Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 怕

Modern (Beijing) reading: pà

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrāks

Classic Old Chinese: phrāh

Western Han Chinese: phrāh

Eastern Han Chinese: phrǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phạ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phạ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: phạ̄̀

Middle Chinese: pạ̀

English meaning : fear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бояться, опасаться; робеть, быть застенчивым; 2) боюсь, что...; пожалуй; как бы не...; 3) неужто, разве, неужели

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1630

Karlgren code: 0782 l

Character: 怡

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

English meaning : be cheerful, pleased

Russian meaning[s]: 1) блаженство, радость, веселье; 2) согласие

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 1429

Character: 性

Modern (Beijing) reading: xìng

Preclassic Old Chinese: seŋs

Classic Old Chinese: seŋh

Western Han Chinese: seŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: sjeŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjèŋ

Middle Chinese: sjèŋ

English meaning : nature

Russian meaning[s]: 1) характер, природа, натура; нрав; 2) свойство, качество; склонность; 3) жизнь; 4) пол; половой, сексуальный; 5) суффикс имен существительных, обозначающих свойство, качество -ость

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 387

Karlgren code: 0812 s

Vietnamese reading: tính

Character: 怩

Modern (Beijing) reading: ní

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)rǝj

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)rǝj

Western Han Chinese: ṇ(h)ǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ṇ(h)ǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)ij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)ij

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṇ(h)i

Middle Chinese: ṇi

English meaning : ashamed

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0563 b

Character: 怫

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Western Han Chinese: b(h)ǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wɨt

Middle Chinese: büt

English meaning : grieved, annoyed [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: недовольство; огорчение; [fèi] гнев, негодование; негодовать

Comments: Also read *b(h)ǝt-s, MC bwɨ̀j, Pek. fèi id.

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 4660

Karlgren code: 0500 o

Character: 怛

Modern (Beijing) reading: dá

Preclassic Old Chinese: tāt

Classic Old Chinese: tāt

Western Han Chinese: tāt

Eastern Han Chinese: tāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: tāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: tāt

Middle Chinese: tât

English meaning : be grieving

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скорбеть; трагичный; 2) испугаться

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 14

Karlgren code: 0149 g

Character: 或

Modern (Beijing) reading: huò

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝ̄k

Classic Old Chinese: whǝ̄k

Western Han Chinese: whǝ̄k

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝ̄k

Early Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: whǝ̄k

Middle Chinese: ɣwʌk

English meaning : some; somehow, perhaps

Russian meaning[s]: 1) или, либо; 2) может быть, возможно, пожалуй; 3) кто-то; некто, некий; некоторые; 4) древн. кто; 5) сомневаться, вм. 惑; [yù] древн. см. 域

Comments: A -k derivation (distributive) from 有 *whǝʔ 'there is'. In later times widely used in the meaning 'or, either' ( < "some...some...").

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 62

Four-angle index: 6803

Karlgren code: 0929 a-d

Vietnamese reading: hoặc

Shijing occurrences: 19.1

Character: 戕

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ́haŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʒhaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjaŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒjaŋ

English meaning : kill; injure; maltreat; spear

Russian meaning[s]: закалывать(ся); убивать; губить

Comments: For *ʒ́h cf. Chaozhou chaŋ2, Fuzhou chioŋ2.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 62

Four-angle index: 6760

Karlgren code: 0727 g-i

Character: 房

Modern (Beijing) reading: fáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: baŋ

Classic Old Chinese: baŋ

Western Han Chinese: baŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bwaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Middle Chinese: bwaŋ

English meaning : footstand; chamber

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дом; здание; 2) комната; отделение, ячейка; 3) ответвление семьи; отпрыск; 4) Фан (название созвездия); 5) половой акт; 6) Фан (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is phòng. For *b- cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou paŋ², Fuzhou puŋ², Jianou pɔŋ⁹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 63

Four-angle index: 4234

Karlgren code: 0740 y

Vietnamese reading: buồng

Character: 戾

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄ts

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: lìej

English meaning : to come to, arrive, reach, settle; offense, fault

Russian meaning[s]: 1) достигнуть, дойти; остановиться; утвердиться; 2) кривой; извращенный; 3) жестокий; преступный; преступление; [liè] скручивать; завинчивать, см. 捩

Comments: Also read *r(h)ǝ̄t, MC liet, Pek. lie id.

