Баскская этимология : Результат запроса

PROTO: *hel-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to come 2 to arrive

BZK: el-du 2

GIP: (Andoain) el-du 2

ANV: (Ondarrabia) el-du 1

BNV: hel-du 1, 2

LAB: hel-du 1

ZBR: hél-tü 1, 2

PROTO: *[h]el- / *-hali / *aɫha

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to bite 2 to be sore, inflamed 3 meal(time) 4 grazing, pasture

BZK: el-du 2, -ari 3

GIP: el-du 1, ala 4, -ari 3

ANV: -ari 3, (Oyarzun) ala 4

BNV: -(h)ari 3, alha 4

SAL: -ari 3

LAB: -(h)ari 3, alha 4

ZBR: -(h)ari 3, álha 4

RNC: -ari 3, ala 4

COMMENTS: Bsq *[h]el- / *-hali / *aɫha seem to be permutations of the same original root (cf. PEC *=iʡwVl 'to feed on, eat, bite'). Bsq *-hali 'meal(time)' occurs only in compounds: (B-arc) gosaari ‘breakfast’ (< *gośa-hali: see *gośe ‘hunger, hungry’); (Z-arc) barazkari ‘midday meal, lunch’, (c) bazkari id. (cf. *barace ‘garden’); (BN) auhari ‘dinner (supper)’, (Z) aihá(r)i, (R) aigári, (B, G, BN, L) afari, (L) aphari, (B, G) apari, (Sal) abari, etc. (cf. *gau ‘night’?), etc.

PROTO: *hera-ki

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to boil (trans.)

BZK: irakin

GIP: irakin

ANV: irakin

BNV: herakin, erakin, irakitu, (Amikuse) erakitu

SAL: iraki

LAB: irakin

ZBR: heráki, iraki

RNC: eraki, erakitu

PROTO: *herći

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 tight, narrow, cramped 2 worried, exhausted 3 nasal congestion, catarrh 4 to close 5 to squeeze, press

ARB: itsi 4

BZK: es-tu 1, 2, 3, (arc) itsi 4

GIP: es-tu 1, 2, 3, itxi 4

ANV: es-tu 1, 2, itxi 4, (Elkano) ertxi 4

BNV: hertsi, hetsi 1, 4, hers-tu 5

LAB: hertsi, hetsi, hers-tu 1, 4

BZT: ertsi 4

ZBR: hertsi, hérsi 1, 4

RNC: ersi 1, ers-tu 5

COMMENTS: For internal -r- cf. Proto-Lezghian: *ʡirč̣Vn- ( ~ ħ-) > Rutul =ir(i)č̣a- 'to press, squeeze'.

PROTO: *her̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: people, population, nation, country

BZK: erri

GIP: erri

ANV: erri

BNV: herri

LAB: herri

ZBR: hérri

RNC: erri

COMMENTS: From the probable PSC original meaning Bsq *her̄i has become broader (‘people, nation’ + the land they occupy), while PNC *ʡwǝ̆hri is more restricted (‘part of the people who fight in war’).

PROTO: *her̄o

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 root (tree, plant, tooth) 2 nipple (of udder) 3 udder

BZK: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

GIP: erro 1, 2

ANV: erro 1, 2

BNV: erro 1, erra-pe 3

LAB: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

BZT: erra-pe 3

ZBR: herro 1, herrá-pe 3

RNC: erro 1, ra-pé 3

COMMENTS: Initial *h preserved only in ZBR. Loss of /h/ in LAB, BNV probably due to inter-dialectal borrowing.

PROTO: *Herug(ʷ)i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 salamander 2 scorpion

BZK: (Zornoza) eruge 1, (Lekeitio, Markina) erube 1

GIP: arrubi 1, 2, (Andoain) arrobi 2

ANV: (Oyarzun) arrobi 2, (Irun, Ondarrabia) arrobio 1

BNV: harrobi 2

LAB: harrubi 1, 2, (Ainhoa) harrobi 2

ZBR: arrogi 2

COMMENTS: Cf. Bsq *erɫuɫi 'salamander, scorpion', which seems to be partially blended with this word. Some forms appear to have been influenced by *har̄i 'stone': cf. LAB harrobi 'cavern, quarry' < *har̄i + *hobi.

PROTO: *hese

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 fresh, wet, moist, green (plant) 2 lascivious, sensual

BZK: eze 1, 2, ezo 1, ezko 1

GIP: eze, ezko 1

ANV: eze 1, 2

BNV: heze 1, ezti 1

LAB: heze 1, 2

ZBR: heze 1, ezti 1

RNC: eze 1

COMMENTS: Also with /ś/: BNV, LAB hese 'fresh, moist, green', BZK ese id.

PROTO: *hestu-n

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 link (of a chain) 2 (finger-)ring 3 mesh (of a net) 4 strand (of yarn) 5 ring (general)

BZK: el-aztun 2, 5, er-aztun, err-aztun 2, 5, er-eztun 2, 5, (Arratia, Otxandiano) el-eztun 2, 5

GIP: el-aztun 2, 5, er-aztun 2, 5

ANV: er-aztun 2, 5

BNV: erh-aztun 2, 5

SAL: eztun 4, extun 1

LAB: er-aztun, (Ainhoa) err-aztun 5

BZT: er-aztun 2, 5

ZBR: üztün 1, 3, 5, erh-áztün 2, 5

RNC: er-eztun 2, 5

COMMENTS: Most of the words are compounds with Bsq *elhi 'finger' (q.v.). The change to trilled /r̄/ (err-) is unusual and secondary. One of the words in which Bsq *-st- corresponds to a tense NC sibilant/affricate (here *-c̣_-).

