Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *dhreugh-

Meaning: to guard

Slavic: *drū̀gъ C; *drūžīnā́

Baltic: *draũga- m.

Germanic: *driug-a- vb.; *drux-t-i- c.; *drux-s-t-ir-a- n.

Celtic: *drungo- > Gaul drungos `Trupp'; OIr drong `Schar'; OBret drogn `coetus'

Russ. meaning: служить в телохранителях

References: WP I 856 f

Proto-IE: *dhrēn- (IndoIr *d-)

Meaning: bee, drone, hornet

Old Indian: druṇa- m. (L.) `scorpion; bee'

Old Greek: *thrṓnǟk-s m.: thrō̃naks, -akos Lacon. = kēphḗn Hsch.; tenthrēdṓn, -ónos f. 'a kind of wasp that makes its nest in the earth' (Arist.), tenthrḗnǟ id. (Nic.), tenthrḗnion n. 'the nest of the tenthrēdṓn' (Arist.), tenthrēniṓdēs, n. -es 'honeycombed' (Hp.)

Germanic: *drēn-a-, -an- m., *drin-an-, *drun-an- m.

Russ. meaning: насекомое (пчела, трутень, шершень)

References: WP I 860 f

Proto-IE: *dhwAnǝ-

Meaning: to smoke

Old Indian: ádhvanīt (aor.) `to become covered or extinguished (as anger)', caus. ádhvā̆naya `to envelop, wrap up, darken'; ptc. dhvāntá- `covered, veiled, dark'

Avestan: dvan- (mit Praeverb.) `fliegen'; dvąnman- n. `Wolke', aipi-dvąnara- `wolkig, nebelig', dunman- n. `Nebel, Wolke'

Baltic: *dwan-a- c, *dwan-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *dun-st-a- n.

Russ. meaning: дымить, дымиться

References: WP I 835 f

Comments: Cf. #1927 *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)

Proto-IE: *dhwarǝ-, *dhraw(ǝ)-

Meaning: to deceive

Old Indian: dhvárati, dhū́rvati `to bend, hurt, injure', ptc. dhūrta-; -dhrut, -dhvr̥t, dhrúti- f. `misleading, seduction', dhvarás- f. `destructive, mischievous, n. of part. female demons'; dhūrtí- f. `injury, damage, harm'

Latin: fraus, -dis f. `Übervorteilung; Schaden, Nachteil', frausus sum Plaut.; adv. frūstra `irrtümlich, irrig, getäuscht', frūstrārī `täuschen, hintergehen, foppen'

Other Italic: Umbr frosetom est `fraudatum est'

Russ. meaning: обманывать

References: WP I 869 f

Proto-IE: *dhwor- (/*dwor-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: door, gate, court

Hittite: ? an-dur-za (adv.) 'darin' < *'indoors' (Tischler 37-38)

Tokharian: B twere 'door' (Adams 323)

Old Indian: dvār f., acc. duráḥ, dúraḥ, du. dvārā(u); dvā́ra- n. `door'

Avestan: acc. dvarǝm, loc. dvarǝ 'Tor; Hof'

Other Iranian: OPers duvarayā 'am Hofe ? am Tore ?'

Armenian: pl. durkh, acc. a-durs `Tür', i durs `hinaus, draussen'; durrn, gen. dran `Tür, Tor, Hof; drand `Türpfosten, Türschwelle'

Old Greek: thǘrǟ f. `Tür, Torflügel', pl. `Tür(e), Tor', thǘretron Türchen, pl. thǘretra `Türfutter, Tür', thürṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Vorhalle, Vorraum'

Slavic: *dvьrь, pl. *dvьrī

Baltic: *dwar-[a-]s m., *dur-i-s f., *dur̃-w-i- c.

Germanic: *dur-i- f., *dur-u- c., *dur-a- n.

