face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, ÝÑÒß 5, 316-318, Ëåêñèêà 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartygaj > MMong. qarc?igaj (SH qarc?iqai), WMong. qarc?ig|ai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarc?yg|aj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Ùåðáàê 1997, 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarc?in 'kite' and MKor. karc?ik@i 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958, 119, 1964, 191).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217-8, ÝÑÒß 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Àøì. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadag|a is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 a gift of food to someone who comes to stack the crop after the fields are clear 2 harvest tax in favour of the poor or the clergy 3 debt
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèùåâîé ïîäàðîê òîìó, êòî ïðèõîäèò ñêëàäûâàòü õëåá â ñêèðäû ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ïîëÿ óáðàíû 2 îò÷èñëåíèå ñ óðîæàÿ â ïîëüçó áåäíûõ èëè äóõîâåíñòâà 3 äîëã
face="Times New Roman Star"kevs?en| (MK; spelled kfsn|) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kapsan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"psa"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kivz/en 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kepsen, kesmen 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kewsen 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ.. 89, EDT 585, 691, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 290-291. Turk. > Pers. kafsan 'harvest tax for the clergy and administration'; most modern forms may in fact have been borrowed back < Pers., but the Chuv. form can hardly be separated from the one attested in MK. The theory of its being borrowed from Mong. ko"lu"su"n (see Ro/na-Tas 1988) can be hardly justified. However, Hung. ko"lczo"n, indeed, has most probably a Mong. source and is not related to the words above.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 905, Ëåêñèêà 242-243. The quality of the initial velar is not quite clear: the Az. form perhaps preserves an archaism, while other Oghuz forms may be kypchakisms; otherwise its Altaic connections become more dubious. KKalp. keps?e 'shoulderblade' quoted in VEWT means in reality 'a small shovel' (Russ. ëîïàòêà), from Pers. kapc?a = Osm. kepc?e 'ein grosser Lo"ffel' (VEWT 254).
face="Times New Roman Star"kevrik 'hornbeam' (Vitex agnus castus) (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, ku"vru"c? (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qoryc?-ag|ac?
face="Times New Roman Star"go"jru"s?
face="Times New Roman Star"kavúrús/, kavrús/ > Hung. ko:'ris
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jris?
face="Times New Roman Star"qoros-ag|as
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, Balk. ku"jru"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jru"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690, VEWT 245, ÝÑÒß 5, 152, Ëåêñèêà 136, Bla"sing 2002. Volga-Turkic languages have a secondary vowel assimilation due to the compound with ag|ac?. Cf. also Osset. ka"rz(a") < Turk., see Abayev 1, 587-588; on Hung. ko?ris < Turk. see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ÝÑÒß 5, 60-61 (see ibid. the literature on the history of arms). {Cf. Russ. êîë÷àí < unattested Bulg.?}
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ÝÑÒß 5, 60-61. Sak. ka"s?a- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kas?a 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. ki:s?en 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kil/e-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`i\l/a, and *kel/c? 'belt').
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to speak 2 talk, conversation
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîâîðèòü 2 ðå÷ü, ñëîâî
face="Times New Roman Star"kele-c?u" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kelez?|i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 2 (Houts.), kelec?e 2 (MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"kala- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?-so"z 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ÝÑÒß 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. ka"lma" 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.
face="Times New Roman Star"kelegu" 'al-yarbu:' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen(g)i, geleni, dial. gelenki
face="Times New Roman Star"kelen|u" (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"kelemis?, keler, keles
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 249, EDT 718, ÝÑÒß 5, 31, Ëåêñèêà 181. The root is not widely attested (although mentioned by MK), and may become confused with the root for 'lizard'; in Turkic dialects folk-etymologically influenced by gelin 'bride' (cf. also gelincek 'weasel', see Öèâüÿí 1979), which would explain voiced g- (irregular in the Altaic perspective).
face="Times New Roman Star"*keler / *keler/ / *kelte
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"lti-ka"las, ka"lo|s (dial.), ka"lta" (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kile|r (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kesilk@
face="Times New Roman Star"kelez, ka"la"z
face="Times New Roman Star"kilesk@
face="Times New Roman Star"kelesken
face="Times New Roman Star"keleski
face="Times New Roman Star"kalda
face="Times New Roman Star"xeleske
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 30-32, 34, Ëåêñèêà 180-181; *keler/ > Mong. keles, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 126. Despite ÝÑÒß the Chuv. form cannot be borrowed from Tat; rather, vice versa, some Volga-Qypchaq languages have borrowed the Bulg. word.
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 33. Cf. also such forms as Chuv. kiz/ep 'tamper, pestle' and Bashk. ki(l)sap, kilt|ap id. Turk. > Hung. ko"lyu?, see Gombocz 1912.