PROTO: *heuga[l]i / *heu[l]agi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 abundant 2 to increase, multiply

BZK: ugari 1, ugal-du 2

GIP: ugari 1, ugal-du 2

ANV: ugari 1

LAB: heuragi 1 (Leizarraga)

ZBR: heuregi 1 (Oihenart)

COMMENTS: Note the metathesized variants in PNC *HāχuɫV / *HālχV as well as in Bsq.

PROTO: *hi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: thou (familiar)

ARB: i

BZK: i

GIP: i

ANV: i

BNV: hi

SAL: i

LAB: hi

BZT: i

AZK: i

ZBR: hi

RNC: i, (Vidángoz) yi

COMMENTS: The root also exists as the verbal affix (initial) *h-, (medial) *-ga-, (final) *-k (second person singular familiar). The medial and final affixes are specifically masculine, opposed to feminine *-na-, *-n. This is the only instance of grammatical sex marking in Bsq.

PROTO: *higuni

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 hatred, loathing 2 to hate, loathe 3 hateful, loathsome 4 (man) to put away one's wife 5 (bird) to abandon one's eggs 6 to wean (a child) 7 hated 8 become hated

BZK: iguin 1, iguin-du 2, (arc) {ygui, yguy} 1, 7

GIP: igui-tu 2

ANV: iguin 1, 2

BNV: higuin 1, 2, 4, 5

SAL: iguin 1

LAB: higuin 1, 3, 4, 5, higuin-du 6

ZBR: higüin 4, 5, (Barkoxe) hügü̃́ 7, hügü̃́n-tü 8

RNC: ugun 1

COMMENTS: Chamali jiχan- 'to hate' is especially close to the Bsq words.

PROTO: *hil

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 to die; dead 2 to kill 3 to put out, extinguish (lights)

BZK: il 1

GIP: il 1, 2

ANV: il 1

BNV: hil 1, 3

SAL: il 1, 2, 3

LAB: hil 1, 2, 3

BZT: il 1, 2

ZBR: hil 1, 3

RNC: il 1, 2, 3

PROTO: *hil-, *hiɫa-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 moon, 2 month, 3 moon in 4th qtr. ('high moon')

ARB: irargi 1

BZK: iretargi, ilargi, illargi, irargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3, (Goñi, Olza) illergi 1

GIP: ilargi, illargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3

ANV: ilargi, illargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3

BNV: ilhargi 1, hila-bete, ila-bethe 2, (Otxagabia, Salazar) ilaski 1

SAL: ilaski 1

LAB: ilhargi 1, hila-bete 2

BZT: illargi 1

ZBR: hila-bethe 2

PROTO: *hir̄i

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 laugh, laughter 2 mockery 3 smile 4 to smile 5 hurly-burly, hubbub

BZK: irri 2, irri-barre 3

ANV: irri-abar 3

BNV: irri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5, (Hazparren) hirri-skina-tu 4

LAB: hirri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5

ZBR: hirrun-harrun 5

PROTO: *hiro

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 pus 2 rottenness, decay 3 tinder (from the interior of a tree)

BZK: iro 3

GIP: iro 3

LAB: hiro 1

ZBR: híro 2, 2

COMMENTS: Cf. PEC *x[ē]rxV 'slime; spittle, snot', which seems to be a reduplicated form in comparison with Bsq *hiro, consistent with PSC *x[ē]ŕV́.

PROTO: *hobe

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 better 2 more

BZK: oba 1

GIP: obe 1

ANV: obe 1

BNV: hobe, hobe-ki 1

SAL: abo-ro 2

LAB: hobe, hobe-ki 1

ZBR: hóbe, hobé-ki 1, habó-ro 2

RNC: obe 1, ob-ro 2

COMMENTS: Cf. especially Archi hiba-t:ut- 'good' (comp. by Bouda, 1948). Bsq *hobe is used as a comparative of *hon 'good' (q.v.).

PROTO: *hobi

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: grave, tomb

BZK: obi

GIP: obi

ANV: obi

BNV: hobi

LAB: hobi

ZBR: hobi

RNC: obi

COMMENTS: This word is a homonym of Bsq *ho[gu]i 'gum, tissue around teeth' (q.v.) in some dialects, but is of distinct origin. Cf. PNC *fiwɨ 'grave'.

PROTO: *hoc

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: cold (n., adj.)

BZK: otz

GIP: otz

ANV: otz

BNV: hotz

SAL: otz

LAB: hotz

BZT: otz

AZK: otz

ZBR: hotz

RNC: otz

COMMENTS: As a verb: *hos-tu > hoztu, oztu.

PROTO: *hoć

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: 1 noise, sound 2 fame, reputation 3 passion, longing, mania, strong inclination 4 search(ing)

BZK: ots 1, 2

GIP: ots 1, 2

ANV: ots 1, 2

BNV: hots 1, 2

LAB: hots 1, 2, 3

BZT: ots 4

ZBR: hots 1, 2

RNC: ots 1, 2, 4

COMMENTS: Bsq-NC phonetic similarity is apparent, but semantic correlations are more difficult. S.A. Starostin reconstructed PSC *kwɨ̄́jcV̆ ‘spirit, appearance, demon’. Note especially the semantic similarity of Bsq (L) hots ‘strong inclination’ and Archi kus ‘habit’.