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face="Times New Roman Star"*apa (*appa)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fatherface="Times New Roman Star"îòåöface="Times New Roman Star"apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors'face="Times New Roman Star"apa (MK) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB) 'ancestor'face="Times New Roman Star"abaface="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"awaface="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"aba 'father, bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"oba 'bear'

face="Times New Roman Star"ava
face="Times New Roman Star"aba

face="Times New Roman Star"apa (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"appa, aba


face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Kakuk), aba, apa (ÑÑß)
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, VEWT 1, ÝÑÒß 1, 54-58, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 281, Ëåêñèêà 305, Àíèêèí 71. Ñf. also *ba:pa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. ba:ba etc., see ÝÑÒß 2, 10-13, Ëåêñèêà 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination.
face="Times New Roman Star"*y, *y-(n/)gac?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"treeface="Times New Roman Star"1 äåðåâî 2 ëåñface="Times New Roman Star"yg|ac? (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|ac? (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|az?| (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo|g|o|c? 1face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"jig|as? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"aGac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"hag|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"jyvús/ 1face="Times New Roman Star"mas 1face="Times New Roman Star"mas 1face="Times New Roman Star"yjas? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"n/e|s? 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yg|ac? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:c? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac?, -c 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|as? 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac?, -s? 1 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ac? 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 7, ÝÑÒß 1, 71-73, TMN 2, 73f, EDT 79-80, Åãîðîâ 83, Ëåêñèêà 104, Stachowski 176. The form contains perhaps PT *y 'bush, tree' as the first component (for OT y see EDT 1), cf. the OT combination y yg|ac?; but the second element is yet unclear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iagyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"heavyface="Times New Roman Star"òÿæåëûéface="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yrface="Times New Roman Star"awyrface="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|irface="Times New Roman Star"eg|ir
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yrface="Times New Roman Star"aGyrface="Times New Roman Star"a:r

face="Times New Roman Star"ag|i:.rface="Times New Roman Star"jyvúrface="Times New Roman Star"yarface="Times New Roman Star"yara-kanface="Times New Roman Star"a:rface="Times New Roman Star"a:rface="Times New Roman Star"o:rface="Times New Roman Star"awyr
face="Times New Roman Star"awyrface="Times New Roman Star"awur

face="Times New Roman Star"awyrface="Times New Roman Star"ag|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, EDT 88-9, ÝÑÒß 1, 85-87, Åãîðîâ 82-83, Ëåêñèêà 338-339, Stachowski 258.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Agyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 mouth 2 lip, lips 3 mouth of a river, of a cleftface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðîò 2 ãóáà, ãóáû 3 óñòüå ðåêè, óùåëüÿface="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz (Orkh.) 3, ag|yz, ag|az (OUygh.) 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awyz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|iz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"eg|iz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|ys 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"a:s, axsy (3 P.) 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"aqsy 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"o:s 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"vúw|rúw|, urú-lú 3face="Times New Roman Star"uos 2face="Times New Roman Star"uos 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:s, aqsy (3 P.) 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"a:s, aqsy (3 P.) 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ooz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awyz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awyz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awyd| 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awud| 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"a:s 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"awyz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yz 1face="Times New Roman Star"awuz 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, EDT 98, ÝÑÒß 1, 81-83, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 115, Ëåêñèêà 224-225, Stachowski 245.
face="Times New Roman Star"*adakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"footface="Times New Roman Star"íîãàface="Times New Roman Star"adaq (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ad|aq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ajakface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaq (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|jo|qface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"azaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaGface="Times New Roman Star"ajaGface="Times New Roman Star"azaxface="Times New Roman Star"azaqface="Times New Roman Star"ad/aqface="Times New Roman Star"hada:q, hadaqface="Times New Roman Star"oraface="Times New Roman Star"ataqface="Times New Roman Star"atakface="Times New Roman Star"adaq 'bottom part'face="Times New Roman Star"adaq 'ñîøêè; íèæíÿÿ ÷àñòü'face="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"ajaxface="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"aja(:)x|face="Times New Roman Star"ajaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5, EDT 45, ÝÑÒß 1, 103-105, Ëåêñèêà 288, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 283, Stachowski 38.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to takeface="Times New Roman Star"áðàòüface="Times New Roman Star"al- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"al- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"il-face="Times New Roman Star"yl-face="Times New Roman Star"yl-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 124-125, VEWT 14-15, ÝÑÒß 1, 127-128, Åãîðîâ 68, Ëåêñèêà 336, 337, Stachowski 259.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:laface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"variegatedface="Times New Roman Star"ïåñòðûéface="Times New Roman Star"ala (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ala (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"o|laface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"a:laface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"hala-bulaface="Times New Roman Star"olaface="Times New Roman Star"ala
face="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"ala-z?|aface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126, VEWT 15, ÝÑÒß 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 274, Ëåêñèêà 607.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 front 2 forehead 3 in front of 4 towards the front offace="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåä 2 ëîá 3 âïåðåäè, ñïåðåäè 4 âïåðåäface="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), alyn 1, 2; 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"aly 1 (Abush.), alny-da 'in the presence of' (Abush.), aldy (Babur) 3face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-d-i 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajl, aldi 1, al-dyn 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alym, alyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:lyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1, alyn-da 3face="Times New Roman Star"aldy, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"ha:nl(y), ha:ll 2face="Times New Roman Star"om 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face, mountain slope'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-da 3, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, aldy 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, ally 1, al-da 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"anny 2face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 (K), alyn 1 (T, H)face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"aldy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-dan 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121, 147; VEWT 14 (should be distinguished from *al- 'below'), TMN 2, 120, ÝÑÒß 1, 124-125, 146, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 280, Ëåêñèêà 198-199. See EDT 121 commenting on the absence of early attestation of the suffixless form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.)face="Times New Roman Star"òîò (îñíîâà êîñâ. ïàäåæåé) 2 âîò, òóòface="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), an|-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), on|-a (dat.) (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) (Babur)

