face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7
face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8
face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?ъw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 meadow 3 various kinds of grass (with seeds)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 луг, лужайка 3 различные виды трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/im 1, c?imgen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?imen 2, c?im 1; c?emen 'тмин; пажитник'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aman 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?ima"n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n 2, c?im 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emen 2, 'bundle, bouquet'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym-c?olg|aj 'хлебенки (an edible bulbous plant')
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emene 'потничная трава'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ma"n, c?ima"n 2 (< Pers.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?emc?em/n 'горец, птичья гречишка' (Дмитриева-Саллонтаи VII, 49)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ym 1; c?emirc?ek 'травянистое растение со съедобным корнем' (cf. also c?ymyldyq 'повилика', c?ymyldyryq, c?ymyndyq (dial.) 'чина')
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?im 1, c?imen 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The primary root is *c?ym 'turf', whence *c?im-gen 'meadow', borrowed in Pers. c?aman (see EDT 423; not vice versa, despite TMN 2, 99-100); but many of the modern forms meaning 'meadow' or 'bouquet' are already backloans from Persian.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 471, Федотов 1, 247. The OT word is questionable: an OT Hapax, but the second part (java) is also a plant root. Tag|na java was added to sour milk in order to colour it. Cf. Sak. ttum.gara, Tokh. B tva:n.Ka:rai, Tib. (Khotan) don-gra 'ginger'. Bailey derives from Iran. *tuvam-kara, i.e. 'made thick', but a Turkic origin (with Sak. suffixation) is also possible. If the Oyr. and Chuv. forms belong here the approximate PT reconstruction could be *Tagna 'root, stalk'. Turk. > Mong.: Khalkha ta:na 'лук многокорешковый'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 unrelated; step-relative 2 other, different
face="Times New Roman Star"1 неродной; приемный родственник (пасынок, мачеха) 2 другой, отличный
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (MK), o"gu"n 2 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"u"vej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"gi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (Pav. C.), o"gu"n 2 (Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o.gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ga"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej, o"vej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o":j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o":j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"egian 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egin-egin 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"ga"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"va" 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 109, 119, VEWT 369, 306, ЭСТЯ 1, 495-496, TMN 2, 159, Stachowski 43 (with some confusion of the Yakut variants egin, egian and en|in; on the latter see *en|). In Az. one would rather expect *o"ja"j; -g- is probably preserved due to dissimilation.
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksel- 2, ju"z?|e, (dial.) ju"g, ju"z?|ek, ju"gz?|ek, ju"vz?|ek 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"t- 2 (Houts.), ju"c?e 4 (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"l- 2, uz?|a 4
face="Times New Roman Star"u":sel- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksel- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 915, ЭСТЯ 4, 263-264. The form *ju"geru" is replaced in most modern languages by a back row variant *jokaru, *jokgaru (see ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214); this may be due to a contamination with a synonymous root *jok "up, above" (see ЭСТЯ 4, 215).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 799, VEWT 421, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 130. Only Yak. and Chuv. reflect the original *si:k; all other languages reflect a derivative *si:g-t- / *si:g-d- (present also outside Turkic) > *si:d-. Also widely reflected is the secondary derivative *si:d-dik 'urine' ( > Turkm. si:dik etc., see ЭСТЯ 7).
face="Times New Roman Star"tamar, tamyr 1 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tamur (MK, KB), tamar (MK-Oghuz) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"damar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamur 1, 2 (Sangl., Abush., MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"to|mir 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tomur, temir 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"damar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"damar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tymar 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tymyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tymyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"damyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"damyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"damar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tamur 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tamyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tamur 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 460, EDT 508, ЭСТЯ 3, 143-144, Лексика 107-108, 264-265, Stachowski 238. There are also some forms with -o-: Oyr. tomur- 'to uproot', Kirgh. tomor 'name of a plant, from the root of which dye is produced', Kaz. tomar id., KKalp. tomar 'root' - possibly contaminations with *Tomar 'block, log' (v. sub *t`ome).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 very, strongly 2 strong, powerful 3 healthy 4 power 5 compact, dense (of earth) 6 to become strong 7 virgin soil
face="Times New Roman Star"1 очень, сильно, чрезвычайно 2 крепкий, сильный, мощный 3 здоровый 4 сила, мочь 5 залежный, плотный (о земле) 6 окрепнуть 7 целина
face="Times New Roman Star"tin| u"rki 'recent' (OUygh. - ДТС)
face="Times New Roman Star"din 1, dinc? 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tin-ka 4, tin| 5
face="Times New Roman Star"tin| 5
face="Times New Roman Star"din| 1, din|e 'only'
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tъnk 'crammed, stuffed'
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dyn| 1, dyn|zyg| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|zy- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2, tyn|- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2, 7, tyn|-aj- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"dinc? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 7
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 7
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, Stachowski 238. Turk. > WMong. c?in|, c?in|g|a (KW 437, 441), whence Nan. c?i.n|qi. et al. (ТМС 2, 397). Derivatives with the meaning 'healthy' in ЭСТЯ 3, 344-345 are erroneously attributed to dyn- 'rest'; Yak. tyn|, dyn| 'strained, tense' belongs not here (despite VEWT, but to tyn|- 'pull, stretch').
face="Times New Roman Star"1 vestibule, inner porch 2 house, hut 3 home, dwelling-place
face="Times New Roman Star"1 сени, прихожая 2 дом, хижина 3 жилище
face="Times New Roman Star"gil 'family (as a second part of compound)', (dial.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"gil 'family (as a second part of compound)'
face="Times New Roman Star"kil, ku"l 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"la" 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 270, Егоров 112, Федотов 1, 291-292. Yak. ku":la" is secondarily borrowed from Tungus, see VEWT 270; but ku"le may be inherited.