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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*sogra- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to search (through) 2 to ask face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáûñêèâàòü 2 ñïðàøèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"sog|rut- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sora- 1, sorag|aq 'search, perquisition' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?yra- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 816. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 466-467 derives the Chuv. form < *so:r(a)- 'ask' (v. sub *so:/ra ), but the initial s?- remains unclear in both cases. Because of this, and because of the Hapax nature of the OT form the it is actually not quite clear whether the root *sogra- exists at all. An argument in its favour is the semantic match between OT and Chagatai and the resulting semantic distinction (*'search (through)') from *so:r(a)- 'ask'. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ady- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sew, sew together 2 leather belt face="Times New Roman Star"1 øèòü, ñøèâàòü 2 êîæàíûé ïîÿñ face="Times New Roman Star"qad|u- 1, qad|ys? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kajis? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja- 1, Gajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xatys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219, TMN 3, 408, EDT 596, 607, ÝÑÒß 5, 199, 218, Ëåêñèêà 386. face="Times New Roman Star"*bile- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sharpen 2 whetstone face="Times New Roman Star"1 òî÷èòü 2 òî÷èëüíûé êàìåíü face="Times New Roman Star"bile- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bele|w 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1,bilew 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bila"- (Jarr. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lo"v, bilo"v 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bilev 2 face="Times New Roman Star"p@lo" 2 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"pile 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bilu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|lev 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bili- (Castr. - Soj.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lo" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bilew 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bilew 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bela"w 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1, bilew 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1, bila" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1, bu"lew 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bile- 1, bilew 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 142-143, EDT 332-333 (< *bi 'blade', denom. - but Turkm. shortness contradicts this derivation). Turk. *bile-gu" > Mong. *bile-g|u" id., see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 106. face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shave 2 to tear off, scrape off face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðèòü 2 ñðûâàòü, ñîñêðåáàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ju"li- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jo"le- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l-me- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"su"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hu"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"l-, u"lu"-, ili- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 213, ÝÑÒß 4, 216 (confused with *jol- q. v. sub *n/o>\lo ), Stachowski 115. face="Times New Roman Star"*jar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shine 2 to dawn 3 light 4 candle face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâåòèòü 2 ðàññâåòàòü 3 ñâåò 4 ñâå÷à face="Times New Roman Star"jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryk 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryq 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jary- (AH ), jaru- (Abush. ) 1, jaruq 3 (Áîð. Áàä. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|ri- 1, jo|rug| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"joru- 1, joruq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaryq 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ary- 1, c?aryx 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-, c?ary- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jar-, d/ary- 1, d/aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"s/or-da 4 face="Times New Roman Star"sara:- 2 (but also syrda:-) face="Times New Roman Star"hyrda:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?yry- 1, c?aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar-, z?|ary- 1, z?|aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaryq 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jary- 1, jaryq, jaryx 3 face="Times New Roman Star"z?aryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jarux 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jaryq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 956, 962, 963, ÝÑÒß 4, 134-135, VEWT 189 (there are hardly reasons to consider the Chuv. word a borrowing), Ôåäîòîâ 2, 145, Stachowski 119. Turk. (Bulg.?) > Hung. gyertya 'candle', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieve face="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK ), ele- 1 (IM ), elek 2 (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2 face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324) face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 114). face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing (of birds) 2 to say 3 to ask, request face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåòü (î ïòèöàõ) 2 ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü 3 ïðîñèòü face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 (OUygh.), o"tu"n- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1, o"tu"n- 3 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"ten- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"avút- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"edi- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 556, 557-558, EDT 39, 62, Åãîðîâ 21, Stachowski 48. The Chuv. form is somewhat aberrant phonetically: it is possible that the actual Chuv. reflex of this root is vit@n- `to ask' - while Chuv. avút- (together with avtan, atan `cock', Tat. a"ta"c? `cock') goes back to a separate PT root *ebt-, possibly going back to PA *ip`i (?-p-,-e) `to say, speak' q. v. face="Times New Roman Star"*jaj- **AD face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing 2 to make noise 3 noise face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåñåëèòüñÿ 2 øóì face="Times New Roman Star"jo|jla- 'íàñëàæäàòüñÿ, âåñåëèòüñÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- 'âåñåëèòüñÿ, ðåçâèòüñÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"Ôåäîòîâ 2 129 **AD. Ëó÷øå âûêèíóòü. Íàñëàæäàòüñÿ - îáû÷íàÿ ïðîèçâîäíîñòü îò ïðîâîäèòü ëåòî (íà ÿéëàó - òàì ïðîõëàäíî è ìóõ ìàëî, ÷àñòî ðàçâèâàåò ýòó ñåì-êó), øóì - ñì. 600. face="Times New Roman Star"*bat- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 to fit into, get into face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòüñÿ 2 ïîïàäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|t- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat-, pat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pot- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 2, batary 'into, deep into' face="Times New Roman Star"batary 'into, deep into' face="Times New Roman Star"ba't- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ba't- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bat- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 298, VEWT 65, ÝÑÒß 2, 78-80, TMN 2, 230-231, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 455, Stachowski 55. face="Times New Roman Star"*da:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sink 2 ocean face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòü(ñÿ) 2 ìîðå, îêåàí face="Times New Roman Star"taluj 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tal- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal-, dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"da:l- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tal- (Castr. ) `swim' face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dal- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 133-134 (to be separated from *Tal- `to faint'); EDT 502 (the Chinese etymology of OT taluj seems hardly plausible: the compound MC da^\j-lwi is not attested, and we would expect *Tajluj, not *Taluj anyway). face="Times New Roman Star"*KEdir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to skin (a sheep) 2 to scrape on a washboard (while washing) face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáäèðàòü (îâöó) 2 øàðêàòü ïðè ñòèðêå áåëüÿ î áåëüåâóþ äîñêó face="Times New Roman Star"ked|ir- 1, ked|r-il- (pass.), ked|r-is?