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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:kaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bullface="Times New Roman Star"áûêface="Times New Roman Star"buqa (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"buqa (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"boaface="Times New Roman Star"bug|a (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"bug|a (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"buqaface="Times New Roman Star"bug|a, buqaface="Times New Roman Star"puqaface="Times New Roman Star"buGaface="Times New Roman Star"buGaface="Times New Roman Star"pug|aface="Times New Roman Star"pug|aface="Times New Roman Star"buqa

face="Times New Roman Star"buga
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"buxaface="Times New Roman Star"buqaface="Times New Roman Star"buqaface="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"bug|a, buaface="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"bug|a
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 87, EDT 312, ÝÑÒß 2, 230-232, Sinor 1962, 320-321, Ëåêñèêà 437. Turk. > Mong. buqa (see TMN 2, 299, Ùåðáàê 1997, 110), whence Evk. buka etc. (see TMN ibid., Poppe 1966, 194, Doerfer MT 99). Turk. > Hung. bika, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bokakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"crop, crawface="Times New Roman Star"çîá
face="Times New Roman Star"boqaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ak
face="Times New Roman Star"boqag|u (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"buqo|qface="Times New Roman Star"poqaq
face="Times New Roman Star"buxaGface="Times New Roman Star"buqawface="Times New Roman Star"pog|o
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oq

face="Times New Roman Star"mog|ox


face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oqface="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|aqface="Times New Roman Star"bog|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aq
face="Times New Roman Star"bug|aqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 79, TMN 2, 349, ÝÑÒß 2, 202, Ëåêñèêà 150.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burc?akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bean, peaface="Times New Roman Star"áîáû, ãîðîõface="Times New Roman Star"burc?aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"burc?aq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"burc?akface="Times New Roman Star"borc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"burc?aq (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"burc?o|qface="Times New Roman Star"poc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"pyrc?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"burc?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"myrc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"myrc?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"púw|rz/a, p@w|rz/e



face="Times New Roman Star"[bu:rc?aq < Mong.]face="Times New Roman Star"burs?aqface="Times New Roman Star"burs?aqface="Times New Roman Star"borsaqface="Times New Roman Star"burc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"borc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"burc?axface="Times New Roman Star"burs?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"burc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 357, VEWT 89, ÝÑÒß 2, 275-277. Turk. > WMong. burc?ag, Kalm. burc@g (KW 62, see TMN 2, 281, Ùåðáàê 1997, 110). Chuv. > Mari pursa; Bulg. > Hung. borso/, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"rc?e / *bu"rgeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fleaface="Times New Roman Star"áëîõà
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge (MK, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"pireface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rc?e|face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge (MA, Pav. C., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"burgaface="Times New Roman Star"bu"rga"
face="Times New Roman Star"pira"face="Times New Roman Star"bu"re



face="Times New Roman Star"púw|rz/a



face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgo"face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge, bu"rs?e (dial.), burs?a (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rs?eface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rsa"face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?eface="Times New Roman Star"pireface="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?eface="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?eface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 362, VEWT 92, ÝÑÒß 2, 298-299, Ëåêñèêà 182-183. The Kypch. form *bu"rc?e is a diminutive.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"rku"tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 aquila fulva 2 eagleface="Times New Roman Star"1 áåðêóò 2 îðåë


face="Times New Roman Star"bu">rki>t 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"burgut 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgu"t 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t, mu"rku"t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"p@rg@t 1

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgu"t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t 1face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rki>t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bu">rku">t 2


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rkit 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 300, Ëåêñèêà 169, TMN 2, 331-333. Turk. > Mong. bu"rgu"d 'eagle', Russ. áåðêóò. As suggested in ÝÑÒß the original stem may have been *bu"r- (preserved in Kaz., KKalp. bu"r- 'to grasp prey (of an eagle)').
face="Times New Roman Star"*burguface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 trumpet 2 pipe (of a plant)face="Times New Roman Star"1 òðóáà 2 òðóáêà (ðàñòåíèÿ)face="Times New Roman Star"burg|u 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"borg|uj (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"boru 1face="Times New Roman Star"byrg|y (Tob.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"burg|u 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"burg|u 1
face="Times New Roman Star"pyra 1face="Times New Roman Star"boru 1
face="Times New Roman Star"pyrg|y 1, 2, myrg|y 1face="Times New Roman Star"pyrg|y 1

face="Times New Roman Star"púrúx 1

face="Times New Roman Star"murg|u 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"murg|u 1, 2


face="Times New Roman Star"borg|o 1face="Times New Roman Star"byrg|y 1face="Times New Roman Star"boru 1face="Times New Roman Star"bory 1

