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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)gu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"reed face="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH ), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä. ), g|araw (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|y face="Times New Roman Star"GarGy face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|o face="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx) face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåëèâàòüñÿ ÷åðåç êðàé 2 êàíàâà face="Times New Roman Star"qarym ? qaram (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (MK ) 1, qarym (KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (IM ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rym (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qerim 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaral face="Times New Roman Star"qaranty 'thawed spot' face="Times New Roman Star"xara:lc?a 'ice-hole' face="Times New Roman Star"qarym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 643, ÝÑÒß 5, 320. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ryn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"belly face="Times New Roman Star"æèâîò face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"karyn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (Sangl. , Houts. , AH , MA , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rin face="Times New Roman Star"qerin face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"Garyn face="Times New Roman Star"Garyn face="Times New Roman Star"xaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qarny face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qa:ryn face="Times New Roman Star"xyrúm face="Times New Roman Star"xaryn 'rumen; belly' face="Times New Roman Star"xyryn face="Times New Roman Star"xyryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn-tas? 'a relative' (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 5, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 277. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)arync?-g|a face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 ant 2 tick face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóðàâåé 2 êëåù face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?aq (MK : Oghuz) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"karynz?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qarync?g|a (Sangl. , Qutb .), qarync?a (Houts. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?g|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garynz?|a 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarc?yx 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarymz?|e| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 662, VEWT 238, ÝÑÒß 5, 323, Ëåêñèêà 184. Turk. > Kalm. xac?ig (KW 173) 'irgendeine Made in der Nase des Kamels' (or is it rather < Turk. qatqyc??). face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aryl/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"span face="Times New Roman Star"ïÿäü face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"karys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (Pav. C. , Houts. , AH , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|ris? face="Times New Roman Star"g|eric?, dial. g|eris? face="Times New Roman Star"Garys? face="Times New Roman Star"Garys? face="Times New Roman Star"xarys face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"xarys face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"xarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys face="Times New Roman Star"qarys face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"qarys face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 324-326, EDT 663. External evidence suggests that the original meaning was 'elbow, cubit' [in fact attested for qarys? in Chag. Abushka, but some argue that this is just a script error], with the opposition *K(i)ary 'large measure (cubit) : *K(i)aryl/ 'small measure (span)'. But the former completely merged later with the reflexes of *Kary 'arm' (v. sub *ga\ra/ ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêà (âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü) 2 ïðåäïëå÷üå 3 ãîëåííàÿ êîñòü æèâîòíîãî 4 ðàçëè÷íûå ìåðû äëèíû face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"karu-z?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qara 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1 (Vam. ), qary 1 (Abush. ), 2 (Houts. ), 4 (in all sources) face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gari 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gary 3,4 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xary, xara 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 461-2, ÝÑÒß 5, 278-283, Äûáî 160-164, Äûáî 1989, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Ëåêñèêà 246-247. The usage of *Kary as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)aryl/. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369. face="Times New Roman Star"*Karmak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fishing rod 2 hook face="Times New Roman Star"1 óäî÷êà 2 êðþê face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (KB ) 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"karmuk 2, dial. garmag| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq (IM , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rmo|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)maq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"GarmaG 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarmax 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarbaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarmaq 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, ÝÑÒß 5, 309-310 (usually considered to be derived from *Karba-, but this is phonetically dubious). face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 heron, crane 2 swallow, swift face="Times New Roman Star"1 öàïëÿ, æóðàâëü 2 ëàñòî÷êà face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac?, qarg|ylac? (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"karkara 1, kyrlang|yc?, kyrlyk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarluwac?, qarlug|ac? (Sangl. , Pav. C. , MA ), qarlag|ac? (Houts. ), qarlawuc? (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rqe|re| 1, qe|ldirg|o|c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqira 1, qalg|ac? (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"GaranGus?, Garag|los? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garqara (dial.) 1, Garlava:c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarlag|as, xarlyg|as (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarla:s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|as?, qarylg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaran|ac?c?y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qardyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarylg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|ac?, qarlyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 306-309; Ëåêñèêà 175-176. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòü face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK , KB ) 1, qary- (MK , KB ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA , Abush. ) 1, qary- (MA , Abush. ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman') face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*KArsak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"steppe fox face="Times New Roman Star"ñòåïíàÿ ëèñà face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (IM , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rso|q face="Times New Roman Star"Garsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarhaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 313, Ëåêñèêà 161, TMN 3, 442. