| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)amak / *K(i)apak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîá 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 âåêî 4 áðîâü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull' | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z qabag|y 3, dial. taw qabag|y 'mountain slope' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vo|q 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qawaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ) | face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face' | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell, form blisters 2 thick, swollen 3 hill, mound | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàñïóõàòü, íàðûâàòü 2 òîëñòûé, ðàñïóõøèé 3 õîëì, âîçâûøåíèå |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapar- 1, qapa (MK) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kabar- 1, kaba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qabar- (AH) 1, qaba (Houts., AH) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapa(r)- 1, dial. qova 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gabar- 1, Gaba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:bar- 1, Ga:ba 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|ba-lan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaba-lan- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xavar-, xapyj- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qabaq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qabaq 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qapa 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, 233, ÝÑÒß 5, 158, 165-166. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:puk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark (n.) 2 shell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq (Tefs.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kabuk 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapuq 1 (MA, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|biq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GabyG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:byG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xabyx (Kach.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavyq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap, qaby 1, 2 'external cover, covering' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabux 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ÝÑÒß 5, 168, Ëåêñèêà 107, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:dyn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"relative-in-law | face="Times New Roman Star"ñâîéñòâåííèê | face="Times New Roman Star"qadyn (Yenis., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qad|yn (MK, KB), qadyn (KB), qajyn (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"kajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn (Pav. C., MA, Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jin | face="Times New Roman Star"qejin |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:jyn | face="Times New Roman Star"xazyn/ xasty | face="Times New Roman Star"qazyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xon/ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaty | face="Times New Roman Star"xatty | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qajny |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, ÝÑÒß 5, 215-216, Ëåêñèêà 309, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:j- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to slide 2 to swim 3 skis | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêîëüçèòü 2 ïëàâàòü 3 ëûæè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kaj-, dial. kajp- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:j- 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xajyhar 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kan/yhar, ka:n/yhar, xa:har 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaj- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajpy- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, ÝÑÒß 5, 197-198, Stachowski 137 (nasalization in Dolg. is unclear). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stay behind, remain | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòàâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., OUygh., Yenis.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Sangl., Qutb., Houts., AH, IM, MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gal- | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"xal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jol- | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 615-616, VEWT 224, ÝÑÒß 5, 226-227, Åãîðîâ 347, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483, Stachowski 142. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:ma- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 become blinded, dumb 2 (set) teeth on edge 3 to be tired, pine, droop | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåïíóòü, ãëîõíóòü 2 íàáèâàòü îñêîìèíó 3 óñòàâàòü, èçíåìîãàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Orkh.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qama- (MK, KB) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kamas?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä., MA) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|me|s?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gamas?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:mas?- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qamas- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 242-243, 246-247. Cf. also Kirgh., Kaz. qam 'sorrow', Turkm. Gam GajGy 'mischief, sorrow'. Turk. > MMong. (MA) qama- id. (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 197). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnat | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 fin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèê | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush., MA) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyj yat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk,ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:(j)nat | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"flap (of door), wall (of yurt) | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòâîðêà (äâåðè), ñòåíà (þðòû) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kanat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|no|t |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Ganat | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xanat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qanat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 'êàðíèç, çàñòðåõà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qanat | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qanat |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ëåêñèêà 504, Àøì. XII, 246. The root should be kept distinct from *Ka:jnat 'wing'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"blood | face="Times New Roman Star"êðîâü | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"Gan | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:n | face="Times New Roman Star"jon | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:n | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:n | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"xan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)n | face="Times New Roman Star"qan | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997, 133). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:n- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to be satisfied | face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü óäîâëåòâîðåííûì | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"kan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qan- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gan- | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n- | face="Times New Roman Star"xan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xan- | face="Times New Roman Star"kan- | face="Times New Roman Star"xan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qan- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 632, VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:c?a | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"earthenware vessel, cup | face="Times New Roman Star"ãëèíÿíûé ñîñóä, ÷àøà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?a (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kap-kaz?|ak |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gab-Gaz?|aG | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p-Ga:z?|aG |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xa:hax 'big leather-bag, big leather-sack' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217 (hardly < Pers.), EDT 590, ÝÑÒß 5, 342-343. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surround | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gab | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to mix | face="Times New Roman Star"ñìåøèâàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (MK Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"kar- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, jur- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qary- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 285, EDT 642-643, Àøì. IV, 351-352, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490-491. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"snow | face="Times New Roman Star"ñíåã | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl., Qutb., Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r | face="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gar | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:r | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jor | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:r | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:r | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:.syk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"groin | face="Times New Roman Star"ïàõ | face="Times New Roman Star"qasyg| (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kasyk | face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq | face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq (IM, R - Vam.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"GasyG | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:syq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyza |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qat|yq (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, EDT 666, ÝÑÒß 5, 331-332, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"eyebrow; edge, bank; saddle bow | face="Times New Roman Star"áðîâü; êðàé, áåðåã; ëóêà ñåäëà | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kas? (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Sangl., Pav. C., Abush.), qas? (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gas? | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"xas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:s | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"xas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"qas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669, VEWT 240, TMN 3, 389, ÝÑÒß 5, 343-345, Ëåêñèêà 211-212, 542, Stachowski 143. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 jade 2 precious stone, the bezel of a finger ring | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿøìà 2 äðàãîöåííûé êàìåíü, ãíåçäî â êîëüöå |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Houts., IM, Pav. C., MA) 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xas? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669. KW 171. Turk. > Mong. qas(i), (HY) qas?i, see Clark 1980, 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 134. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"goose | face="Times New Roman Star"ãóñü | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"g|az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:z | face="Times New Roman Star"xas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xor | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:s | face="Times New Roman Star"qas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qad| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qa:z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"g|az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 679, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 184, Ëåêñèêà 171, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Stachowski 143. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to come | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèõîäèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.l- (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-/kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kil- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"kel- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel-, gej- | face="Times New Roman Star"gel- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248; EDT 715, ÝÑÒß 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly. |
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