Tamil meaning :to rebuke authoritatively, frighten with a vehement or sudden noise; n. rebuke, ranting
Tamil derivates :atampu (atampi-) to speak intemperately, rebuke; atakaṭi menace, threat, hectoring
Malayalam :ataṭṭuka
Malayalam meaning :to rebuke, reprimand, frighten with sudden noise
Kannada :adaṭu
Kannada meaning :to tremble, shake; to scold, reprimand, menace
Kannada derivates :adapu to speak intemperately, reprove
Tulu :addalipuni
Tulu meaning :to rebuke, frighten
Notes :Burrow & Emeneau place this in the same entry with *adir- 'to shake, tremble, intimidate, etc.'. While the semantic link is possible (atir also has the meaning 'rebuke'), the morphological ties are harder to understand. The form ataṭṭu is an obvious causative, but it cannot be from *adir-tu (which should have yielded Tamil atirttu); it can only be from *adaḷ-tu. The stem *adaḷ- is not, however, attested directly; there is Tulu addalipuni, with an unclear geminate, and possibly also Kan. adalu 'to tremble', if -l- dial. < *-ḷ-. As for the other Tamil forms, atampu (= Kan. adapu) < *adaḷ-mbu; atakaṭi is an unclear expressive formation.
Notes :It is unclear which variant (with *-l- or *-v-) is primary. Obviously Tam. aṭalai = Mal. aṭava, but whether this is dialectal variation or a case of morphological restructuring is unknown.
Number in DED :0068
Proto-South Dravidian :*adaḷ[i]
Meaning :noise, tumult
Tamil :ataḷi
Tamil meaning :noise, tumult
Malayalam :ataḷi
Malayalam meaning :noise, tumult
Kannada :atala, attala
Kannada meaning :tumult
Notes :An expressive form with irregular correspondences (Kan. adal- should be expected). Outside SDR met in Telugu (atalakutalamu 'confusion'), but hardly qualifiable for PDR status.
Number in DED :0135
Proto-South Dravidian :*aḍamb-
Meaning :a k. of creeper
Tamil :aṭampu, aṭappaŋ-koṭi, aṭumpu
Tamil meaning :hare-leaf, Ipomoea biloba
Malayalam :aṭampu, aṭumpu
Malayalam meaning :Convolvulus pes caprae
Kannada :aḍumbu-baḷḷi
Kannada meaning :a creeping plant, I. biloba Forsk.
Tulu :aḍumbu
Tulu meaning :the creeper I. maritima
Number in DED :0065
Proto-South Dravidian :*aḍar-
Meaning :to burst, crack
Malayalam :aṭaruka
Malayalam meaning :to burst, crack, slit off, fly open
Malayalam derivates :aṭar a splinter; aṭarcca splitting, a crack; aṭarttuka, aṭattuka to split, tear off, open (an oyster)
Tulu :aḍaruni
Tulu meaning :to crack (intr.)
Number in DED :0066
Proto-South Dravidian :*aḍar-
Meaning :twig
Kannada :aḍaru
Kannada meaning :(Hav.) twig
Kannada derivates :(Bark.) aḍɨrɨ small and thin branch of a tree; (Gowda) aḍǝrɨ small branches
Tulu :aḍaru
Tulu meaning :twig
Number in DED :0067
Proto-South Dravidian :*aḍāpiḍi
Meaning :violence, confusion
Tamil :aṭāpiṭi
Tamil meaning :violence (coll.)
Tamil derivates :aṭāvaṭi outrage, violence; aṭipiṭi broil, fray, scuffle (loc.)
