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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*sib- (*su"b-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin (thread) 2 to pull out fibre 3 thread, fibreface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðÿñòü (íèòêó) 2 âûòÿãèâàòü âîëîêíî 3 íèòü, âîëîêíî

face="Times New Roman Star"su"j-, su"v- (dial.) 1, 2, su"mek, su"ju"m 3




face="Times New Roman Star"su"ma"x (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"su"j- 2, su"mek, su"ju"m 3



face="Times New Roman Star"s@vem (se>vem) 3








face="Times New Roman Star"su"mek 3



face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to spin 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóòèòü 2 îêðóæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (OUygh.) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"en|ir- (Áóä.) 2











face="Times New Roman Star"e:r- 1










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 113, VEWT 37.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to split 2 split, crackface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàññåêàòü, ðàñêàëûâàòü 2 ùåëü, òðåùèíàface="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja(r)- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1, jar-yG 2face="Times New Roman Star"ja:r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar-, d/ar- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/or- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:x (adj.) 'split'face="Times New Roman Star"sar-ka:k (adj.) 'split'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 954-955, VEWT 188-189, ÝÑÒß 4, 135-137, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 139, Stachowski 209. Very widespread are the derivatives *ja:ryk, *ja:rma 'crack, split' (see ÝÑÒß ibid.); Turk. *ja:rym 'half' (ÝÑÒß 4, 147) > Mong. z?|arim, z?|arimduq (KW 470, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ji:r- / *jy:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to split lengthwise 2 to break, tearface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàñùåïëÿòü âäîëü 2 ëîìàòü, ðàçðûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"je/ir- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jir- 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) jir- 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jir-, z?|ir- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jir- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?@r- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"si:r- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?yr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jyr- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jir- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?yr- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jyr- 'to dig through'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 198, EDT 955, ÝÑÒß 4, 203-204.
face="Times New Roman Star"*do"l/e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to spread out (as mat) 2 mat, mattressface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàññòèëàòü (öèíîâêó) 2 öèíîâêà, ïîäñòèëêà, òþôÿêface="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2, (?) to"let 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"to.s?ak 2face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?a"k, c?u"s?a"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"sek 2face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?a"- 1, do"s?a"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?e- 1, du"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"ze- 1, to"zek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"z?e- 1, to"z?ekface="Times New Roman Star"to"z?o"- 1, to"z?o"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z?ek 2

face="Times New Roman Star"do"z?e- 1, do"z?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"'he-n- 1, to"'hek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?o"- 1, to"s?o"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"so"- 1 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 494, 561, 563, VEWT 495, TMN 2, 617, ÝÑÒß 3, 333-335.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ygyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stamp, ram (ground) 2 stamped snow 3 boundary, limit 4 small pathface="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïòàòü, óòàïòûâàòü (çåìëþ) 2 óòîïòàííûé ñíåã 3 ãðàíèöà 4 óçêàÿ òðîïà
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|ru- 1, c?yg|yr 4 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yr 4, 'coomb, trace of an avalanche'face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yr 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yr 'thawed spot' (Sangl.), 'snow stamped by strong wind' (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ijir 'trace'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ir jol 4

face="Times New Roman Star"c?yGyr 3


face="Times New Roman Star"c?yg|yr 'bad road'


face="Times New Roman Star"s?y:r 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?y:r 'spot on snow or ground with many tracks'face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr, c?ijir 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjyr 'stamped'

face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyr-t- 'to stamp snow, grass'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, 107, EDT 409, 410. Cf. perhaps also PT *c?ig- 'to draw a line' (VEWT 110). Turk. > Mong. Khalkha c?ijr 'stamped road', Kalm. c?i:r 'eaten and stamped grass' (KW 443).
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to step 2 to walk 3 step (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"1 øàãàòü 2 õîäèòü 3 øàã

face="Times New Roman Star"adym 3, adym at-, Osm. ad- 1face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3, aty 'step'face="Times New Roman Star"adym (Pav. C.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"o|dim, dial. adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atli- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"adym at- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. a:t-, a":t-, a":t-le- 1, a":dim, dial. a:dym 3face="Times New Roman Star"alta- 1, atyx- 'to jump'
face="Times New Roman Star"alta- 1 (< atla-)
face="Times New Roman Star"odúm 3, ot- 2face="Times New Roman Star"atylla:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"atylla:- 'to jump, hop'

face="Times New Roman Star"atta- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, ad|ym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"a'tla- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, ÝÑÒß 1, 88-89, 322, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 293-294, Stachowski 39.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:ta-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick into 2 nailface="Times New Roman Star"1 âîíçàòü(ñÿ) 2 ãâîçäü

face="Times New Roman Star"kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- (Abush., Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qatag| 2face="Times New Roman Star"GadaG 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gadaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xudav 2 (Anatri)face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kata:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadag| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217-8, ÝÑÒß 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Àøì. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadag|a is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*suk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick in, insert 2 hollow wood, whistleface="Times New Roman Star"1 âòûêàòü, âñòàâëÿòü 2 ïîëàÿ äðåâåñèíà, ñâèñòîêface="Times New Roman Star"suq- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1, suqym 2 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"suq- (Qutb, Houts.)



