Uralic etymology : Query result

Number: 142

Proto: *ićä

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: father

German meaning: Vater

Finnish: isä 'Vater', iso 'Vater, Väterchen', ? iso 'groß an Fläche, weit'

Estonian: isa 'Vater'

Saam (Lapp): æč, æčče (N), jiečče (jea) (T), ehč (ejj) (Not.), jēč (ječča), eč (ečče) (A)

Mordovian: oćä (M) 'Vaterbruder, der älter ist als der Vater', oću 'groß' (?)

Mari (Cheremis): ǝzä (KB), iza (U), iźa (M) 'älterer Bruder; jüngerer Bruder des Vaters', iza (B) 'älterer Bruder'

Mansi (Vogul): ǟś (KU P) 'Vater der Mutter'

Hungarian: ős (dial. ös, ösi) 'Ahn, der Urahne, Vorfahr, Vorvater; uralt; (altung.) Großvater'

Nenets (Yurak): nīśe 'Vater' (O)

Enets (Yen): äδǟ (Ch.), eδe (K.)

Nganasan (Tawgi): jase (gen. jaje)

Selkup: ɛ̂s (Ta.), as (Ke.), êhê, êχ (N)

Sammalahti's version: FU *is'ä

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Note Finn iso 'big, large' and Mord. Mks. oc'u 'big' - really related to the words meaning 'father' etc.? In Mord., o- corresponding to FB *i- is attested in some over cases (factors causing its appearance are being cleared up now).

References: FUV; SKES; Budenz MUSz. 857; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Beitr. 161, 237; Collinder Comp.Gr. 377

Number: 143

Proto: *ićä (*üćä)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: few, small

German meaning: wenig, klein

Estonian: üsa 'Weniges', üsaga 'bei Wenigem, wenig zur Zeit', ei üsagi 'gar nichts'

Mari (Cheremis): izi (KB U), iźe (M), ize (B) 'klein'

Udmurt (Votyak): ič́i (S), ići (G) 'wenig', ič́i-meń (S), ići-meń (G) 'junge Frau; Schwägerin; Braut'

Komi (Zyrian): ić-aj (I) 'Stiefvater', ić-iń (V) 'Stiefmutter', ić-moń (S), ić-mo^.ń (P) 'junge Frau, Schwiegertochter', ići-pi (PO) 'Schwager, Mannesbruder', iće̮t (S), uće̮t (P), u̇ćø^.t (PO) 'klein'

Mansi (Vogul): ǖ͔š́ (= wūć od. üwć od. üć?) (TJ), wiś (KU), iś (P) 'klein', uś ēŋk (LO) 'младшая золовка'

Hungarian: *(w)üc'

Proto-Samoyed: *ücä

Addenda: Vgl. Sk. ča? Wahrscheinlich auch rejected Sam, vgl. auch Sam \*ücä.

K. Reshetnikov's notes: The Mansi word may be a Komi loan, but at present we have no decisive arguments in favour of this assumption. In Samoyed, *üsä would be expected. However, we may deal with a specific reflexation of Ur. *-c'- connected with the presence of an adjacent labial vowel (in Samoyed, similar phenomena are observed in several other examples). On the other hand, cf. also Lapp N (Friis) ucce 'parvus, exiguus' (Paas. Beitr. 160, Setälä FUF 2:229 etc., quoted also by Lytkin in ИВПЯ 179) with *-c- (although geminate) normally corresponding to Samoyed *-c-; still the comparison with Lapp is unreliable because of irregular vocalism (the Lapp form should be checked - note its scarse attestation as well as a possibility of other etymological relations).