face="Times New Roman Star"byrg|y 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 361, TMN 2, 286, ÝÑÒß 2, 194-195. Turk. > Mong. : Khalkha burguj 'wire for pipe cleaning', Bur. burgy 'drill'. Turk. > Russ. Siber. borga (Àíèêèí 134-135).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"r/- / *bu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to wrinkleface="Times New Roman Star"ìîðùèòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (MK, KB), bu"z- (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (dial.), bu"z-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"r-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"buris?-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"(r)-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"z-, bu"ru"s?-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-, bu"z-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"r-


face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|r-



face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"r-

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"s?-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"s?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 92, EDT 355, ÝÑÒß 2, 294-296 (contaminates with *bu"r- 'to cover'). Åãîðîâ 157, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 421.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo":rkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hat, capface="Times New Roman Star"øàïêà, ãîëîâíàÿ ïîâÿçêàface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (OUygh. - Lig. VSOu)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk, (dial.) bu"rk, po"rkface="Times New Roman Star"bu"rekface="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"k (MA), bo"rk (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu.rkface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rkface="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"k, perikface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo":rikface="Times New Roman Star"po"r@kface="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"bo"ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"bo"^k (KhM), birga"k
face="Times New Roman Star"bergeheface="Times New Roman Star"bergeheface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rtface="Times New Roman Star"bo"'rtface="Times New Roman Star"bo"ru"kface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rikface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rkface="Times New Roman Star"bu"rkface="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk
face="Times New Roman Star"ba"rik (H), b'ork (T)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rik
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rkface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 362, VEWT 84, TMN 2, 289, ÝÑÒß 2, 221-223, Ëåêñèêà 482, Stachowski 58. In Tuva, Tof. *-rk > rt is regular. Reconstruction of length is not quite certain: Turkm. length is not confirmed by Khalaj and contradicts pharyngealization in Tofalar. Turk. > WMong. bu"rgu", Kalm. bu"rg@ (KW 67), Khalkha bu"rx (although theoretically this may as well be an indigenous derivative of bu"ru"-, cf. similar Turkic forms: Tur. dial. bu"r-me, bu"r-gu" 'headgear').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"ru"-, *bu"r-ke-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to cover upface="Times New Roman Star"ïîêðûâàòü, çàêðûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"n- 'to be covered' (MK, KB), bu"rkek 'cloudy', bu"rku"r- 'to become cloudy' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"- (also of clouds), bu"rge, bu"rgu" 'kerchief, thin curtain'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rke|-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (MA, Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"burka-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"(r)ka"-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"re-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-
face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"j- 'to become cloudy'face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"k 'cloudy'face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge- (also of clouds)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rhu"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rko"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rka"-n- 'to be covered', bo"rko"u" 'stifling'
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (also of clouds)face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 363, 367, ÄÒÑ 133, VEWT 92, ÝÑÒß 2, 296-298, Stachowski 68. The form in -ke- is an intensive and can hardly be regarded as a mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*burun (*buryn)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 front part 3 beforeface="Times New Roman Star"1 íîñ 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 ïåðåä, âïåðåäèface="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 3 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"boryn 1face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 3 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"p'uryn 3face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"purun 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"purnu, (Âåðá.) purun 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"burun 3face="Times New Roman Star"buryn 1
face="Times New Roman Star"murun 1face="Times New Roman Star"munnu 1face="Times New Roman Star"murnu 2face="Times New Roman Star"murnu 2face="Times New Roman Star"murun 1face="Times New Roman Star"muryn 1face="Times New Roman Star"buryn 1face="Times New Roman Star"moron 1, boron 3face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"burnu 1face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"muryn 1face="Times New Roman Star"purny 1face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 90, EDT 366-367, ÝÑÒß 2, 269-273, Ëåêñèêà 214-215, Stachowski 182. Cf. *bur- 'to smell' (VEWT 89).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bur-ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 dust 2 smoke 3 to curl (of smoke) 4 to choke (in smoke) 5 to blow (of a snow-storm) 6 to produce smoke puffs 7 sootface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïûëü 2 äûì 3 êëóáèòüñÿ (î äûìå) 4 çàäûõàòüñÿ (â äûìó) 5 ìåñòè (î âüþãå) 6 ïóñêàòü äûì êëóáàìè 7 ñàæà




face="Times New Roman Star"buruq-sa- 3face="Times New Roman Star"burux-t-un bolmaq 4

face="Times New Roman Star"buruG-sa- 3face="Times New Roman Star"pyr 1, pyryn 7, pur-la- 3, purg|un-na- 5face="Times New Roman Star"pyryn 7