face="Times New Roman Star"soq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sux- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"uk- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"suq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sug|- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"sug|- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 432, EDT 805, 811.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAdu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick in 2 sting 3 to sewface="Times New Roman Star"1 âòûêàòü 2 æàëî 3 ñøèâàòü ñòðî÷êîé, îòîðà÷èâàòü, âûøèâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qad|u- (MK) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 3, Sib. qajal- 'to be piqued'




face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xaza- 1







face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- 3, qajaw 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 596, ÝÑÒß 5, 180-181. The root should be distinguished from *Ka:ta- 'to stick in, nail' (v. sub *ka:/jta).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"se-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stir with a poker 2 pokerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîìåøèâàòü êî÷åðãîé 2 êî÷åðãà


face="Times New Roman Star"kise|w (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- (AH) 1, ku"segu" (IM) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se|j 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"v 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, kesevi 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zes 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zu":s? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"sek 'lever, stick'

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ze- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"so"- 1, ko"so": 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ket|e|w, ku"d|e|w, ku"t|e|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se- 1, ko"sew 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"sew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 119-121. The regular reflex would be expected as *go"se-; the shape ko"se- is probably due to the influence of *ko":r/ 'glowing coals' (cf. in MK: ko"ze- 'to stir with a poker').
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to strain, filter 2 to swim, float 3 to walk in waterface="Times New Roman Star"1 öåäèòü, ôèëüòðîâàòü 2 ïëàâàòü 3 õîäèòü â âîäåface="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, su"zu"l- 2face="Times New Roman Star"so"z- 1, (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1 (AH, Pav. C.), 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"suz- 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"si:z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s@r- 1, "to catch fish by a drag-net"

face="Times New Roman Star"su"s- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"hu">d|- 1face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"su"z- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 861, ÝÑÒß 4, 261; 7; VEWT 420 (the root should be distinguished from *syr/- 'to ooze', q. v. sub *s?i_u>r/u), Ëåêñèêà 411, Àøì. XI, 311-312, 314, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 44-45. The meanings 'to strain, filter' and 'to swim, float' go back to a common meaning '*to flow' (additionally the semantic development > 'swim' could have been influenced by *ju"r/- 'to swim' q. v. sub *ni_u/r/e). Bulg. > Hung. szu?r- 'to ooze', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 812-813.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steelface="Times New Roman Star"1 âûñåêàòü îãîíü 2 êðåìåíü, îãíèâîface="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun'face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Ëåêñèêà 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Ôåäîòîâ 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison.
face="Times New Roman Star"*det-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to strive, exert 2 bold, hero 3 clever, reasonable 4 cheerful, vigorousface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðàòüñÿ, íàïðÿãàòü ñèëû, ñîïðîòèâëÿòüñÿ 2 ñìåëûé, ãåðîé 3 óìíûé, ðàçóìíûé, ëîâêèé 4 áîäðûéface="Times New Roman Star"tetik (OUygh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"tet-, tetin- (MK) 1, tetik, teti-l- 'to become clever' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"didin- 1, tetik 3face="Times New Roman Star"ta"ti 'good' (nursery word)face="Times New Roman Star"tetik (Abush., Sangl.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"tetik 4face="Times New Roman Star"tetik 4

face="Times New Roman Star"teta":rik 'support, help' (?)face="Times New Roman Star"t@t@n- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tidim 2, tedu" 'satisfied, sorrowless'

face="Times New Roman Star"tetia"nex 4
face="Times New Roman Star"didin- 1, didim 2face="Times New Roman Star"titim 2face="Times New Roman Star"tetik 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ta"ta"j 'good thing' (nursery word)
face="Times New Roman Star"didin- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"tetek 'pleasure'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 476, EDT 450, 455, 456, ÝÑÒß 3, 218. Cf. perhaps also Kaz. etc. tetik "device, mechanism", Tat., Bashk. ta"te '(gun's) cock', Gag. tetik 'id.; virgin's hymen', KKalp. tetik 'mechanism, essence', Az. ta"tig 'trigger'. Some forms reveal secondary assimilatory devoicing.
face="Times New Roman Star"*emge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer, be tortured 2 bother, worry, painsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü, ïîäâåðãàòüñÿ ïûòêàì 2 õëîïîòû, ìó÷åíèå, òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"emge- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"emge- 1, emgek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"emen- 1, emek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- (AH, Pav. C.) 1, emgek (AH, Abush.), emek (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. emge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. e|mge|n- 1, e|mge|k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ma"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"aman- 1, amak 'illness'face="Times New Roman Star"emek 'decrepit'
face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 'chronic illness'
face="Times New Roman Star"emgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 2face="Times New Roman Star"embek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2