face="Times New Roman Star"a (nom.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-g|aa (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), o-(g|)o (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"a"/ra" 'that side' (vocalism under influence of ba"/ra" 'this side')face="Times New Roman Star"on-da (loc.), úw|n-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"ana-ra: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)

face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta, an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-g|a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-dy (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 19, EDT 165, ÝÑÒß 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:r-tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 back 2 mountain passface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñïèíà, çàäíÿÿ ñòîðîíà; 2 ïåðåâàëface="Times New Roman Star"art 1, 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"art 1, 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"art (-dy) 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1 (Pav. C.), 2 (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|rt 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"ard; art 1face="Times New Roman Star"ard 1face="Times New Roman Star"a:rt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"artyg| 'shoal'face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"ha:rt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a:rtyk 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a'rt 1face="Times New Roman Star"a'rt 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"a:rd 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"ard/i 1face="Times New Roman Star"art 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 200-201, VEWT 26-27, ÝÑÒß 1, 179-180.
face="Times New Roman Star"*arpaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"barleyface="Times New Roman Star"ÿ÷ìåíüface="Times New Roman Star"arpa (OUygh.), abra (late OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"arpa (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpa (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"a(r)pa
face="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arba
face="Times New Roman Star"arbaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"orba



face="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"arfa (ÑÑß 292)face="Times New Roman Star"arpaface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 198, VEWT 27, ÝÑÒß 1, 176-177, TMN 2, 24, Ëåêñèêà 460, Åãîðîâ 27, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 286. Turk. > Hung. a/rpa, see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>rkaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"backface="Times New Roman Star"ñïèíà, çàäíÿÿ ñòîðîíàface="Times New Roman Star"arqa (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"arqa (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"arkaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqa (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|rqaface="Times New Roman Star"a(r)qaface="Times New Roman Star"arqa, harqaface="Times New Roman Star"arxaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arg|aface="Times New Roman Star"arg|aface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqà (arxa < Az.)face="Times New Roman Star"org|a-lúx 'saddle strips'face="Times New Roman Star"arg|a:, arg|a-sface="Times New Roman Star"arga-la:- 'to turn one's back towards smb.'face="Times New Roman Star"a'rg|a 'mountain forest'
face="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arqa, arxaface="Times New Roman Star"arqaface="Times New Roman Star"arx|a, arGa (ÑÑß 292, 293)face="Times New Roman Star"arqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 200-201, 215, VEWT 26-27, ÝÑÒß 1, 174-175, 179-180, Ëåêñèêà 267-268, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 288, Stachowski 36.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a>l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 seed, cereals, crops; 2 graft, 3 vaccine, 4 pus (primarily - as a material for vaccinacion?) 5 tanning matter, 6 starchface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñåìÿ, çëàêè, çåðíîâûå 2 ïðèâîé 3 âàêöèíà 4 ãíîé (ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî - êàê ïðèâèâêà?) 5 äóáèëüíîå âåùåñòâî 6 êðàõìàë
face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1 (as?lyq taryg| o"nar 'crops spring') (MK; IM)face="Times New Roman Star"as?y 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1, as? 1, 4 dial. (Sib., ÊÑÒÒ 107), as?-la- 'to starch'face="Times New Roman Star"as?i 2 (Pav. C.), 'pollen' (Zenker I 56)face="Times New Roman Star"o|s? 5, o|s?-liq 1face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1, as?-la- 'to tan'
face="Times New Roman Star"as?, as?y 3, 5face="Times New Roman Star"as?-Gar 5face="Times New Roman Star"as 1, as-ta-n- 'to beware of a disease' ('to vaccinate oneself'?)face="Times New Roman Star"as? 1face="Times New Roman Star"as? 1

