face="Times New Roman Star"abus?qa, awucqa 1 dial. (Sib.)
face="Times New Roman Star"abus?qa, avus?qa 4 (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"apsax, apc?ax, Koib. abysqa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"aps?yj 1, aps?aq 'bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"aps?yjaq 1; 'bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"obas?ka
face="Times New Roman Star"as?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"as?yn/aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1 dial.
face="Times New Roman Star"abys?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 60-61, EDT 6, Егоров 274-275, Федотов II 282, Аникин 72. Chuv. is not quite regular and may be an early loanword from Tat. Formally the Turk. word may be derived from *aba 'elder in the mother's line' (+ dimin. -c?).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 cheek-pouch, inside of the mouth 2 gum 3 mouthful, gulp 4 cheek 5 molar 6 to take a mouthful, swallow
face="Times New Roman Star"1 внутренняя полость рта 2 десна 3 глоток 4 щека 5 коренной зуб 6 глотать
face="Times New Roman Star"a[vurt] (?adurt) (OUygh., late med. texts TT II)
face="Times New Roman Star"avurt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"urt 2
face="Times New Roman Star"awurt (Sangl.) 3, (MKypch.) og|urt, owurt 1, 3 (Houts., Ettuhf.)
face="Times New Roman Star"urt (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"howurt (dial.) 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"o:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"o:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"u:rt 'throat', u:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"urъlъ, dial. vъw|rlъw| 5 (Ашм. V 320)
face="Times New Roman Star"omurt 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"a:rt-a- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"u:rt
face="Times New Roman Star"urt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uwyrt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"urt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uwurt 4
face="Times New Roman Star"aurt 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"urt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uvurt 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 65, ЭСТЯ 1, 407-409, Лексика 225-226, Мудрак 115. The Old Uyghur form is poorly readable, so -d|- is dubious. Yak. -m- is irregular: could it be a trace of PA *umV 'drink', otherwise lost in Turkic?
face="Times New Roman Star"1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 father
face="Times New Roman Star"1 старый мужчина или женщина 2 мать 3 бабушка 4 сестра (женщины) 5 мать (при живой бабушке) 5 мать (обр. к пожилой женщине) 6 тетя, сестра отца 7 старший брат 8 дядя 9 предок 10 Отче! (обр. к Богу) 11 старик, пожилой человек 12 муж 13 младший брат деда 14 дед 15 отец
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 7, 8 (Orkh.), ec?u" 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 1 (MK), ec?u" 10 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|u (dial.), ez?|e 11
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a, az?|i, e|z?|i 5 (dial., ТТДС 22, 551), azyj, e|zi 11, 15 (dial., ТТДС 23, 540)
face="Times New Roman Star"o|c?a, ac?a 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 6
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y 4, ac?a 12, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"Leb. az?|y, az?|a 7, ac?a 13
face="Times New Roman Star"az/a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"as?'a, az?|a 7, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?aj 5, az?|a 11
face="Times New Roman Star"a"sa" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|aj 5, ec?iw 6
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 35, ЭСТЯ 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Егоров 35, Лексика 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -z?|- are probably due to expressive gemination (*ac?c?V / *ec?c?V).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 precious gift; wellbeing 2 to tend, make comfortable, be favourable 3 to pity, have compassion
face="Times New Roman Star"1 драгоценный дар; благосостояние 2 быть благоприятным, благосклонным, ухаживать 3 жалеть, иметь сострадание
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?yg| 1, ac?yn- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ahyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 22, 29, ЭСТЯ 1, 92 (together with *ia:c?y- 'bitter'), Stachowski 29. Turk. > WMong. ac?ug| 'wages, rent' (L 8). In modern languages the root tends to be confused with *ia:c?y- 'bitter, bitterness' (v. sub *p`i_a:/c?`o), thus the Oghuz voicing may be a result of secondary contamination and not due to original vowel length; but the two roots are rather well distinguished in Old Turkic, see EDT ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"adas? (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ad|as? (MK, KB), ajas? (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"atas
face="Times New Roman Star"ajas?
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adal/ < (compound) at-dal/ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *atal/ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form attas? is attested since MTurk.: attas? 'namesake' (Tefs.), adas? 'namesake' (Chag. Sangl.), atas? 'namesake' (CCum.) - and contaminates with *adal/. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ЭСТЯ I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a'das?ky-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes"; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adal/ is Chuv. ural-a-s?- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'.
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2 (in ajaba:n 'remorseless')
face="Times New Roman Star"oja- 'to care'
face="Times New Roman Star"aj 'well'
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"aja- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10-11, EDT 267-8, ЭСТЯ 1, 101-102, Федотов 2, 298. Deriving *aja- 'to respect, esteem' from *aj 'fear' (VEWT 11) is hardly plausible. Clauson (EDT 182) thinks that OUygh. ajy 'very' is an unusually early example of the elision of -g in an/yg| 'evil', which means 'very' in many OUygh. texts, but this is hardly plausible phonetically; so it may belong here, together with Khak. aj 'very' (although the final narrow y is a problem). Sevortyan relates here also SUygh. ajyg| 'good omen, good luck', but this may be a reflex of OUygh., Karakh. ajyq 'vow, promise' (EDT 270).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to say 2 to prescribe, tell 3 to ask, demand 4 to concern
face="Times New Roman Star"1 говорить 2 указывать, предписывать 3 просить 4 касаться ч.-л.
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 3 (OUygh.), ajy- 1 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"aj-, ajyt- 1 (MK), ajyt- 3 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ait- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"e|jt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"aj(y)t- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ejt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1 (dial.), ajyt- 'sing'
face="Times New Roman Star"ha:j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"yjt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"yj- 2, yjyt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyt- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a"jt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 99-100, 111-112, Егоров 342, EDT 268-9, Stachowski 259. PT *a.jyt- is derived from *a.j- 'to point out, prescribe'. Before the 11th c. it had only a causative meaning; the meaning 'say, tell' developed later.