References: FUV; КЭСКЯ; Paas. Beitr. 160-161FUV; Collinder Comp. Gr. 178, 414; ИВПЯ 179; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek... 150

Number: 144

Proto: *iće ~ *iśe

English meaning: shadow; shadow soul

German meaning: Schatten; Schattenseele

Finnish: itse 'selbst'

Estonian: ise 'selbst; eigen, besonder'

Saam (Lapp): ieš ~ jieš, (du., pl.) ieǯâ ~ jieǯâ (N) 'himself, self-', ietj (L) 'selbst, selber', jičče, pl. jiǯ (T), īčč (Kld.), jiehč, jehč (Not.), īč (A) 'selbst, sich, sein'

Mordovian: eś, äś (E), eś (M) 'selbst, selber, eigen'

Mari (Cheremis): ǝške, ške (KB), ǝ̑ške, ške (U), iške (M) 'selbst, eigen', ške (B) 'selbst'

Komi (Zyrian): aći̮m (S P), a^.ćim (PO)

Khanty (Ostyak): i̮л-ēs (J) 'Schattenseele', is (Kr.) 'Seele, Geist', is-χȯ̆r (O) 'Schattenbild; Gespenst'

Mansi (Vogul): jisú-k`ørø (T) 'der Name einer unruhig umherirrenden Seele', jiw-is (LM) 'der Schatten des Baumes', isk_oar (KM), isχor (So.) 'Schattengestalt; Schattenseele des lebenden Menschen; Geist', is (So.) 'der wirkliche, im Sonnenschein sichtbare Schatten des Menschen; Geist'

Hungarian: ísz, isz, iz (dial.) 'Brand (Krankheit), Krebs; eine böse Krankheit des Zahnfleisches; ein seelischer zwingender Grund, wahrscheinlich einer von den Bösen' ?, is (dial. ës, és, ēs) 'auch', ? és, s 'und'

Sammalahti's version: *ii/is'/c'i

Yukaghir parallels: eʒie, iʒie 'selbst; oneself'

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TeSz.; Paas. Beitr. 168, 172; Collinder, JukUr. 73; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage... 70, 127

Number: 145

Proto: *ičV-

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to press

German meaning: drücken, pressen, drängen

Mordovian: iče- 'kneten'

Mari (Cheremis): jǝ̑še- (JU), iše- (U) 'drücken, bedrängen', iš- (B) 'pressen, drücken'

Udmurt (Votyak): iški̮- (NyK) 'теребить (лен); рвать (цветы); щипать', i̮čki̮-, ị̑škị̑- 'abreißen'

Komi (Zyrian): i̮čki̮- 'mähen'

Khanty (Ostyak): iš- (DN, Kr.) 'drücken, schieben, treiben, drängen', is- (O), ĭš- 'beschädigen', ĭš- (Kaz.) 'id.; in seinen Magen stopfen'

References: FUV; DEWO 5; Paas. Beitr. 262; Stein.FgrVok. 60; Collinder Comp.Gr. 390

Number: 146

Proto: *ike(-ńe, -ne)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: palate; gums

German meaning: Gaumen; Zahnfleisch

Finnish: ien (gen. ikenen) 'Zahnfleisch'

Estonian: ige (gen. igeme) 'Gaumen', pl. igemed 'Zahnfleisch'

Udmurt (Votyak): aŋ (S K) 'Zahnfleisch, Gaumen' ?

Komi (Zyrian): an, piń-an (S) 'Zahnfleisch', an (Pr.) 'id., Gaumenn'

Hungarian: íny (dial. én, ény, in, ín) 'id.; Gaumen; Geschmack; (altung.) Rachen; Kinnbacken, Kiefer'

Sammalahti's version: FU *i/eki/äni

K. Redei's notes: *ik3n

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Despite Rédei, the Ob-Ugric form belongs here (not to the etymological group listed in URAET 44); for its semantics ('chin') cf. the meaning 'jaw' alongside with 'gum' in Hun. In spite of semantics of Permic *aŋ 'gum, palate', I would reject Rédei's hypothesis that it is also a reflex of the FU word in question, but phonetically influenced by Permic *aŋ 'jaw' (apparently belonging to the etymology presented in URAET 683); the situation seems to be simpler - we can suppose that the Permic word meaning 'gum, palate' is historically identic with *aŋ 'jaw', being a result of a secondary semantical development (cf. the semantical correlation observed in Ugric).

