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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"k-tel-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"matureface="Times New Roman Star"çðåëûé
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ktel (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jub-gaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bastard, adopted sonface="Times New Roman Star"âíåáðà÷íûé, ïðèåìíûé ñûí
face="Times New Roman Star"juvg|a (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 874, VEWT 209 (erroneously united with juvqa 'soft, weak').
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"youngface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas
face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?face="Times New Roman Star"c?as
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as?



face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?face="Times New Roman Star"c?es?face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jas
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas?
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, jes?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 162, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots; within Turkic hardly distinguishable from *ja:l/ 'green vegetables; green', but historically different).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyl/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to rub, polishface="Times New Roman Star"òåðåòü, ïîëèðîâàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"jys?- (Sib.)





face="Times New Roman Star"c?ys-
face="Times New Roman Star"jys?-















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 202, ÝÑÒß 1, 667.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"songface="Times New Roman Star"ïåñíÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"jyr (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jyrface="Times New Roman Star"z?|yrface="Times New Roman Star"jyr (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ir
face="Times New Roman Star"jyr, jerface="Times New Roman Star"jyr (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyr (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yrface="Times New Roman Star"z?yrface="Times New Roman Star"jyrface="Times New Roman Star"jyrface="Times New Roman Star"zyr, z?|yr, z?yr
face="Times New Roman Star"jyr, irface="Times New Roman Star"z?yrface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rface="Times New Roman Star"jyrface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 201, ÝÑÒß 4, 285, TMN 4, 233. The root should be distinguished from *yr (v. sub *i/ru), although actively contaminating.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jargunface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"some kind of wild quadrupedface="Times New Roman Star"âèä äèêîãî ÷åòâåðîíîãîãîface="Times New Roman Star"jarg|un (Orkh., OUygh.-YB)








face="Times New Roman Star"c?arg|yn '2-year-old bear-cub' (Áîðã.)





face="Times New Roman Star"c?ary 'a producent reindeer'
face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|yn 'a mongrel of a yak and cow'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 963.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jin (/*jyn)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"faecal masses (content of intestines)face="Times New Roman Star"ôåêàëüíûå ìàññû (ñîäåðæèìîå êèøîê)face="Times New Roman Star"jin (jin|) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jin (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en dial.


face="Times New Roman Star"jin, jin|

face="Times New Roman Star"n@n
face="Times New Roman Star"jin, d/in



face="Times New Roman Star"c?in
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|inface="Times New Roman Star"z?yn
face="Times New Roman Star"jen


face="Times New Roman Star"z?in

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 941, VEWT 203, ÝÑÒß 4, 27-28, Ëåêñèêà 148-149.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Apy-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to hide 2 to be cautious 3 caution, precautionsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðÿòàòü 2 áûòü îñòîðîæíûì 3 îñòîðîæíîñòü, ïðåäóñìîòðèòåëüíîñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"aby-, abyt- (MK), abyn- (refl.) (MK) 1



face="Times New Roman Star"abajla-, avajla- (refl.) 1











face="Times New Roman Star"abaj 3face="Times New Roman Star"abajla- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"abajla- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"abajla- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 6, 7, 13.
face="Times New Roman Star"*uryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"male child, sonface="Times New Roman Star"ìàëü÷èê, ñûíface="Times New Roman Star"ury (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ury (MK, KB)












face="Times New Roman Star"urtu:s 'boy' (Ïåê.)


face="Times New Roman Star"urum 'descendants (us. male)'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 197, Ëåêñèêà 315.
face="Times New Roman Star"*satanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"thigh, hipface="Times New Roman Star"áåäðî

face="Times New Roman Star"satan
face="Times New Roman Star"satan (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"satan



face="Times New Roman Star"sodanú 'buttocks, behind'










face="Times New Roman Star"satan

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 405, ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 281, Àøì. XI, 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"peaceface="Times New Roman Star"ìèðface="Times New Roman Star"baz (Orkh.)


face="Times New Roman Star"baz (Qutb, AH)
















face="Times New Roman Star"bad|-a- 'to be shy'face="Times New Roman Star"baz-a-ma 'shelter, secure place'
face="Times New Roman Star"baz; baz-la- 'to comfort, console'