face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 159, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 272-275, 25-26. Turk. > Mong. emge- (Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer 2 to be abashed, distressed 4 colic 5 to grizzle, slug 6 (birth) pains, labours 7 impatience 8 drag, disturbance 9 flaw, fault 10 obtuse, absent-minded 11 to torture, offendface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü 2 ðàñòåðÿòüñÿ, ïðèéòè â çàìåøàòåëüñòâî 4 êîëèêà 5 êàïðèçíè÷àòü, íåæèòüñÿ 6 ïîòóãè, ðîäîâûå ñõâàòêè 7 íåòåðïåíèå 8 îáóçà, ïîìåõà 9 óïóùåíèå, ïðîìàõ 10 ðàññåÿííûé, áåñòîëêîâûé 11 ìó÷èòü, îáèæàòüface="Times New Roman Star"enegu" 4 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"enc?ik- 'to lose feelings' (MK, KB), enegu" 4 (MK), enit- (AH) 2face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, enz?|e-le- 5face="Times New Roman Star"entu"k- 1face="Times New Roman Star"entik- 1face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|ik 6
face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 6, enc?ik 7face="Times New Roman Star"i.nz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"andúx- 1, 7, anzux 'dumb, sclerotic person'face="Times New Roman Star"enn'e-lik 8, enc?i 9


face="Times New Roman Star"ente-le- 2, entik- 'to suffer from dyspnoea', eno": 10
face="Times New Roman Star"enew 4face="Times New Roman Star"intek- 1, inte- 11face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"enz?|ek 'newborn'face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|yt-, inc?it- 11 (T)

face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 174, 184, ÝÑÒß 1, 283, Åãîðîâ 29. Doerfer (Khal.) suggests Arabic origin, which is quite improbable. Vowel length is suggested by the voiced -z?|- of the suffix in several languages.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n/- ( ? -j-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer, grieve 2 to regret 3 to envy 4 to be angry 5 to offend 6 grief, sorrowface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü, ãîðåâàòü 2 æàëåòü 3 çàâèäîâàòü 4 ãíåâàòüñÿ 5 îáèæàòü 6 ïå÷àëü
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- ? ko"j-: ko"n|li ku"ju"p 'with pain in one's heart' (MK), ku"j- 4 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ju"-, ko"jen- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kuj-, kujin- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j-, ko"ju"n- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"go"jna"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-du"r- 5, ku"ju"n- 3face="Times New Roman Star"(jirek) kie_n- 1face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|v@s/- 3



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-, ku"ju"n- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-, ku"jin- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-, ku"ju"n- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1, ko"jo"no"s 6face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-, ku"ju"n- 1, ku"ju"k 'envious'

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j-, ku"jin- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"j- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 726. In all languages the root is completely homonymous with the reflexes of *ko"n/- 'to burn' (v. sub *k`u\n/e), which throws doubts on its etymological independence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*di:re-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to support 2 supportface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäïåðåòü 2 ïîäïîðêàface="Times New Roman Star"tirek 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1 (MK), tirek 2 (Tefs., IM)face="Times New Roman Star"dire- 1, direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"tera"- 1, tera"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tira- 1, tirak 2face="Times New Roman Star"tira"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dira"- 1, dira"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"di:re- 1, di:rek 2face="Times New Roman Star"t@re- 1, t@reg 2


face="Times New Roman Star"c?arak 2face="Times New Roman Star"tira":-, tirex 2


face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirek 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirew 2face="Times New Roman Star"tera"- 1, tera"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"direk 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tir@k 2 (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"tire- 1, tirew 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 533, 543, TMN 2, 655, ÝÑÒß 3, 237-239, Åãîðîâ 317, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 392.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kun-da-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to swaddle 2 swaddlingclothesface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåëåíàòü 2 ïåëåíêè

face="Times New Roman Star"kundak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qontyq 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qondaq 2 (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"qu.ndo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qondaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"GundaG 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gunda- 1, Gundaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qyndaq 2





face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyndaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qunnaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, ÝÑÒß 6, 144-146.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"p-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell 2 foamface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàáóõàòü 2 ïåíàface="Times New Roman Star"ko"pik, ko"pu"k (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pu"r- (MK) 1, ko"pu"k (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pu"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ku.p- (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pik 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|búw|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"j- 'pop up, float on the surface'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'vu"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'pu"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"go"p- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 689, 691, VEWT 291, ÝÑÒß 5, 108-111, Stachowski 154.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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