face="Times New Roman Star"buruo (< *burug) 2face="Times New Roman Star"buruo 2

face="Times New Roman Star"buruq-su- 3, bur et- 3, bura-t- 6








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 89, Stachowski 67. The stem interacts with the derivatives of *bur- 'to stink, smell' and *bur- 'to twist'- see ÝÑÒß 2, 268-271.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bol/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"free, emptyface="Times New Roman Star"ñâîáîäíûé, ïóñòîéface="Times New Roman Star"bos? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bos? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bus?face="Times New Roman Star"bos? (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu.s?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos, posface="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"posface="Times New Roman Star"posface="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"poz?úface="Times New Roman Star"bosxo (*bos?-ka)face="Times New Roman Star"bosko 'a little'face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bo's?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bosface="Times New Roman Star"bosface="Times New Roman Star"bus?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?, bosface="Times New Roman Star"bosface="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"bos?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 376, VEWT 82, ÝÑÒß 2, 203-204, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 126, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 457, Stachowski 63. The Chuv. form has a regular reflex, presupposing a final vowel. Turk. *bol/a-n- > bos?an- > Mong. busani- 'become empty, poor' (KW 63); *bol/-u-g 'permission' > Mong. bos?ug| (Clark 1980, 41).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:ta-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut branches 2 branch 3 nailface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñðåçàòü âåòâè 2 âåòâü 3 ãâîçäüface="Times New Roman Star"butyq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"butyq, butaq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budak 2face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1 (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) buda- 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, buto|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq
face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaG 2face="Times New Roman Star"pu:da- 1, pu:daq 2face="Times New Roman Star"pydyra- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"(buta 'bush' - a backloan from Pers.?)face="Times New Roman Star"púw|da 3face="Times New Roman Star"byta:- 1, butuk 2 (Ïåê.); muta:- 1, mutuk 2face="Times New Roman Star"mutuk 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu'duq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butanaq 2 (buta 'bush' < Iran.)face="Times New Roman Star"byta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"pu/u:tax 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 301, 302, VEWT 90, TMN 2, 330, Ëåêñèêà 103, Stachowski 183. Turk. > WMong. butaq 'branch' (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 111) (but Mong. buta can be hardly explained as a loan).
face="Times New Roman Star"*botkaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gruel, porridgeface="Times New Roman Star"êàøà


face="Times New Roman Star"botqaface="Times New Roman Star"OKypch. butg|a (At-Tuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu.tqaface="Times New Roman Star"botqa


face="Times New Roman Star"potxy
face="Times New Roman Star"botqo
face="Times New Roman Star"púw|dúw|face="Times New Roman Star"butug|as
face="Times New Roman Star"botqa (Krg.)
face="Times New Roman Star"botqoface="Times New Roman Star"botqaface="Times New Roman Star"botqaface="Times New Roman Star"butqa


face="Times New Roman Star"botqa

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, ÝÑÒß 2, 201. There seems to have existed a deriving verb *bot- or *bod- (*but-, *bud-) 'to stir (porridge)', reflected only in Yak. butuj-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bor/ ( ? o:)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"greyface="Times New Roman Star"ñåðûéface="Times New Roman Star"boz (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"boz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"bu"zface="Times New Roman Star"boz (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu.zface="Times New Roman Star"boz, bosface="Times New Roman Star"pozface="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"boz

face="Times New Roman Star"bos





face="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"bud|face="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"boz, bo:z
face="Times New Roman Star"boz
face="Times New Roman Star"bozface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 388, VEWT 82, TMN 2, 335, ÝÑÒß 2, 171-173, Ëåêñèêà 605. Turk. > Old Russ. bosyj, dial. bu/syj, buso/j, see Àíèêèí 147 (with lit.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bur/a-guface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"calfface="Times New Roman Star"òåëåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"buzag|u (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"buzag|u (MK, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"buzag|u; dial. buza- 'to bear a calf', Osm. buza-la- 'id.'face="Times New Roman Star"byzawface="Times New Roman Star"buzag|u, buzag|, buzaw (Sangl., MA, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"buzo|qface="Times New Roman Star"mozaj
face="Times New Roman Star"byzovface="Times New Roman Star"buzawface="Times New Roman Star"pyzoface="Times New Roman Star"puza (R)face="Times New Roman Star"byza
face="Times New Roman Star"púw|ru