References: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 818; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Stein. Fgr.Vok. 61

Number: 147

Proto: *ikte (*ükte)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: one

German meaning: ein, eins

Finnish: yksi (gen. yhden) 'einer, ein'

Estonian: üks (gen. ühe) 'ein, eins'

Saam (Lapp): ǫk'tâ ~ âk'tâ -vt- 'one, single' (N), akta (L) 'einer, eine, eines', akt (T), øχt, øvt (Kld. Not. A) 'ein, derselbe'

Mordovian: vejke, viJkä, väJkä (E), fkä, ifkä (M) 'ein'

Mari (Cheremis): ik' (KB U B adj.), iktǝ, iktǝt (KB), ikte, iktǝ̑t (U B) (noun)

Udmurt (Votyak): odi̮g, og (S), odik, ok (K), odị̑g, odig, og (G) 'ein, einzig'; ukmi̮s (S), ukmǝ̑s (K), ukmị̑s (G) 'neun'

Komi (Zyrian): e̮t-pi̮r (S P), ȯt-pør (PO) 'einmal, einst', e̮t́i, e̮t́ik (S), e̮ti̮k, e̮ti^.k (P) 'ein, einer', ȯ^.tik (PO) 'ein'; e̮kmi̮s 'neun'

Mansi (Vogul): ük (TJ), äk_o (KU), äk (P), ak_oa (So.) 'ein'

Sammalahti's version: FP *ükti

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; MUSz. 769; Orbán G. A finnugor nyelvek számnevei, Bratislava 1932; Collinder IUrSprg. 10, JukUr. 104; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek... 216

Number: 148

Proto: *ilma

English meaning: sky, weather; god

German meaning: Himmel, Wetter; Gott

Finnish: ilma 'Luftkreis, Luft; Wind; Wetter, Witterung' ( > Saam. N il'bme -lm- 'world; air')

Estonian: ilm (gen. ilma) 'Welt; Wetter, Witterung'

Saam (Lapp): âl'bme -lm- (N) 'heaven, sky; heavy snowfall', al'mē (L), a_ilme (T), a_ilm (Kld.), ø_ilm (Not. A) 'Himmel (A auch Welt)'

Udmurt (Votyak): in (inm-) (S), iń (ińm-) (K) 'Luft; Himmel', in (inm-) (G) 'Himmel', inmar 'Gott'

Komi (Zyrian): jen (jenm-) (S P) 'Gott; Himmel', jen (je^.nm-) 'Gott')

Khanty (Ostyak): itǝm (Ko.) 'Welt, Himmelsstrich', ilǝm (O) 'trübe, wölkig (Tag); Witterung', jeлǝm (Kaz. folk.) 'Welt, Himmelsstrich' ( > Mansi N jēlǝm), num-itǝm (Ko.), num-ilǝm (O) 'Himmel, Himmelsgott'

Mansi (Vogul): jelėm, jēlǝm, ēlm (LU), ilėm (LM), ēlėm (N) 'Wetter, Luft'

Sammalahti's version: *ilma

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Cf. Finn Ilmari(nen) 'god of heaven' and Udm. inmar 'god' - reflexes of an old derivative?

References: FUV; MUSz. 785; Donn. VglWb. 1:107, 2:31; SKES; ИВПЯ 135

Number: 149

Proto: *ilV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: evening

German meaning: Abend

Finnish: ilta 'Abend'

Mordovian: iĺät́ 'abends; Abend'

Khanty (Ostyak): itȧj (DN), ilȧ (O) 'Abend'

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Rédei doesn't accept the comparison with the Finn word: he rejects Collinder's hypothesis (presented in FUV) that historically il-ta is a partitive form of a word *ile-, which, in its turn, makes him repudiate this Finn etymology itself. However, even if Rédei is right denying the idea about the partitive, his final conclusion is premature, since the Finn word in question still may be a result of some derivational processes (cf., on the other hand, -t' in the Mord. cognate, which, true, is deemed to be identic with a productive temporal suffix).