face="Times New Roman Star"as 4, as, ahylyk 'fruit of some wild plants, berry'face="Times New Roman Star"ahylyk 'berry'

face="Times New Roman Star"as? 'fruit of some wild plants, berry', as?tyq 1, as?a- 'to tan'face="Times New Roman Star"astyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"as 'a grain, a seed', aslyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"as?lyq 1, as?la- 'to graft', dial. as? 'pus' (Áhh III 26)face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1, as?-u"gu" 'one of cereal cultures'face="Times New Roman Star"has?-la- 'to plant out seedlings; to graft; to vaccinate'face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1, as?-la- 'to graft'
face="Times New Roman Star"as?-lyq 1 (ÑÑß 296)face="Times New Roman Star"as? 1 (Càòûá. 73), as?-la- 'to pollinate; to tan'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30, ÝÑÒß 1, 211-212, 216, Stachowski 29. A lot of etymological confusion here. Forms meaning 'to tan, tanning matter; starch' may be either borrowed from Persian or, rather, derived from *(i)al/ 'meal' (v. sub *i_ol/e), see Ëåêñèêà 378. The latter root, due to its phonetic similarity (or even identity) has in general influenced the present one: 'cereals' are influenced by 'porridge' and *(i)al/-la- 'to graft, to pollinate' by *(i)al/-la- 'to fertilize' ( = 'to feed'). It seems nevertheless impossible to unite them completely.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to step 2 to walk 3 step (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"1 øàãàòü 2 õîäèòü 3 øàã

face="Times New Roman Star"adym 3, adym at-, Osm. ad- 1face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3, aty 'step'face="Times New Roman Star"adym (Pav. C.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"o|dim, dial. adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atli- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"adym at- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. a:t-, a":t-, a":t-le- 1, a":dim, dial. a:dym 3face="Times New Roman Star"alta- 1, atyx- 'to jump'
face="Times New Roman Star"alta- 1 (< atla-)
face="Times New Roman Star"odúm 3, ot- 2face="Times New Roman Star"atylla:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"atylla:- 'to jump, hop'

face="Times New Roman Star"atta- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, ad|ym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"atla- 1, adym 3face="Times New Roman Star"a'tla- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, ÝÑÒß 1, 88-89, 322, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 293-294, Stachowski 39.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"nameface="Times New Roman Star"èìÿface="Times New Roman Star"at (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"at (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"adface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"at (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|t, dial. (Namangan) a"tface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"adface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"jatface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"at, (ady)face="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"adface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"a:tface="Times New Roman Star"atface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30-1, EDT 32-3, ÝÑÒß 1, 198-199, Åãîðîâ 355, Stachowski 41-42.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ia:c?y-gface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bitter, acidface="Times New Roman Star"ãîðüêèé, êèñëûéface="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"az?|yface="Times New Roman Star"ac?yface="Times New Roman Star"ac?y (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?i, o|c?c?i (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"az?|yface="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|y, a:z?|yg|

