Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 泓

Modern (Beijing) reading: hōng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) водная ширь; пучина; 2) прозрачный (о воде); прозрачность, чистота

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8623

Character: 沸

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝts

Classic Old Chinese: pǝć

Western Han Chinese: pǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: pwɨ̀j

English meaning : to bubble up; to be gushing, rushing

Russian meaning[s]: бить ключом, клокотать; кипеть; кипятить

Comments: Also read *pǝt, MC püt, Pek. fú id.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 4666

Karlgren code: 0500 q

Character: 泄

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhat

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥at

Western Han Chinese: sl̥at

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jat

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jet

Middle Chinese: sjet

English meaning : to leak out, ooze, to disperse

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вытечь; просочиться; разгласить (тайну); 2) разбрызгать; рассеять; 3) Се (фамилия); [yì] медленный; нерадивый

Comments: Used also for *lats, MC jèj (FQ 餘制), Mand. yì 'be dispersed, relieved; be moving slowly; be garrulous' (thus in Shi 33.1). During LZ frequently written as 洩. Possibly a loan from the same source (at least written with the same character' is Viet. tu'ó't "children's diarrhoea".

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 841

Karlgren code: 0339 h

Vietnamese reading: tiết

Shijing occurrences: 33.1

Character: 油

Modern (Beijing) reading: yóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: lu

Classic Old Chinese: lu

Western Han Chinese: lǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: źiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jiw

Late Postclassic Chinese: jiw

Middle Chinese: jǝw

English meaning : oil [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) масло; жир; сало; 2) керосин; нефть; бензин; газолин; 3) лак; глазурь; 4) смазывать маслом; красить масляной краской; 5) увертливый, юркий; юлить

Comments: The character is attested since LZ with the meaning 'flow, overflow' - which is most probably just a variant of 游 q.v. - hence the reading *lu, not *Łu. The meaning 'oil' is only attested since Han. Regular Sino-Vietnamese is du.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1812

Karlgren code: 1079 c

Vietnamese reading: dầu

Character: 況

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: smaŋs

Classic Old Chinese: m̥aŋh

Western Han Chinese: m̥aŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥aŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwàŋ

Middle Chinese: xwàŋ

English meaning : to increase; increasingly, moreover

Russian meaning[s]: 1) положение, состояние; обстановка; 2) к тому же, притом; 3) тем более; не тем более ли, вм. 何況; 4) сравнивать(ся) с...; 5) навещать, посещать; 6) перен. утомиться, перетрудиться; 7) даровать, см. 貺; 8) Куан (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *smaŋs 'be distressing, distressed'. A later meaning (probably originating from compounds) is 'circumstance'. Mand. k- is quite irregular.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 7

Four-angle index: 7380

Karlgren code: 0765 g

Vietnamese reading: huống

Character: 沮

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćas

Classic Old Chinese: cah

Western Han Chinese: cah

Eastern Han Chinese: cjah

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjò

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjò

Middle Chinese: cjö̀

English meaning : marshy ground

Russian meaning[s]: 1) низина; болото; 2) затопить; [jū] входит в названия рек в Северном Китае; [jǔ] 1) остановить, прекратить; запретить; 2) испортить; разбить; 3) просочиться

Comments: Also borrowed for a homonymous *ća-s 'to stop, prevent; vanquish'; during LZ also used for *ʒ́(h)aʔ (MC ʒjö́, Pek. jù) 'to leak, ooze'.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 613

Karlgren code: 0046 k-l

Character: 泗

Modern (Beijing) reading: sì

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhits (~ -js)

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥ić

Western Han Chinese: sl̥jǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jìj

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jì

Middle Chinese: sjì

English meaning : snivel, drivel from the nose

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. Сыхэ (река в провинции Шаньдун); 2) сопли

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1895

Karlgren code: 0518 g

Character: 泅

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiú

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhu

Classic Old Chinese: lhu

Western Han Chinese: lhǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: zhǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhǝw

Middle Chinese: zjǝw

English meaning : to swim [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 泅泳 плавать, переплывать

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1859

Karlgren code: 1094 c

Character: 泱

Modern (Beijing) reading: yāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔaŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʔaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔaŋ

Middle Chinese: ʔaŋ

English meaning : be deep and wide

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глубокий, широкий (о водоеме); просторный; необъятный; 2) облачный

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5102

Karlgren code: 0718 g

Character: 沿

Modern (Beijing) reading: yán

Preclassic Old Chinese: lon

Classic Old Chinese: lwan

Western Han Chinese: lwan

Eastern Han Chinese: źwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: jwen

Middle Chinese: jwen

English meaning : to follow along (e.g. a river)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вдоль, по краю, по берегу; 2) продолжать; 3) в зависимости от..., смотря по...; по; [yàn] 1) берег, побережье; край; 2) прилегать к...; примыкать