References: FUV

Number: 150

Proto: *ime-

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to suck

German meaning: saugen

Finnish: ime- 'saugen'

Estonian: ime-

Khanty (Ostyak): em- (V DN)

Hungarian: em- (altung.) 'saugen', emlő 'Brust, Zitze'

Nenets (Yurak): ńimńe-, ŋaḿā- (O)

Nganasan (Tawgi): ńimiri-

Selkup: ńem- (Ty.)

Kamass: ńimēr-, emēr-

Addenda: Mot. нюмнiямъ 'грудь сосу' ?; Taig. nímu

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Lallwort (Rédei) - not obvious! Alongside with the forms listed in SAMDET 54 (which don't correspond to each other in regard to vocalism - see Notes in the above-mentioned record), we have also an etymological group reflecting Proto-Sam. *n'im- (and *n'im-ǝjr-) 'to suck' (see SAMDET 55), which may be related to Lapp *n'эmэ- 'to suck' (> N njâmmâ-, Not. n'imme-, Ter n'i̊mmi̊-, Kld. n'i̊mme-) and Komi Pm. n'imȧv- 'id.', thus going back to Ur. *n'im- (the Lapp-Komi parallel - without the Proto-Lapp reconstruction - is noted in UEW, and it is correctly kept apart from the Ur. stem 'to suck' having no initial *n'-). This situation is complicated by the circumstance that the North Sam. forms with *n'- (listed by me under Proto-Sam. *n'im-) may, in fact, still belong to Ur. */i/m-, the initial nasal being due to a prothesis regular for North Sam. (let's stress that it is only the North Sam. material that is characterized by such unambiguity). Note the presence of parallel forms apparently presenting two different Proto-Sam. stems - in particular, Kms. emēr- 'to suck' and n'imēr- 'id.'. In UEW, the Sam. reflexes of Ur. */i/m- and *n'im- are erroneously united under *ime-.

Yukaghir parallels: ibi 'saugen; to suck'

References: FUV; SKES; MUSz. 781; EtSz.; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Collinder JukUr. 77

Number: 151

Proto: *imV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: old woman, grandmother

German meaning: alte Frau, Grossmutter

Saam (Lapp): ibme -m- (N) 'wife of paternal or maternal uncle', ipmē (L) 'die Frau des Oheims', ì̮mm^e (Ko. P), ė'mm^e (Not.) 'Frau des Vaterbruders od. Onkels'

Khanty (Ostyak): imi (V) 'altes Weib; Mutter des Vaters od. der Mutter', imǝ (DN) 'alte Frau, Greisin', imi (O) 'Mutter des Mannes (als Anrede)'

Nganasan (Tawgi): imid́i 'бабушка; Großmutter'

Selkup: ima (Ta.), ĕma (OM) 'старуха, баба'. emá, ĕ^.ma (N) 'Eheweib'

Janhunen's version: (106) *imi (/?*n'imi)

Sammalahti's version: *imi-

Addenda: Koib. nemy-ka 'altes Weib'

References: FUV; Paas. Beitr. 12; DEWO 99

Number: 153

Proto: *ipV ~ *ipV-sV ~ *ipV-śV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: taste; odor

German meaning: Geschmack; Geruch

Saam (Lapp): afse, avse = hakse (gen. havse), hâk'sâ -vs- (N) 'odor; excrement of reindeer in summer', hâk'se- -vs- (N) 'smell, sniff', hapsa ~ haksa (L) 'Geruch; der Rentiermist im Sommer', aps (T Kld.), øhps (Not.) 'Gestank, Geruch', a_ipse- (T Kld.), a_ihpse- (Not.) 'stinken, riechen'

