Tamil meaning :to be drunk, intoxicated, become mad, be frenzied, be furious; n. toddy, drunkenness, intoxication, bewilderment, confusion, perturbation, madness, frenzy, anger, savagery, wildness, devil
Tamil derivates :ver_iy-āṭu to dance under possession by Skanda; ver_ippu drunkenness
Malayalam :ver_i
Malayalam meaning :intoxication, fury
Malayalam derivates :ver_iyan drunk, furious
Kannada :ver_i
Kannada meaning :madness, intoxication, fury, folly, confusion, fear
Notes :The root is dubious since the Kannada form is an obvious borrowing from Telugu (*ber_i should be expected).
Tamil derivates :veruvu (veruvi-) to be afraid of, be alarmed, frightened or startled; n. fear, fright; veruḷ (veruḷv-, veruṇṭ-; veruḷi-), viraḷ (viraḷv-, viraṇṭ-) to be startled, perplexed, bewildered, be frightened, shy, be skittish; n. fear, perplexity, that which is fearful; viraṭṭu (viraṭṭi-) to frighten, intimidate; veruḷi bewilderment, that which causes terror, bugbear, scarecrow; veruṭṭu (veruṭṭi-) to terrify, frighten, confuse, stupefy, drive away (as animals); veruṭci bewilderment, shyness, skittishness, fear; vir_a (-pp-, -nt-) to fear; vir_appu fear; ver_i (-pp-, -tt-) to be frightened; n. fear
Malayalam :veruḷuka
Malayalam meaning :to be frightened, confused, furious
Malayalam derivates :viraḷuka to start, be shaken with fear; viraḷi scarecrow; viraṭṭuka to frighten; viraṭṭal frightening
Kannada :bercu, beccu
Kannada meaning :to be frightened, scared; n. fear, dread; a scarecrow
Kannada derivates :bercisu, beccisu to frighten; beccaḷisu to be confused, become perplexed or bewildered, be deprived of consciousness, be beguiled; beppaḷa amazement, alarm, fear, etc.; beppu wandering of the mind, confusion; bebbarisu to get bewildered from fear, be greatly frightened; bebbaḷa alarm, confusion; (PBh.) bir_ut(u) having feared; beragu fear
Kodagu :boraḍ- (boraḍuv-, boraṇḍ-)
Kodagu meaning :to be thrown into confusion by fear
Kodagu derivates :boraṭ- (boraṭi-) to frighten and make run in all directions (usually of cattle); ? bott- (botti-) to fear, be frightened
Notes :The root is uncertain: Tamil, Malayalam and Kota/Toda seem to point to PSDR *ver-, while Kannada, Kodagu and some Tamil forms point to *ver_-. External data shows *ver_- to be primary; in that case, the Tamil and Nilgiri form either belong to a different root or represent an old borrowing from some Kannada dialect.
Kodagu meaning :(?) to cut (plantain trunks at wedding, as test of skill with weapon)
Tulu :beppuni, bettuni, bettoṇuni
Tulu meaning :to stab
Notes :It is doubtful that Kodagu belongs here.
Number in DED :5555
Proto-South Dravidian :*ves-/*vIs-
Meaning :to unite, solder
Kannada :bisu (becc-), besu, bese
Kannada meaning :to unite firmly, solder; join, be united
Kannada derivates :bisu soldering; bisuge, besage, besavu, besike, besige, besuge id., state of being soldered or firmly united, close connexion, composition; beccu state of being soldered or united
Tamil derivates :veṭṭi (-pp-, -tt-) to be harsh, rough, violent; veṭṭitu that which is harsh, rough or violent; veṭṭimai harshness, roughness, harshness of speech, anger; veṭṭ-en_al expr. of harshness, violence, severity; veṭṭ-en_avu severity, harshness, that which is severe or hard; veṭṭai hardness as of metals
Kannada :beṭṭa, beṭṭi, beṭṭu, beṭṭe
Kannada meaning :firmness, hardness, excessive hardness of metals, harshness, rudeness
Kannada derivates :beṭṭane with harshness, force, fierceness, or vehemence; beṭṭit(t)u that which is hard, firm, strong, stiff, harsh, fierce, rough, rude, difficult, etc.
Notes :Kota beṭṇ obviously borrowed from Kannada, as the word had an original *v-. B&E put the root under P, uniting it with Kannada peṭṭu 'pride, domineering', but this is absolutely impossible.