face="Times New Roman Star"ac?uface="Times New Roman Star"ha:c?ug|, ha:c?uqface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z/@face="Times New Roman Star"ahy:face="Times New Roman Star"ahy:face="Times New Roman Star"az?yg|face="Times New Roman Star"az?|yg|
face="Times New Roman Star"as?s?yface="Times New Roman Star"as?yface="Times New Roman Star"asyface="Times New Roman Star"ac?yface="Times New Roman Star"az?|iface="Times New Roman Star"az?|y, ac?yface="Times New Roman Star"as?s?yface="Times New Roman Star"a:z?|yface="Times New Roman Star"ac?c?yface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 89-93, Åãîðîâ 82, Ìóäðàê 115, Stachowski 30. In most languages also attested as a verbal stem *ia:c?y- 'to become bitter, sour'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*etface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"meatface="Times New Roman Star"ìÿñîface="Times New Roman Star"et (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"et (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"et (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"tface="Times New Roman Star"jehtface="Times New Roman Star"a"tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"t ( < Az.?)face="Times New Roman Star"u"tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"e'tface="Times New Roman Star"e'tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"jet'face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"htface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, EDT 33, ÝÑÒß 1, 311-312, Ëåêñèêà 455, Stachowski 48.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r-kekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 man 2 husband 3 maleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóæ÷èíà 2 ìóæ 3 ñàìåö
face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"irke|k 3
face="Times New Roman Star"erkak 1

face="Times New Roman Star"erka"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"hi.rka"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irgex 3face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3face="Times New Roman Star"i'rxek 3face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"irka"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"rkex 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ÝÑÒß 1, 297-298, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 303, 561, Åãîðîâ 30, Stachowski 46, 128. We follow Clauson (EDT 223-4) in separating *e:r from *e.r-kek.
face="Times New Roman Star"*biagyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"liverface="Times New Roman Star"ïå÷åíüface="Times New Roman Star"bag|yr (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bag|yr (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bag|yr 'breast, bosom'face="Times New Roman Star"bawyrface="Times New Roman Star"bag|yr (Áîð. Áàä., MA)
face="Times New Roman Star"beg|irface="Times New Roman Star"bag|yrface="Times New Roman Star"bag|yrface="Times New Roman Star"baGyrface="Times New Roman Star"pa:r


face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|verface="Times New Roman Star"byarface="Times New Roman Star"byar 'belly; liver'face="Times New Roman Star"ba:rface="Times New Roman Star"ba:rface="Times New Roman Star"bo:rface="Times New Roman Star"bawyrface="Times New Roman Star"bawyrface="Times New Roman Star"bawyrface="Times New Roman Star"bawur
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|yrface="Times New Roman Star"bawyrface="Times New Roman Star"bag|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 55, EDT 317, ÝÑÒß 2, 17-19, 22-23, Ëåêñèêà 278, Stachowski 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ba:la, *ba:l-dyr/, *ba:la-panface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 young animal, nestling, 2 child 3 a man's wife's younger sister 4 younger relativeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìîëîäîå æèâîòíîå, ïòåíåö, 2 ðåáåíîê 3 ìëàäøàÿ ñåñòðà æåíû 4 ìëàäøèé ðîäñòâåííèêface="Times New Roman Star"baldyz (OUygh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1 (MK), baldyz 3 (MK); baldyr 'step-son, step-daughter' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2, baldyz 3, balaban 'falcon' (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2, baldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2 (Abush., Áîð. Áàä.), baldyz 3 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"bo|la 1, 2, bo|ldiz 3, palapan 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"myla, mle 2face="Times New Roman Star"bala, balaG 1, 2, baldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"ba:la 1, 2, ba:ldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"pala 2, pasty 3face="Times New Roman Star"pala 2, pasty 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2, passy 3 (Tel., R)face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2face="Times New Roman Star"poldúr 3, 4 (As?. IX 282)face="Times New Roman Star"balys 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"balys 3, 4

face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2, baldyz 3, balapan 1 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2, baldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2, baldyd| 3; belekej 'small'face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2face="Times New Roman Star"baldysqa 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2, baldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 2, baldyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bala 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 332, 334, VEWT 59, 60, ÝÑÒß 2, 47-50, 53-54, Ëåêñèêà 71, 306-307, 312, Stachowski 51, 52. Turk. > Kalm. baldr. (KW 30). Khak. pasty < *bazly < *balzy with metathesis.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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