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.s?u"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"algú, alúk 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"jes?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, 260, TMN 2, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 24, ÝÑÒß 1, 396-398, Ëåêñèêà 511-512, 517.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cheeks 2 jaw, chinface="Times New Roman Star"1 ùåêè 2 ÷åëþñòü, ïîäáîðîäîê
face="Times New Roman Star"en| 1, en|ek 1, 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"enek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ija"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"en|ek, enek 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"enga"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"in|a"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"in|ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"n| 2face="Times New Roman Star"a":n| 'lower jaw', en|ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"e:k 2face="Times New Roman Star"e:k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2face="Times New Roman Star"in| 2


face="Times New Roman Star"e:k 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>jek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ijek 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>jek 2


face="Times New Roman Star"ijek 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, 183, VEWT 45, ÝÑÒß 1, 284-285, Ëåêñèêà 218-219, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 45.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:b-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to hurry 2 quickface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñïåøèòü 2 áûñòðûéface="Times New Roman Star"evu"k (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ev- (KB) 1, evek 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ev- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ev- (MA, IM, Qutb., Houts.)



face="Times New Roman Star"a":v- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ibek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ibek 2

face="Times New Roman Star"avas?- 1; avúk 'moment; quick'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 4, 8-9, VEWT 34, Åãîðîâ 19 (Ôåäîòîâ 1, 25-26 - differently).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.k(k)iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"twoface="Times New Roman Star"äâàface="Times New Roman Star"eki (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"e.ki (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ikiface="Times New Roman Star"ikeface="Times New Roman Star"iki (AH, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ikkiface="Times New Roman Star"ikkiface="Times New Roman Star"s?igyface="Times New Roman Star"ikiface="Times New Roman Star"ikiface="Times New Roman Star"ekeface="Times New Roman Star"igiface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"a"kki, a"kki.face="Times New Roman Star"ikk@face="Times New Roman Star"ikkiface="Times New Roman Star"ikkiface="Times New Roman Star"ijiface="Times New Roman Star"ixiface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"ikeface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"ikiface="Times New Roman Star"ekyface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"is?kyface="Times New Roman Star"ekiface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 39, EDT 100-1, ÝÑÒß 1, 337-339, Åãîðîâ 67-68, Stachowski 124.
face="Times New Roman Star"*el, -igface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"handface="Times New Roman Star"ðóêàface="Times New Roman Star"elig (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"elig (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"el
face="Times New Roman Star"el, elig (Abush., MA, Áîð. Áàä., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (arch.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ylyg|face="Times New Roman Star"a"lface="Times New Roman Star"el
face="Times New Roman Star"ilik (Âåðá.), ilgilik 'mitten'
face="Times New Roman Star"a"`lface="Times New Roman Star"alúface="Times New Roman Star"ili:, eli:face="Times New Roman Star"ili:
face="Times New Roman Star"eldik 'mitten'




face="Times New Roman Star"jel/

face="Times New Roman Star"el
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 39, EDT 140-1, ÝÑÒß 1, 260-261, Ëåêñèêà 251, Åãîðîâ 24, Stachowski 125-126.
face="Times New Roman Star"*in-gek (/*yn-gak), *in-kenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cow 2 female camelface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîâà 2 âåðáëþäèöàface="Times New Roman Star"ingek (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ingen 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ingek 1, ingen 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"i>na"k 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (AH), inen 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k, ina"j 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1, (dial.) ingan, in|gan 2face="Times New Roman Star"inek, enek 1face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (ÝÑÒß), inen 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>nek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek, na"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"@ne 1face="Times New Roman Star"ynax 1
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, en|gin 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, in|gen 2face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, i>n|gen 2

face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"in|gen 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 184, VEWT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 358-361, Åãîðîâ 64, Ëåêñèêà 436, 447-448). Turk. > Mong. in|gen 'female camel'; Hung. u"no? 'heifer' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)igneface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"needleface="Times New Roman Star"èãëàface="Times New Roman Star"jin|ne (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigne (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"ina"face="Times New Roman Star"igne (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"igna"face="Times New Roman Star"igna", jin|na", jigna"face="Times New Roman Star"jin|neface="Times New Roman Star"ijna"face="Times New Roman Star"igne, in|neface="Times New Roman Star"in|eface="Times New Roman Star"inga"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i:na" ( < Az.)
face="Times New Roman Star"inne, in/eface="Times New Roman Star"in|ne, in/e, inneface="Times New Roman Star"ine
face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i>jnaface="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i>na"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i:na"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"ijne
face="Times New Roman Star"ineface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 110, VEWT 169, ÝÑÒß 1, 367-369, Ëåêñèêà 106.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drinkface="Times New Roman Star"ïèòüface="Times New Roman Star"ic?- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ic?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ec?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?- (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ys?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"@s-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-, es?- (R., Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-face="Times New Roman Star"is-face="Times New Roman Star"is-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"es-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"i:c?-face="Times New Roman Star"ic?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 168, EDT 19, ÝÑÒß 1, 391, Åãîðîâ 66, Stachowski 129.
face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"breadface="Times New Roman Star"õëåáface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"kface="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmekface="Times New Roman Star"ipekface="Times New Roman Star"itpa"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k