- (coop.), ked|r-im 'skinned meat' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kidire- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 705. Yak. kedere:n 'scraper' is rather < Mong., see Ëåêñèêà 380. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kob- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to slander 2 conjuration, exorcism face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëåâåòàòü 2 çàêëèíàíèå face="Times New Roman Star"qovla- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qovuz, qovuc? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kovu, kovy (dial.) 'slander' face="Times New Roman Star"qov 'slander' (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"xobula:- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 17-18, EDT 584, Clark 1977 , 147. Turk. > WMong. qob 'gossip' (KW 181), whence again Oyr. qop etc. (VEWT 281). Despite EDT 584, hardly connected with *Kob- 'to chase' (v. sub *go>\be\ ). face="Times New Roman Star"*saj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to slander, lie 2 slander, lie face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëåâåòàòü, ëãàòü 2 êëåâåòà, ëîæü face="Times New Roman Star"sajig| 'delirium' face="Times New Roman Star"sajg|a- 1, sajg|ax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sajg|aq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"soj- 1, soj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"saj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 395, ÝÑÒß 7, Àøì. XI, 160. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:j- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to slide 2 to swim 3 skis face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêîëüçèòü 2 ïëàâàòü 3 ëûæè face="Times New Roman Star"kaj-, dial. kajp- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:j- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xajyhar 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kan/yhar, ka:n/yhar, xa:har 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xaj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qajpy- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, ÝÑÒß 5, 197-198, Stachowski 137 (nasalization in Dolg. is unclear). face="Times New Roman Star"*tu"t-u"n, *tu"t-su"g face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to smoke 2 smoke face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûìèòü 2 äûì face="Times New Roman Star"tu"t(e)-1, tu"tu"n, tu"tsu"g 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"t(e)- 1 (KB ), tu"te-t- caus. (1), tu"tu"n, tu"tsu"g 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"t- 1, tu"tu"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"ta"- 1, to"ten 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tsi 2 (Sangl. ), tu"tu"n 2 (MKypch. - Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tutun 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"n 'tobacco' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"t- 1, tutun 'tobacco' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"stu" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 1, tu"sse 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"de- 1, tu"du"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"du"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"du"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"titi- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"t@w|d@w|m 2 face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"skek 'haze'; du"du"- 'to rot, mould' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"- (ÔèË 177 du"du"-) 'to rot, mould' face="Times New Roman Star"tu"to"- 1, tu"tu"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 1, tutin 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 1, tu"tin 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to"ta"- 1, to"to"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"t- 1, tu"tu"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 1, tutun 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te- 1, to"ten 2 face="Times New Roman Star"cu"cyn, tyssy 2 (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"n 2 face="Times New Roman Star"PT *tu"t-u"n, *tu"t-su"g - derivations from *tu"t(e)- 'to smoke'. See VEWT 507, EDT 452, 457-8, 461, TMN 2, 605, Ëåêñèêà 364-365. The Tuva-Tof. verb meaning 'to rot' may belong here as well, though the absence of pharyngealization in Tof. is strange. face="Times New Roman Star"*jap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to smooth, level 2 flat face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûðàâíèâàòü, ñãëàæèâàòü 2 ïëîñêèé face="Times New Roman Star"japur- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"japilaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japyG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?y`pyt 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|apalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"japalaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 16-17, 130, EDT 879. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH , IM , Pav. C. , Qutb ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374. face="Times New Roman Star"*a:d- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sober up 2 sober, conscious face="Times New Roman Star"1 òðåçâåòü 2 òðåçâûé, ñîçíàòåëüíûé face="Times New Roman Star"adyn- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ad|yl- (MK ,KB ), ad|yn- (MK , KB ) 1, ad|yg| (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyl-, dial. aj(yh)-, Osm. ajyn- 1, ajyk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ajyl- 1, ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyl- (Sangl. ) 1, ajyq (Houts. , Pav. C. , IM ) 2, ajyg| (IM , Qutb ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyl- 1, ajyG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a:jyl- 1, dial. ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyg| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"orúl- 1, orú 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyq- 1, ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyq- 1, ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ajyq- 1, ajyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 113-114, EDT 46, 61, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 285. face="Times New Roman Star"*ek- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sow 2 to scatter face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñåÿòü 2 ðàçáðàñûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ek- (Late OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- (MK , KB ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ik- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- (Abush. , Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"a"k- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ha"k- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ak- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ik- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ek- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ex- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, ÝÑÒß 1, 251-252. Turk. > Hung. eke 'plough' (< *a"ka"g|), see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*kele- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to speak 2 talk, conversation face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîâîðèòü 2 ðå÷ü, ñëîâî face="Times New Roman Star"kele-c?u" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kelez?|i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 2 (Houts. ), kelec?e 2 (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"kala- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?-so"z 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ÝÑÒß 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977 , 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. ka"lma" 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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