Number in DED :4392
Proto-South Dravidian :*veṭ-
Meaning :useless
Tamil :veṭṭi, veṭṭai
Tamil meaning :uselessness, worthlessness
Malayalam :veṭṭi
Malayalam meaning :a tree of worthless timber; worthless
Tamil meaning :to burn, be hot (as the weather), be scorched, be boiled, cooked (as rice), be refined (as gold), be distressed by grief or passion, be angry
Tamil derivates :vēkkāṭu burning, boiling, cooking, inflammation as of the stomach; burn, scald, heat; vēṭai heat, intense dryness, season of drought, hot season; vētu heat, warmth; vēvam distress; vēvu burning, boiling; vēvai that which is boiled or cooked; vēn_al heat, hot season, anger; vēn_il heat, hot season, mirage; vental that which is overboiled or charred; venti (-pp-, -tt-) to be hot, get angry; ventippu heat, anger; ventai anything cooked in steam; ven-nīr hot water; vekkai heat, sultriness; veccu heat; vecc-en_al, veccu-vecc-en_al being hot, becoming heated, being harsh; vecc-en_avu heat; vecavi hot weather; vetumpu (vetumpi-) to become warm, be partially withered (as flowers), be hot, boil, be enraged; vetuppu (vetuppi-) to warm, heat gently, make red-hot; n. warmth, fever; vetuppam warmth; vetuvetu (-pp-, -tt-) to be parboiled or half-cooked, become lukewarm, be partially withered; vetuvetuppu lukewarmness; veppam, veppu heat, fever, indignation, spite, sorrow; veppar heat, hot food; veppi (-pp-,-tt-) to heat, infuriate; veppuḷ, veppur_u heat; vempal tropical heat, wrath; vempu (vempi-) to be very hot, be dried with heat, fade, rage, be distressed in mind, desire; vemmai heat, glow, anger, desire, valour, severity; vey(y)il heat of sun; veytu that which is hot, heat, sorrow; veyya hot, fierce, desirable; veyyatu that which is hot, cruel, or unbearable; veyyōn_ cruel person, sun; vevvar heat; vevvitu that which is hot or cruel
Malayalam :vēka (vent-)
Malayalam meaning :to be hot, burn, seethe, boil, (heart) burns
Malayalam derivates :vēvu combustion, boiling, heat, dry, rot; vēvikka to boil, seethe, cook (tr.); boil inwardly; vētu what is hot; vēnal heat, hot season; vekka to cook; n. heat; vekkuka to heat, make warm; veŋŋuka to grow hot; veppu cooking; veppan cook; vetumpuka to be gently heated; vetumpikka to make warm; vetuppu gentle heat; vetuppuka to warm, be gently heated; vetuveta warmly; veppu, vempal heat; vempuka to be very hot, be burnt, shrivel; vemma heat; ven-nīr hot water; veyil heat of sun
Kannada :bē, bēyu, beyyu (bend-)
Kannada meaning :to be burnt up, be scorched by the sun's heat, etc., be prepared by boiling, be cooked, burn with a fever, grief, etc.
Kannada derivates :bē̆yisu, bēsu to burn up, prepare by boiling, bake, pain, afflict; bēge fire, heat, wild fire in jungles; bēne pain, sickness; bēvasa sorrowful thought, grief, anxiety; bēsage, bēsaki, bēsige hot season; beŋki, beŋke, beŋge heat, fire; beccage, beccane, beccige heat, warmth; hot, warm; beccanna warm; ben, bem heat; ben-nīr hot water
Kodagu :bēy- (bēv-/bēyuv-, beñj-)
Kodagu meaning :to be warmed, burned, warm oneself, (rice) cooks
Kodagu derivates :bey- (bepp-, becc-) to cook (rice); bekke warmness, heat; bodɨ, (central dialect) bedɨ heat of sun; bēnɨ kāla hot season
Tulu :bēyuni
Tulu meaning :to boil, seethe, be cooked, baked
Tulu derivates :bēpini, bē̆yipini to boil (tr.); be boiled, seethed, cooked; bēpāvuni to boil (tr.), seethe, cook; bēŋkè heat, sultriness; becca heat, warmth; hot, warm; hotly, warmly; beccana warmth; beccanè hotly, warmly; beppu lukewarmness, feverishness; lukewarm, feverish; beyipelụ boiling, boiled; besiyuni, beseyuni to get hot, get angry or haughty
Notes :Some derivatives feature the shortened root form *ve- (like *ve-c- 'heat', etc.) This form certainly goes back to PSDR, but it is not obvious that the shortening took place even earlier.
Number in DED :5517
Proto-South Dravidian :*vēcil- (?)
Meaning :pumpkin
Tulu :bēcilụ
Tulu meaning :(B-K) a kind of pumpkin
Number in DED :5076
Proto-South Dravidian :*vēḍ-
Meaning :cloth, cover
Tamil :vēṭu
Tamil meaning :cover for the mouth of a vessel, cloth for filtering
Malayalam :vēṭu
Malayalam meaning :cloth for covering vessels or for filtering
