face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûì 2 êîïîòü, ñàæà 3 çàïàõ, àðîìàò 4 èñïàðåíèÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ÝÑÒß 1, 379-382, Ëåêñèêà 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 íîñ 2 ãíóñàâèòü 3 êëþâ, ìîðäà 4 ïåðåñîõøèé (î íîñå) 5 ïåðåíîñèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|raq `palate' (MK - ÄÒÑ)
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ryq, qarq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|s?yravuq 'nasal cavity', Gon|ursa- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qon|yr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Âåðá.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xan|ynaj- 2; xon|uru:, xan|yry: 5 (Ïåê.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 3, xa:s? 'nasal', qon|zan| 'crook-nosed'
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq 4, qon|ursu- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|g|yryq (dial.) 'hard palate'
face="Times New Roman Star"The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Ëåêñèêà 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ÝÑÒß 6, 66.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran
face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà 3 øåëóõà 4 îòðóáè, ìÿêèíà
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq 4 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq, qavuq (MK, KB) 4
face="Times New Roman Star"kavuz 3, kavza 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vuz 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qovzaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gavyz (dial.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyvúx 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:-tara: 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles'
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"quvyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 583, ÝÑÒß 5, 173-174, 178-179, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i_a:\bu).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, TMN 4, 188-189, EDT 916, ÝÑÒß 4, 85-86 (confused with *ja:l, v. sub *da:/lV), Ëåêñèêà 147, 566. The Oghuz name of 'feather' (jelek / lelek, see ÝÑÒß 4, 179) is probably derived from this root; perhaps also *jel-ke 'back of head (including the neck)', see VEWT 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 181.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 small river 2 sand, pebbles 3 flood, freshet 4 shallow
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðå÷êà 2 ïåñîê, ãàëüêà 3 ïîëîâîäüå, íàâîäíåíèå 4 ìåëêîâîäíûé
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1, c?eke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:j 1, c?a":ge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj-r-am 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 2 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"saj 'a river weed' (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj (in the hydronym qarac?aj)
face="Times New Roman Star"The word is poorly attested (almost only in some modern Oghuz languages and Chag., see VEWT 95, Ëåêñèêà 94; the Yakut parallel is phonetically unclear - borrowed from Tuva or Altai?). Turk. *c?a:j-ka (Turkm. c?a":ge, Chag. c?eke) > Kalm. ceke|: (KW 426). The forms (despite semantic difference) may have an Iranian origin: Pers. (Pekhl.) c?a:h 'well, spring' < *c?a:t|a > Av. c?a:ta, Kurd. c?a:l, Bel. c?a:t, Osset. c?ad 'lake', Wakhi c?ot 'pond' (Horn 97, Àá. 1, 285, 329, Ðàñòîðãóåâà 1990, 191, ÝÑÂß 130); a certain Persian loan is Khal. c?a: 'Brunnen, Grube'. Osset. c?'aj 'well' is regarded by Abaev as a borrowing from Pers. through Georgian (c?.a 'well'). The relationship to the verbal stem c?a:j- 'to swill' (ÎÑÍß 3, 59-60) ( < 'wash water off from the surface'?) is yet to be determined.
face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2, dial. xarac?y 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kos/ xori 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2
face="Times New Roman Star"karak 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ÝÑÒß 5, 295-296, Àøì. VII, 36, Ëåêñèêà 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. go"z karasy result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ÝÑÒß 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarys 'care, wariness', Dolg. karysta:- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed.
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"g, ju"v (dial.), Osm. ju"g
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, Ëåêñèêà 150. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 211b) confuses this root with *jun| 'wool', but they are certainly unrelated (although may tend to contaminate).
face="Times New Roman Star"tibi: 1, tip- 'to blow'
face="Times New Roman Star"tibi: 1, tip- 'to blow (of a snowstorm)'
face="Times New Roman Star"du"vu" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"to"p`o" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"du"belej 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 436, VEWT 503, Ëåêñèêà 48, Stachowski 222, 223. The Uzb. and KKalp. forms may reflect a merger with PT *tu"ge-le(j) (v. sub *t`u>ge).
face="Times New Roman Star"s/avar-/s/ar- 1, s/avra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sebirij- 'to uncoil (of a twisted rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jir- 'to twiddle a whirligig'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to tuck', c?u"jre 'contrariwise'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1, c?evra" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ñivir-, c?evir- 1, civre 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to wrap'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 398, Åãîðîâ 201-201, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 80. Despite VEWT, there are no reasons to regard the Chuv. word as a borrowing.
face="Times New Roman Star"pyr 1, pyryn 7, pur-la- 3, purg|un-na- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"pyryn 7
face="Times New Roman Star"buruo (< *burug) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"buruo 2
face="Times New Roman Star"buruq-su- 3, bur et- 3, bura-t- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 89, Stachowski 67. The stem interacts with the derivatives of *bur- 'to stink, smell' and *bur- 'to twist'- see ÝÑÒß 2, 268-271.