Mordovian: opoś (M) 'Geruch, Witterung'

Mari (Cheremis): üpš (KB U, B), üpś (M) 'Geruch'

Komi (Zyrian): is (isk-) (S) 'Gestank, Geruch'

Khanty (Ostyak): ewǝl (V), epǝt (DN), epǝl (O) 'Geruch, Geschmack', ewsint- (V), epsent- (DN) 'schnuppern, wittern (Hund)'

Mansi (Vogul): ǟp, äp (N) 'Dunst, Ausdünstung', ät (TJ), ǟt (KU P), at (So.) 'Geruch, Gestank'

Hungarian: íz (dial. iz, éz, üz, űz) 'Geschmack, dial. Geruch, Duft'

Nenets (Yurak): ŋapt (O) 'Geruch'

Enets (Yen): obto

Nganasan (Tawgi): ŋobta

Selkup: aptэ (Ta.), ăptα (Ke.) 'Geruch, Gestank', āpte (Ty.) 'Geruch'

Kamass: puʔbtu, puʔptu 'Geruch; Duft'

Janhunen's version: (98) *ipsi

Sammalahti's version: *ipsi

Addenda: Koib. обдалем 'пущаю дым из роту'

K. Reshetnikov's notes: A complicated, but quite reliable case.

References: FUV; Donn. Vgl.Wb. 807; MUSz. 764, 828; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Paas. Beitr. 245; Collinder Comp.Gr. 101

Number: 155

Proto: *irwV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: merry; to rejoice

German meaning: lustig, froh; sich freuen

Saam (Lapp): ârvuk (N) 'gay, lively, spirited', (h)arvuk (L) 'frühaufstehend, munter' ?

Hungarian: öröm 'Freude, Lust, Vergnügen', örül-, örvend 'sich freuen, froh sein' ?

K. Reshetnikov's notes: For the Hun. stem, a contact origin can be supposed - cf. similar material in Turk.: Yak. üör, Sag. ürün, Shor ürgün 'sich freuen; to rejoice (intr.), to be glad' (to appreciate this hypothesis, we still have to check some details).

References: MUSz. 853; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Collinder Comp. Gr. 403

Number: 157

Proto: *itä

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to appear; become visible

German meaning: das Erscheinen; erscheinen, sichtbar werden

Finnish: itä- 'keimen, aufkeimen', itä 'Osten, Morgen', itu 'Keim' ( > Saam. N itte- -đ- 'appear, come into view', iđed 'morning', itto -đ- 'germ', L ihtē- 'sich zeigen, erscheinen', itēt 'Morgen', T jitte-, Kld. itte-, ė_itte- 'zum Vorschein kommen, erscheinen', T jienta, jenta, janta, Kld. jenta, Not. iaδa 'morgen'; Est. ida, ide (gen. ideme), idu, ite (gen. itte, itme) 'Keim', ida 'Ost', idane- 'keimen') ?

Khanty (Ostyak): et- (V DN O) 'сплавиться (рыба) (V); sichtbar werden (Mond) (V); sich erheben, wachsen (DN); aufstehen, zum Vorschein kommen, aufgehen (Sonne) (O)' ?

Proto-Samoyed: *ǝtǝ-; *ǝtǝ-/jVj/m-

K. Redei's notes: [Redei: if Finn. -t- goes back to *-č-, it can be compared with Saam. N âcce- -ʒ- 'rise (sea), L ahtsē- 'sich vermehren, zunehmen, steigen', T a_icce- 'steigen']

Yukaghir parallels: jed- 'sichtbar werden, erscheinen; to become visible, to appear'

References: SKES; DEWO 204; Collinder Comp. Gr. 81, 390, 411

Number: 158

Proto: *ittä-

English meaning: to hang

German meaning: hängen, aufhängen

Mordovian: it́e- (M) 'aufhängen (z. B. eine Wiege)' ?