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1418

Karlgren code: 0229 b

Character: 治

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhì

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhǝs

Classic Old Chinese: Łhǝh

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhɨ̀

Middle Chinese: ḍɨ̀

English meaning : to work, make, regulate, govern

Russian meaning[s]: 1) управлять; править; ведать; административный; 2) регулировать; упорядочивать; 3) лечить, исцелять; 4) налагать взыскание; наказывать (преступников); 5) подведомственный район; резиденция местных властей; 6) порядок, спокойствие, мир; умиротворитель (в последнем значении классическое чтение chí); 7) Чжи (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *Łhǝ, MC ḍɨ (FQ 直之) id. Later semantic developments are ('to regulate' >) 'to cure, heal; to punish'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1441

Vietnamese reading: trị

Shijing occurrences: 27.3_

Character: 泡

Modern (Beijing) reading: pào

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhrū

Classic Old Chinese: bhrū

Western Han Chinese: bhrǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: bhrǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̣̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhạ̄w

Middle Chinese: bạw

English meaning : foam [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пузыри (на воде); 2) волдырь; прыщ; 3) мочить, пропитывать; вымачивать; заваривать (чай); 4) уст. 72 юаня серебром; 5) вост. диал. раз, прием; порыв; [pāo] 1) рыхлый, неплотный; 2) течь; журчать

Comments: For *bh cf. Chaozhou pha⁴, Fuzhou phau⁶ (corresponding to an unattested variant MC *bạ́w). Also read *phrū, MC phạw, mod. pāo id.; MC bạ̀w, mod. (irreg.) pào 'water spring'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7114

Character: 泛

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ph(r)ams

Classic Old Chinese: ph(r)amh

Western Han Chinese: ph(r)amh

Eastern Han Chinese: ph(r)amh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Late Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Chinese: phwɨ̀m

English meaning : to float [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) плавать (носиться) по волнам; беззаботный; 2) разливаться (вширь); широкий; простор; 3) неопределенный; беспредельный; 4) необузданный, неукротимый; 5) общий, всеобщий; пан-, вм. 汎; 6) обыкновенный, вм. 凡

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 6445

Karlgren code: 0641 b

Character: 泊

Modern (Beijing) reading: bó

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhāk

Classic Old Chinese: bhāk

Western Han Chinese: bhāk

Eastern Han Chinese: bhāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhāk

Middle Chinese: bâk

English meaning : calm, still [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) причалить; стать на причал; 2) остановиться, стать; [pò] 1) молчаливый; спокойный; 2) озеро

Comments: A later developped meaning is 'to land' (*'to stop still'). For *bh cf. Xiamen phoʔ⁸.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 1637

Karlgren code: 0782 r

Character: 沬

Modern (Beijing) reading: mèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhāts

Classic Old Chinese: mhāć

Western Han Chinese: mhāś

Eastern Han Chinese: mhāś

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhāś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhā̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhā̀j

Middle Chinese: mwầj

English meaning : place name

Russian meaning[s]: ист. Мэй (столица Иньского союза племен)

Comments: During LZ used also for 'faint light; name of a star'. For *mh cf. Fuzhou muoi⁵.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 5333

Karlgren code: 0531 p

Character: 泯

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)inʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)ín

Western Han Chinese: m(h)jǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)jǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jín

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)jín

Middle Chinese: mjín

English meaning : be confused, disorderly, trouble

Russian meaning[s]: потонуть, погибнуть, исчезнуть

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 6715

Karlgren code: 0457 c

Character: 泖

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǎo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стоячая вода; 2) Мао (река в провинции Цзянсу)

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2101

Character: 泠

Modern (Beijing) reading: líng

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ēŋ

Western Han Chinese: r(h)ēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)iēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)iēŋ

Middle Chinese: lieŋ

English meaning : pure, clear [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) чистые (отчетливые) звуки; 2) мягкий, нежный; 3) актеры, музыканты, см. 伶

Comments: Also used for homonymous *r(h)ēŋ 'long and entangled; twisted together'.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2073

Karlgren code: 0823 j

Character: 炕

Modern (Beijing) reading: káng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кан (отапливаемая лежанка в Северном Китае); 2) сухой; высушить; высохнуть; поджарить (подсушить) на огне

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 7692

Character: 炎

Modern (Beijing) reading: yán

Preclassic Old Chinese: wam (?)

Classic Old Chinese: wam

Western Han Chinese: wam

Eastern Han Chinese: wam

Early Postclassic Chinese: wem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wem

Late Postclassic Chinese: wem

Middle Chinese: ɦem

English meaning : to blaze, burn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пламя; сжигать; горячий, жаркий; 2) воспалиться; воспаление; воспаленный

Comments: MC ɦem points to OC *wam, but the xiesheng series is basically a lateral one, thus OC *lam with an irregular development (MC ɦem instead of the expected *jem) may be also reconstructed.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 5488

Karlgren code: 0617 a-b