Latin: foris, -is f., pl. forēs, -ium f. `Tür'; forās `hinaus', forīs `draussen, ausserhalb', forum, -ī n. `Vorhof des Grabes (umzäunter Grabbezirk); Marktplatz, Marktflecken, Gerichtstag'

Other Italic: Umbr. furo, furu `forum'

Celtic: Gaul doro `ostium', duros, duron m., n. `ostium'; OIr dorus n., in-dorus `vor Tür', dor m. `ostium'; Cymr dor f. `Tür', drws `Tür'

Albanian: derε f. Tür

Russ. meaning: дверь, ворота; двор

References: WP I 870 f, II 160

Proto-IE: *dhwor-, *dhour-

Meaning: to move quickly, to attack

Old Indian: dhorati `to run, trot, be quick or alert', (L.) dhoraṇa- n. `horse's trot', dhurā́ adv. `violently, hurtfully'

Avestan: dvaraiti `eilt, geht, macht sich auf'

Old Greek: thôu̯ro-, f. thóu̯ris, -idos `anstürmend, stürmisch, ungestüm'

Russ. meaning: быстро двигаться, нападать

References: WP I 835 f

Proto-IE: *dlongh-

Meaning: long

Other Iranian: MPers drang, NPers dirang 'lang'

Old Greek: ? lóŋkhǟ f. `Speer-, Lanzenspitze, Wurfspiess, Lanze'

Germanic: *lang-a-, *lang-i- adj.

Latin: longus, -a `lang; weit entfernt; langwierig'

Celtic: { OIr usw. long }

Albanian: gjátë 'long' (dial. gljátë)

Russ. meaning: длинный

References: WP I 813

Proto-IE: *dol-

Meaning: calculation, fraud

Armenian: toɫ `Linie, Reihe'

Old Greek: dólo-s `Lockspeise, Lockmittel, Trug, List'

Germanic: *tal-a- n.; *tal-ōn- f.; *tal-ō- vb., *tal-ja- vb., *tal-z-ia- vb.

Latin: dolus, -ī m. `List, Täuschung'

Other Italic: Osk dolom (mallum) `dolum (malum)', dolud (malud) `dolō (malō)'

Russ. meaning: расчет, обман

References: WP I 808 f

Proto-IE: *dolǝgh-/*delegh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: long

Hittite: daluki- `lang' (Friedrich 206)

Old Indian: dīrghá- `long'

Avestan: darǝga-, darǝɣa-

Other Iranian: OPers darga- 'lang'

Old Greek: dolikhó- `lang', dólikho-s m. `Langlauf'; en-delekhḗs `fortdauernd, ununterbrochen'

Slavic: *dьlgъ

Baltic: *il̂g-a- (1) adj.

Germanic: *tulg=

Latin: indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī, indultum `nachsichtig sein, nachgeben, nachhängen, frönen, willfahren'

Russ. meaning: длинный

References: WP I 813

Proto-IE: *dōur-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Old Greek: dō̂ro-n n. `Handbreite'; Arc. acc. dárin = spithamḗn Hsch., (*Lacon.) dáreir = spithamḗ Hsch.

Baltic: *dū̃r-iā̃ f., *dū̂r-ia- (2) c.

Celtic: OIr dorn `Faust, Hand'; Cymr dwrn `Hand', dyrnaid, MCymr dyrneit `Handvoll', Bret dorn `Hand', dournek `wer grosse Hände hat'

Russ. meaning: ладонь растянутый

References: WP I 794 f

Proto-IE: *drak-, -g-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: spectre, evil ghost

Old Greek: drắkōn, -ontos m. 'dragon, serpent'; drắkai̯na f. 'she-dragon'

Slavic: *drokъ (> ORus drokъ)

Baltic: *drak-a- c.

Germanic: *trak-an-, *trakk-an- m.

Celtic: MIr aur-ddrach `Gespenst'

Russ. meaning: призрак, злой дух

Comments: All the above words are usually regarded as later loanwords (ultimately < Greek), but this is not self-evident.

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