Malayalam :aṭāpiṭi
Malayalam meaning :violence, outrage, quarrel, uproar
Tamil meaning :to shut, close, obstruct, block (as a passage), stop up, put in, pack, lock, fasten, imprison, conceal; to be obstructed (as the ear, throat)
Tamil derivates :aṭaiccu (aṭaicci-) to shut, close; aṭaippu shutting, closing, fence, obstruction, plug; aṭṭam opposition, cross direction, enmity, rivalry; aṭṭi hindrance, obstacle, delay; aṭṭaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇai-kkāl folded legs in sitting cross-legged
Malayalam :aṭa
Malayalam meaning :a lock
Malayalam derivates :aṭayuka to be shut, shut up, be enclosed; aṭavu stoppage, block, obstruction; aṭekka to shut, obstruct, block up, lock; to be shut, rendered impervious; aṭeppu, aṭappu obstruction, whatever covers or closes a hole, stopper; aṭappam, aṭappan a stopper, cork; aṭeppikka to cause to lock or shut; aṭṭam what is across, transverse, thwarting
Kannada :aḍe
Kannada meaning :to be enclosed, barred, shut up, choked; to shut, lock, obstruct, close up, enclose, confine, imprison, stop the passage
Kannada derivates :aḍavu an impediment, anything to obstruct; aḍa, aḍḍa, aḍḍā, aḍḍe state of being across, transverse, or in the way, state of being broadwise or horizontal, crosswise; obstructing, an obstruction; state of being contrary or perverse; aḍḍane, aḍane across, transversely; aḍḍayisu, aḍḍagisu, aḍḍaysu, aḍḍavisu to move obliquely or obstructingly, make opposition, obstruct, impede, intervene, conceal; aḍḍayisuha obstruction, opposition; aḍḍaysuha going transversely, concealment; aḍḍal crossing, obstructing, obstacle, across, sideways; aḍḍi an obstacle, opposition, delay; aḍḍana, aḍḍaṇa a shield; āṭaŋka, ātaŋka obstruction, obstacle, restraint
Kodagu :aḍe- (aḍev-, aḍand-)
Kodagu meaning :(gap) is stopped
Kodagu derivates :aḍa- (aḍap-,aḍat-) to stop (gap, hole); aḍḍa crosswise; aḍḍa būḷ- to prostrate oneself (lit. fall horizontal)
Tulu :aḍepuni, aḍevuni, aḍeŋguni
Tulu meaning :to shut, close
Tulu derivates :aḍepu act of shutting, clossing, finishing; aḍakụ, aḍaka, aḍēke, aṭaka, aṭakāvu obstacle, hindrance; aḍḍa id., horizontal, intervening; across, athwart; rafter; aḍḍakaṭṭè a dam; aḍḍakāru the bent knee; aḍḍa boruni to prostrate, bow down; aḍḍa kaṭṭuni to dam up, shut in, hinder, prevent, screen; aḍḍi obstacle, opposition; aḍḍaṇa, aḍḍaṇè, aḍana a shield; āṭaŋkụ, āṭaŋka hindrance, obstacle
Notes :Probably a former compound, but both parts are unclear.
Number in DED :0075
Proto-South Dravidian :*aḍikai-vīẓ-
Meaning :a k. of creeper, climber
Kannada :aḍke-bīẓubaḷḷi
Kannada meaning :a woody climber, climbing and rooting on the stems of trees, Pothos scandens Lin.
Tulu :aḍike-būru, arke-būru
Tulu meaning :a kind of creeper, P. scandens
Notes :Kan. bīẓu-, Tulu būru = PSDR *vīẓ- "to fall". As for the main part of the compound, it may or may not be related to as *aḍai-kāj (phonetically the same, but semantically rather hard to pin down). No parallels outside SDR.
Tamil meaning :to shake, quake, tremble (as by an earthquake, the fall of a tree, the rolling of chariots), be startled, alarmed, resound (as thunder), reverberate, sound (as a drum), roar (as beasts)
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to alarm by shouting, intimidate, rebuke, thunder, roar (as the sea); atircci quaking, shaking, trembling, loud noise or report, roaring; atirppu trembling, echo; atirvu shaking, trembling, tremolo
Malayalam :atiruka
Malayalam meaning :to fear, tremble
Kannada :adir, adaru, aduru, adru
Kannada meaning :to tremble, shake, shiver, fear; n. trembling, tremor
Kannada derivates :adirpu trembling, fear; adalu = adir vb.; adarisu, adalisu to make tremble, shake
Tulu :adụruni, adaruni, aduruni
Tulu meaning :to tremble, quake
Tulu derivates :adụrāvuni to shake, agitate; adụrāṭa shaking, trembling; adụrụpadụrụ shaking and trembling; adarpuni to cause to tremble, admonish, rebuke