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 bandit face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé 2 âñòðå÷àòüñÿ 3 ðàçáîéíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qars?y (OUygh.) 1; qaraqc?y (OUygh.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qars?u (MK , KB ), qars?y (KB ) 1, qaraqc?y (KB ) 3, qaraqla- (MK ) 'to rob' face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C. , Abush. ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qe|re|qc?i 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gars?y- 2; Garaq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xir@s/- 2; xorax 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xar, xa:r 1 (Ïåê. ); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarys- 'to fight (with each other)' face="Times New Roman Star"kar-da 'retaliation', karys- 'to fight' face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqc?y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqs?y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, ÝÑÒß 5, 294-295, 326-327, Àøì. XVI, 219-220, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xir@s/- may actually reflect a different root (see *geru"l/-), or a contamination. Turk. qars?y > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980 , 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)as- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a cask face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàòÿãèâàòü, ñòÿãèâàòü 2 ñêîáà, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ îáîä êîëåñà è åãî äåðåâÿííóþ ÷àñòü 3 øêèâ, ïÿëüöû 4 æåëåçíûé îáîä íà áî÷êå face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qasno|g| (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine' face="Times New Roman Star"GasnaG, GasaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gas- 1, Gasn|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow' face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qa`sta- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qasas- 1, qasqan 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 329-330. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.l/c?y- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to scrape face="Times New Roman Star"ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kas?y- face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- (Abush. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qas?i- face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?y- face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?a- face="Times New Roman Star"xys/- face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyj- face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240, ÝÑÒß 5, 348, Ìóäðàê 98. Turkic is a probable source of MMong qas?i'ur 'scraper' (cf. Chag. qas?ag|u etc., see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 135). face="Times New Roman Star"*KAtyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mule face="Times New Roman Star"ìóë face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"katyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (AH , Houts. , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 242, ÝÑÒß 5, 339-340, TMN 3, No 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khad.ara- 'mule'. Here -d.- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. g|rtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka d. in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -d.- is indeed rendered as -r-: cu:d.a:m. 'stadium' (Av. c?ar@tu-) > OT (Hap. by MK ) c?ura:m 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hard face="Times New Roman Star"òâåðäûé face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"kat (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|tiq face="Times New Roman Star"qetiq face="Times New Roman Star"Gaty face="Times New Roman Star"Gat, Gaty face="Times New Roman Star"xatyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qadyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qatu: face="Times New Roman Star"xydú face="Times New Roman Star"kyta:nax face="Times New Roman Star"kyta:nak face="Times New Roman Star"qa'dyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qatu: face="Times New Roman Star"qatty face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"qatty face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- 'to dry up' (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatyg| also probably has -t- under Mong. influence. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to mix, add, tie to face="Times New Roman Star"ñìåøèâàòü, äîáàâëÿòü face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Sangl. , MA , Pav. C. , Qutb .) face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"Gat- face="Times New Roman Star"Gat- face="Times New Roman Star"xat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"xodús? 'mixture' face="Times New Roman Star"xat- (but kytar- 'to mix') face="Times New Roman Star"kat- face="Times New Roman Star"qa't- face="Times New Roman Star"qa't- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"qat- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 594-595, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 336, 337-338, Stachowski 141, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 373-374. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"layer face="Times New Roman Star"ñëîé face="Times New Roman Star"qat (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qat (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kat face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qat (Houts. , AH , IM , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|t, dial. qe|t face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"Gat face="Times New Roman Star"Gat face="Times New Roman Star"xat face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"xut face="Times New Roman Star"xat 'double, X times' face="Times New Roman Star"kat 'X times' face="Times New Roman Star"qa't face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 335-336, TMN 3, 419, Stachowski 140, Àøì. XVI, 250-255, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 371-372. The original meaning must have been "one of two layers" - as witnessed by the Yak. meaning and by external evidence. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/gan- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for success face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèîáðåòàòü, õðàíèòü, âûèãðûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- (Sangl. , Houts. , Ettuhf. , IM , Pav. C. , MA ), Kypch. qazan- (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- face="Times New Roman Star"xúrg|ún 'ñêóïåö, ñêðÿãà, ñêàðåä' face="Times New Roman Star"xaha:n- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 188-189. face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/guk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pole, peg face="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåê face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kazyk face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziq face="Times New Roman Star"qozuq face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq face="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912 , MNyTESz 2, 387). face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail' face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 3 ðóáàíîê face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (KB ), qazy- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaz- 1,2, kazy- 2, kazag|y 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (AH , Houts. , MA , IM , Pav. C. ) 1, (Pav. C. ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1, qazi- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1,2, Gazy- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. xas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 185-186, Ìóäðàê 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -y- is not quite clear here.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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