face="Times New Roman Star"byza:
face="Times New Roman Star"muzo:face="Times New Roman Star"buzauface="Times New Roman Star"buzawface="Times New Roman Star"byd|awface="Times New Roman Star"buzowface="Times New Roman Star"buza:face="Times New Roman Star"byzuv, buzuvface="Times New Roman Star"buzawface="Times New Roman Star"puzo, pu:zy (ÑÑß 457)face="Times New Roman Star"buzawface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 391, VEWT 74-5, ÝÑÒß 2, 239-242, Ëåêñèêà 438-439. Bulg. *bur@w|u > Hung. borju/, see MNyTESz 1, 345-346. The derivation from *bor/ 'grey' and assumption of borrowing Turk. *bur/agu > Mong. birag|u (Ùåðáàê 1997, 108) is hardly plausible.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?akyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"light grey, greyish blueface="Times New Roman Star"ñâåòëî-ñåðûé, ñåðîâàòî-ãîëóáîé
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr (MK, Tefs.) (of eyes)face="Times New Roman Star"c?akyrface="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr (of eyes)face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ir-qano|t 'a white-eyed dunbird, íûðîê áåëîãëàçûé'face="Times New Roman Star"c?eqir (of eyes)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'dried in the sun, bleached'


face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'yellow'




face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', s?egir 'grey (of eyes)'face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'colourless (of eyes)'face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'whitish'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr 'variegated'face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egir (of eyes)

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Ôåäîòîâ 2 387. Despite Fedotov c?okur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. c?obkur (v. sub *s?op`e/). Despite Ra"sa"nen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. c?akyr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. c?akyr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. c?ekir, Kaz. s?egir, KKalp. s?egir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. c?akir / c?ekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. c?an|qyr, Chuv. senker, Yak. c?en|gir, z?|en|gir, Kirgh. c?enkil, c?an|yl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tsem. 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zanga:r 'verdigris', whence Tat. za"n|ga"r (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *za:'to leave, remain', Sak. ysa:ya" 'rust', Osset. zga", see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC chien| 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Aj-na-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to chew 2 to biteface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåâàòü 2 êóñàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ne-, c?ejne- 1 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jne|- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejna"- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejne- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"dajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"sa"jna"- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:ne- 1face="Times New Roman Star"cajna-, c?ajna-, c?ejne- 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene-, c?a"ina"- 1 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Ðàñ. ÔèË 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ad(b)anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"scorpionface="Times New Roman Star"ñêîðïèîí
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ad|an (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan 'ñêîëîïåíäðà'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, (R, Áóä. - Kas.) c?ejban 'millipede'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan (Abush., Sangl.), c?iban (R - Calc. Wb., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajo|nface="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan

face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja:n








face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajanface="Times New Roman Star"s?ajanface="Times New Roman Star"s?ajanface="Times New Roman Star"sajan


face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, EDT 403, Ëåêñèêà 64, 184-185. Turk. > Kalm. caj@ `crayfish' (?), see Ùåðáàê 1997, 111.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ekinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"different weed kindsface="Times New Roman Star"ðàçëè÷íûå âèäû ñîðíûõ òðàâ
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin / c?ekin 'a plant growing among the vines and eaten by cattle' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|ke|n 'corn cob' (< Chuv.?)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekin 'greens, grass; a weed on rice fields, with black seeds and sharp awns' (Pav. C., Sangl.), c?ekil-dam 'tulip bulb; a root similar to wild garlic' (Pav. C., for dam cf. Uzb. dam 'pungency, bitterness' < Pers.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?akalak 'bush thicket' (or perhaps to PT *c?eke-t?)



face="Times New Roman Star"s@gen 'dry grass'


face="Times New Roman Star"c?akan 'reedmace'



face="Times New Roman Star"c?eken 'ðîãîç øèðîêîëèñòûé'

face="Times New Roman Star"se|ke|n 'corn cob' ( < Chuv.?)


face="Times New Roman Star"s?igin 'weed growing on rice fields, êóðèíîå ïðîñî', s?igildik 'reed'

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 111, EDT 415, Ðàñ. ÔèË 277, Åãîðîâ 316. Chuv. c?akan, despite Äìèòðèåâà 1997, 52-53 and Ro/na-Tas, is not connected with *jeken 'reed' (v. sub *de/k`a\). Cf. other grass names: Chuv. c?iken kurúk@ 'geranium' (according to Àøì., grass helping from colics - Äìèòðèåâà 1997, 56); s/ikka kurúk@ 'camomile' (according to Àøì. it hosts a plantlouse, to summon which the children say "s/ikka!" - Äìèòðèåâà 1988, 51); Uygh. c?iga" 'plant fibre, wild hemp (VEWT), Yak. sige 'òàëüíèêîâûå ñòðóæêè, ëûêî'. Tuva sigen 'hay' (Tuva), (Tof. 'grass') has an irregular s-, so perhaps should be regarded as borrowed from Khak.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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