face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmekface="Times New Roman Star"iekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek

face="Times New Roman Star"ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ijikface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"spindleface="Times New Roman Star"âåðåòåíî
face="Times New Roman Star"ik, jik, ijik (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ig|, ij, iji
face="Times New Roman Star"ik (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ik, jik, z?|ik
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ikface="Times New Roman Star"ijface="Times New Roman Star"i:k
face="Times New Roman Star"i:kface="Times New Roman Star"i:k, ijik
face="Times New Roman Star"j@ge



face="Times New Roman Star"ijik



face="Times New Roman Star"i:
face="Times New Roman Star"ijik

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 170, EDT 99, ÝÑÒß 1, 336-337, Åãîðîâ 77. Az., Turk., Gag. have a secondary voicing due to early contraction *-iji- > *-i:-. Turk. > Mong. ig 'spindle' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 123); the derivative *ijik-lig (Chag. iklig| 'violin', cf. Khak. i:k id. (see VEWT 179) > Kalm. ik@l/@ (KW 206).
face="Times New Roman Star"*egir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to twist, spinface="Times New Roman Star"êðóòèòü, ïðÿñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"egir- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ejir-face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"egir- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigir-face="Times New Roman Star"jiger-, igir-
face="Times New Roman Star"a"jir-face="Times New Roman Star"egir-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-, egir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jir-face="Times New Roman Star"avúr-la-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-is- 'ñïóòàòüñÿ î ëåñêàõ'; ieregej 'humming-top'face="Times New Roman Star"ieregej 'drill'face="Times New Roman Star"e:r-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-
face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"ig|er-face="Times New Roman Star"ijir-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 112, ÝÑÒß 1, 227-231, TMN 2, 192, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 27, Stachowski 122. The Chuv. form reflects a partial merger with *ebir- (v. sub *i_a>\pV).
face="Times New Roman Star"*yn|yrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"duskface="Times New Roman Star"äûìêà, ñóìåðêèface="Times New Roman Star"in|ir (? yn|yr) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir (MK), imir (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"inirik, in|rik (dial.), u"mez 'fog'face="Times New Roman Star"i>n|gi>r
face="Times New Roman Star"u"mu"r, imir
face="Times New Roman Star"in|er, jin|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"u"mu"r, in|rikface="Times New Roman Star"i:rface="Times New Roman Star"i:r, ynarface="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, i:r, ynyrface="Times New Roman Star"a"/n|gu"r, a"/n|gu".rface="Times New Roman Star"@n@r@k; @ner 'yesterday'face="Times New Roman Star"im 'morning and evening dawn'face="Times New Roman Star"im 'morning and evening dawn'face="Times New Roman Star"imir
face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, yn|yrt, in|irtface="Times New Roman Star"i>n|i>r, ymyrt, imirt
face="Times New Roman Star"i>n|i>rface="Times New Roman Star"in|ir
face="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, yn|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"in|ir, ymyrt

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 162, 188, VEWT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 354-356, Åãîðîâ 64-65, Ëåêñèêà 34-35, 81, 83. Mudrak (Ëåêñèêà 83) separates forms with -m-, comparing them with Evk. umulge 'shadow'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:g-(la-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to weep, cryface="Times New Roman Star"ïëàêàòüface="Times New Roman Star"yg|-la- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"yg|la-, jyg|la- (MK), jyg|la- (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"jyla-face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|la- (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|la-face="Times New Roman Star"jig|la-
face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|-la-face="Times New Roman Star"y:face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"yjla-






face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla-

face="Times New Roman Star"zyla-

face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla-
face="Times New Roman Star"jila-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, ÝÑÒß 1, 79-81.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yjn|a-la-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to cry, weepface="Times New Roman Star"ïëàêàòü, ðûäàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"an|yla- 'to cry, howl (of a donkey)' (ÌÊ) (?)face="Times New Roman Star"inle-, dial. in|ile-face="Times New Roman Star"en|gelde-face="Times New Roman Star"OKypch. in|le- (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"ingala-

face="Times New Roman Star"inla"-face="Times New Roman Star"in|le-face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"yjla-face="Times New Roman Star"i:.la"n-
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyla-
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyla-, yyla-
face="Times New Roman Star"yjla-face="Times New Roman Star"ynqyl-da-
face="Times New Roman Star"yjla-
face="Times New Roman Star"inne-face="Times New Roman Star"inle-face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yl-da-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 172, EDT 186, ÝÑÒß 1, 366-367.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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