face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 937-8. Historically the root should be probably kept distinct from *jum- 'round' and *jumurtka 'egg' - although internal contaminations were of course inevitable.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 to suck 3 nipple
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü (æåí.) 2 ñîñàòü 3 ñîñîê
face="Times New Roman Star"emig 1 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (MK), e.mig 1 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ik 1
face="Times New Roman Star"im- 2, imc?e|k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (Pav. C.), emc?ek 1 (Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ak 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2, a"mc?a"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"emyg| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"mz?|a"k 3
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, imz?|ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"@w|m- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emi:j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"emij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emig 1
face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emij 'udder'
face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"imsa"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 41-2, EDT 158-9, ÝÑÒß 1, 271-272, Åãîðîâ 63, Ëåêñèêà 273-274, Stachowski 45. PT *em-ig and *em-c?ek (the latter form is first attested in the 13th c.) are derived from *em- 'to suck'.
face="Times New Roman Star"tekirme, tekirmi (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tu.garak
face="Times New Roman Star"du"gla"k
face="Times New Roman Star"doGyr
face="Times New Roman Star"da"jirmi
face="Times New Roman Star"tegelek, toGalaq
face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ylax
face="Times New Roman Star"tog|alaq
face="Times New Roman Star"tog|oloq
face="Times New Roman Star"t@w|g@w|r 'mirror'
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rem (poet.) 'round', tier- 'to turn round'
face="Times New Roman Star"tier- 'to turn round'
face="Times New Roman Star"to"gerik
face="Times New Roman Star"to":rej
face="Times New Roman Star"tegerek
face="Times New Roman Star"to"gerek
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|a"ra"k
face="Times New Roman Star"to"gerek
face="Times New Roman Star"togerek
face="Times New Roman Star"do"n|gelek
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 176-179, 281-282, Stachowski 222, 227. One of several expressive common Turkic roots meaning 'round' and displaying phonetic irregularities. Some modern Turkic forms (not listed above) are probably borrowed from Mongolian: cf., in particular, Yak. to"gu":r, to"gu"ru"k, Dolg. to"gu"ru"k ( > Evk. tug|uruk). Cf. also Ëåêñèêà 400 (with forms reflecting PT *teker). Bulg. > Hung. tu"ko"r 'mirror', see MNyTESz 3, 1010.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to say 2 to prescribe, tell 3 to ask, demand 4 to concern
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîâîðèòü 2 óêàçûâàòü, ïðåäïèñûâàòü 3 ïðîñèòü 4 êàñàòüñÿ ÷.-ë.
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 3 (OUygh.), ajy- 1 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"aj-, ajyt- 1 (MK), ajyt- 3 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ait- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"e|jt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"aj(y)t- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ejt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1 (dial.), ajyt- 'sing'
face="Times New Roman Star"ha:j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"yjt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"yj- 2, yjyt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"jt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, ÝÑÒß 1, 99-100, 111-112, Åãîðîâ 342, EDT 268-9, Stachowski 259. PT *a.jyt- is derived from *a.j- 'to point out, prescribe'. Before the 11th c. it had only a causative meaning; the meaning 'say, tell' developed later.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûì 2 êîïîòü, ñàæà 3 çàïàõ, àðîìàò 4 èñïàðåíèÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"is 2
face="Times New Roman Star"is 3
face="Times New Roman Star"is 1
face="Times New Roman Star"his 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 3
face="Times New Roman Star"jús 3
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"is 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ijis 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ijis 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 379, Åãîðîâ 76, Stachowski 263. The original meaning must have been 'smell, odour', see notes to *y:l/(c?) (cf. the opposition ys 'soot' - ijis 'smell' in Nogai etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûì 2 êîïîòü, ñàæà 3 çàïàõ, àðîìàò 4 èñïàðåíèÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ÝÑÒß 1, 379-382, Ëåêñèêà 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 556, 557-558, EDT 39, 62, Åãîðîâ 21, Stachowski 48. The Chuv. form is somewhat aberrant phonetically: it is possible that the actual Chuv. reflex of this root is vit@n- `to ask' - while Chuv. avút- (together with avtan, atan `cock', Tat. a"ta"c? `cock') goes back to a separate PT root *ebt-, possibly going back to PA *ip`i (?-p-,-e) `to say, speak' q. v.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 íîñ 2 ãíóñàâèòü 3 êëþâ, ìîðäà 4 ïåðåñîõøèé (î íîñå) 5 ïåðåíîñèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|raq `palate' (MK - ÄÒÑ)
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ryq, qarq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|s?yravuq 'nasal cavity', Gon|ursa- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qon|yr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Âåðá.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xan|ynaj- 2; xon|uru:, xan|yry: 5 (Ïåê.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 3, xa:s? 'nasal', qon|zan| 'crook-nosed'
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq 4, qon|ursu- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|g|yryq (dial.) 'hard palate'
face="Times New Roman Star"The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Ëåêñèêà 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ÝÑÒß 6, 66.
face="Times New Roman Star"that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.)
face="Times New Roman Star"òîò (îñíîâà êîñâ. ïàäåæåé) 2 âîò, òóò
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), an|-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), on|-a (dat.) (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) (Babur)
face="Times New Roman Star"a (nom.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-g|aa (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), o-(g|)o (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"/ra" 'that side' (vocalism under influence of ba"/ra" 'this side')
face="Times New Roman Star"on-da (loc.), úw|n-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana-ra: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta, an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-g|a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-dy (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 19, EDT 165, ÝÑÒß 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, TMN 4, 188-189, EDT 916, ÝÑÒß 4, 85-86 (confused with *ja:l, v. sub *da:/lV), Ëåêñèêà 147, 566. The Oghuz name of 'feather' (jelek / lelek, see ÝÑÒß 4, 179) is probably derived from this root; perhaps also *jel-ke 'back of head (including the neck)', see VEWT 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 181.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 small river 2 sand, pebbles 3 flood, freshet 4 shallow
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðå÷êà 2 ïåñîê, ãàëüêà 3 ïîëîâîäüå, íàâîäíåíèå 4 ìåëêîâîäíûé
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1, c?eke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:j 1, c?a":ge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj-r-am 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 2 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"saj 'a river weed' (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj (in the hydronym qarac?aj)
face="Times New Roman Star"The word is poorly attested (almost only in some modern Oghuz languages and Chag., see VEWT 95, Ëåêñèêà 94; the Yakut parallel is phonetically unclear - borrowed from Tuva or Altai?). Turk. *c?a:j-ka (Turkm. c?a":ge, Chag. c?eke) > Kalm. ceke|: (KW 426). The forms (despite semantic difference) may have an Iranian origin: Pers. (Pekhl.) c?a:h 'well, spring' < *c?a:t|a > Av. c?a:ta, Kurd. c?a:l, Bel. c?a:t, Osset. c?ad 'lake', Wakhi c?ot 'pond' (Horn 97, Àá. 1, 285, 329, Ðàñòîðãóåâà 1990, 191, ÝÑÂß 130); a certain Persian loan is Khal. c?a: 'Brunnen, Grube'. Osset. c?'aj 'well' is regarded by Abaev as a borrowing from Pers. through Georgian (c?.a 'well'). The relationship to the verbal stem c?a:j- 'to swill' (ÎÑÍß 3, 59-60) ( < 'wash water off from the surface'?) is yet to be determined.