Nenets (Yurak): ŋidā- 'aufhängen' (O)

Enets (Yen): iriʔa- (Ch.), idiʔa- (B)

Nganasan (Tawgi): ŋidiʔe- 'aufhängen (Kessel, Kleid)', ŋüδa (NyK) 'hängen'

Selkup: îta- (Ta.), îtta- (Ke.), êdá-, ĕ̮dá- (N) 'aufhängen'

Kamass: edǝ- 'aufhängen', edш̄- 'hängen'

Addenda: Koib. адля 'вишу'; Mot. идямъ; ? коми: ышт-

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Sam. material considered by Rédei related to this Mord. stem is listed by me within another entry (according to a suggestion by E.A. Helimsky) - see URAET 6, the Mord. word thus turning out isolated (Helimsky's attempt to compare it with Komi ɨšt- doesn't seem persusive enough).

Number: 159

Proto: *jaka-

English meaning: to divide, separate

German meaning: teilen, scheiden, trennen

Finnish: jaka- 'teilen, verteilen, austeilen', jako 'Teilung, Einteilung'

Estonian: jaga-, jäga- 'teilen, verteilen, austeilen'

Saam (Lapp): juokke- -g- (N) 'divide; distribute', juokko -g- 'division, partition', juohkē- (L) 'teilen, austeilen', juohkō 'Teilung, Verteilung', jīkke- (ie) (T), jū_ikke- (Kld.), juo_ihke- (Not.), jo_ikke- (A) 'teilen'

Mordovian: java- (E), javo- (E M) 'trennen, sich trennen'

Udmurt (Votyak): ĺuk-, juk- (S) 'teilen, verteilen, scheiden', ĺukị̑- (G) 'teilen, zerstreuen', ĺuk (S), ĺuket (G) 'Teil, Stück'

Komi (Zyrian): juk- (S P) 'teilen, verteilen', juk (Ud. P) 'Teil, Portion', juke̮n- (Peč.) 'доля, часть', juka^.l- (PO) 'teilen' ( > Khanty Trj. jȯ̆kȧn, DN jŏkan, O jukan 'Teil, Anteil')

Khanty (Ostyak): ji̮ɣḷi̮ (V), jaχǝl (DN) 'Gabel, Stange mit gabelförmiger Spitze', jɔχǝl (Ni.) 'Abstand zwischen den ausgebreiteten Beinen', jaχǝp (Ko.), jĭχǝp (Kaz.) 'Scheitel', jaɣǝrt (V). jaχǝrt (DN), jaχart (O) 'Gabelung, Zwischenraum, Verzweigungsstelle', jăɣti̮ (V) 'Haar'

Mansi (Vogul): jåχtit 'Grenze des Hinterkopfes und des Nackens'

Nenets (Yurak): jāχā- (O) 'abhäuten'

Enets (Yen): johi- (Ch.), johe- (B) 'zerschneiden, z. B. ein Rentier'

Nganasan (Tawgi): jakaĺiʔe- 'schneiden (Felle, Fleisch)', jagiʔe- 'zerschneiden (ein geschundenes Rentier)'

Selkup: čaka- (Ta. B), tjaka- (Ta.), tjak͔k͔a- (Ke.), tjaga- (Čl.) 'zerstückeln (Fisch, Vogel)'

Kamass: t́egä̂r- 'zerbröckeln'

Sammalahti's version: FP *je"ka

Addenda: Mot. тчяганямъ 'крою'

K. Reshetnikov's notes: Note Perm. *juk 'part, allotment, piece' - a case of conversion, the only one in this etymological group (or does this form still reflect a derivative with a (vocalic) suffix phonetically lost)?

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Donn. VglWb. 354; MUSz. 163; DEWO 335, 343, 346; Paas. Beitr. 54, 265; Collinder Comp. Gr. 63, 406; ИВПЯ 214; Jacobsohn ArUgrof. 34

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