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 388 (together with baz 'an alien'), VEWT 62, 66.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAp ( ? -b)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a turn (to do smth.)face="Times New Roman Star"î÷åðåäü (÷òî-íèáóäü äåëàòü)face="Times New Roman Star"sab (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sab (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 782, VEWT 401 (erroneously united with sap 'handle').
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bootface="Times New Roman Star"áîòèíîê, ñàïîãface="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"edikface="Times New Roman Star"iti>kface="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (Pav. C.), o"tu"k (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) a"dik, o"tik, o"tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"k

face="Times New Roman Star"a":dikface="Times New Roman Star"o"d@k
face="Times New Roman Star"o"du"k
face="Times New Roman Star"adúface="Times New Roman Star"eterbesface="Times New Roman Star"eterbesface="Times New Roman Star"idikface="Times New Roman Star"idikface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"etik



face="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"i:tix, itixface="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 50, VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 319-321, Åãîðîâ 36, Ëåêñèêà 479, Stachowski 48.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bil/c?i-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to stir up, churn (milk, butter)face="Times New Roman Star"ïîìåøèâàòü, âçáèâàòü (ìîëîêî, ìàñëî), ïàõòàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"pes?- (Ñèá., Òóìàøåâà 180)
face="Times New Roman Star"pis?kak 'churn pestle'


face="Times New Roman Star"pis?ek 'churn pestle', -le- 'to churn'



face="Times New Roman Star"p@z/er- 'to hit, beat'face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear'face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear'

face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- / bis?-; bis?kek 'churn-staff for kumis'face="Times New Roman Star"pis-face="Times New Roman Star"piskek 'churn-staff'face="Times New Roman Star"bes?e- 'to churn; to beat', bes?ka"k 'churn-staff'


face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; piskek 'a big churn'

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 309-310, Stachowski 61, Àøì. X, 241-242. In a part of languages the root merges with *bil/c?- "to ripen"; it differs from the latter by its original transitivity and consequent front vocalism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bydyk (*bydn/yk)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"moustacheface="Times New Roman Star"óñû
face="Times New Roman Star"byd|yq (MK), byjyq (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"byjykface="Times New Roman Star"myjyqface="Times New Roman Star"byg|, myg| (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"myjyq (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"byg|face="Times New Roman Star"myjq (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"myjyq
face="Times New Roman Star"mújúxface="Times New Roman Star"bytykface="Times New Roman Star"bytyk

face="Times New Roman Star"myjyq
face="Times New Roman Star"myjyqface="Times New Roman Star"myjyqface="Times New Roman Star"myjyqface="Times New Roman Star"byjyqface="Times New Roman Star"myjyxface="Times New Roman Star"myjyq
face="Times New Roman Star"myjyqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 73, EDT 301, ÝÑÒß 2, 304, Ëåêñèêà 223, Stachowski 71.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to break, tear, demolishface="Times New Roman Star"ëîìàòü, ðâàòü, óíè÷òîæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"u"z- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"z- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"u"z- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u">z-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"uz-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z-, juz-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"u"s-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s-face="Times New Roman Star"hu"s-gu"n-, hiz- (u"zgu"n- < Az.)


face="Times New Roman Star"u"s-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"u">d|-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-
face="Times New Roman Star"uz/-, iz-face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"z-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 279-280, VEWT 524, ÝÑÒß 1, 621-622.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dryface="Times New Roman Star"ñóõîé
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kak, kahface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaq (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qaq
face="Times New Roman Star"Gaxface="Times New Roman Star"qaq

face="Times New Roman Star"qaq





face="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaq


face="Times New Roman Star"qaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 218-220, EDT 608.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"mu"l-du"ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"breastplateface="Times New Roman Star"íàãðóäíèê




face="Times New Roman Star"o.mildiriqface="Times New Roman Star"o"mu"ldu"ru"k











face="Times New Roman Star"o"mu"ldu"ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"mildirik
face="Times New Roman Star"u"melderek





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 530, Ëåêñèêà 553.
face="Times New Roman Star"*amac?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ploughface="Times New Roman Star"ïëóã
face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. amac?
face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|mo|c?face="Times New Roman Star"amac?

face="Times New Roman Star"omac?








face="Times New Roman Star"amac?








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156, TMN 2, 124. Turk. > Pers. a:ma:z?| (see Horn 11 on the lack of Iranian etymology of the Persian word; the derivation in Bailey 326: a:ma:z?| < *ma:tac? is hardly credible), despite Molna/r 2001 (suggesting a different direction); but Chag. (Sangl.) amaz?| is certainly a backloan < Persian. The word is also present in Armen. mac? 'plough handle', where it is most probably < Iranian.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sa:bface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"word, speechface="Times New Roman Star"ñëîâî, ðå÷üface="Times New Roman Star"sab (Orkh.), sav (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sav (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sav
face="Times New Roman Star"sav (AH)



face="Times New Roman Star"sa:v-c?y 'matchmaker', dial. sa:w

face="Times New Roman Star"sabyr (bic?ig) 'áîãàòûðñêîå ïèñüìî'
face="Times New Roman Star"súw|vúw| 'verse, poem'











face="Times New Roman Star"so:z?|i 'matchmaker' (ÑÑß)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 782-783, ÝÑÒß 7, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 20.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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