Radical: 63

Four-angle index: 4968

Karlgren code: 0532 a

Character: 所

Modern (Beijing) reading: suǒ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sraʔ

Classic Old Chinese: srá

Western Han Chinese: ṣá

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣó

Middle Chinese: ṣö́

English meaning : place, position, situation

Russian meaning[s]: 1) место, местонахождение; 2) учреждение; контора; бюро; канцелярия; 3) счетный суффикс домов и построек; 4) относительное местоимение в косвенном падеже тот, кого; который; префикс, при котором глагол получает значение объекта действия; 5) с лишним; 6) диал. весь, целиком; частица подлежащего с модальным оттенком; 7) Со (фамилия)

Comments: Also widely used for an homonymous relative pronoun *sraʔ 'which, whom' (originally probably the same word as *sraʔ 'place').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 63

Four-angle index: 1999

Karlgren code: 0091 a-c

Vietnamese reading: so`'

Shijing occurrences: 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 27.3, 37.3, 46.1, 46.2, 46.3, 54.4

Character: 承

Modern (Beijing) reading: chéng

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)ɨŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒ́iŋ

English meaning : to lift, hold up, present, receive; continue

Russian meaning[s]: 1) принять, получить; удостоиться получить; 2) взять на себя; взяться за...; 3) продолжать; наследовать; преемствовать; 4) поддерживать; почитать; услужить (кому-л.); 5) тех. гнездо; 6) помогать, вм. 丞; 7) Чэн (фамилия)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is thu'a (with a strange loss of the final dental).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5570

Karlgren code: 0896 c

Vietnamese reading: xù'ng

Character: 拉

Modern (Beijing) reading: lā

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄p

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄p

Western Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄p

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)ǝ̄p

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)ǝ̄p

Middle Chinese: lлp

English meaning : to break

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тянуть, тащить; везти (о рикше); 2) вести (с собой, за собой); 3) посредничать (напр. в торговле); 4) брать; собирать урожай; 5) играть (на смычковых инструментах); 6) южн. диал. вм. 了; 7) сломать, сорвать, разбить; 8) протянуть, продлить

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 545

Karlgren code: 0694 l

Character: 拌

Modern (Beijing) reading: bàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: phān

Classic Old Chinese: phān

Western Han Chinese: phān

Eastern Han Chinese: phān

Early Postclassic Chinese: phān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phān

Late Postclassic Chinese: phān

Middle Chinese: phwân

English meaning : to throw, throw away [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) смешивать, приправлять (кушанье); 2) примирять; смягчать; [pàn] 1) бросить, отказаться от...; 2) рискнуть, вм. 拼

Comments: Also read *phān-s, MC phwần (FQ JY 普半) id. The word is first attested only in the Fangyen (as a Chu word), thus a reconstruction *phār(-s) is also possible: it may be a dialectal correlate of 播 *pār q.v. Somewhat earlier (in Lüshi Chunqiu) the character was attested as a loan for 判 pàn q.v. A quite late reading (attested only since Song) is *bhānʔ, MC bwấn, mod. bàn 'to mix; to separate, cast away' (for *bh- cf. Xiamen phuan⁶).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2465

Karlgren code: 0181 e

Character: 拄

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: troʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tró

Western Han Chinese: ṭwá

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭwá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭwó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭwó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭwó

Middle Chinese: ṭǘ

English meaning : to prop up, support [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поддерживать, подпирать; подпираться; 2) сопротивляться; 3) критиковать; высмеивать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 358

Karlgren code: 0129 e

Character: 抿

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приглаживать (волосы щеткой); гладить; 2) сжимать

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6713

Character: 拂

Modern (Beijing) reading: fú

Preclassic Old Chinese: phǝt

Classic Old Chinese: phǝt

Western Han Chinese: phǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Middle Chinese: phüt

English meaning : to offend, oppose

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сметать; выбивать; подметать; метелка, мухогонка; 2) противиться, сопротивляться; идти против; вопреки, против; 3) стряхивать; встряхнуть; взмахнуть; 4) пройти наискось, срезать угол; [bì] помогать, вм. 弼

Comments: A somewhat later attested meaning (Late Zhou) is 'to stroke, brush, sweep off'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4663

Karlgren code: 0500 h

Vietnamese reading: phó't

Character: 抹

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǒ

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhāt

Classic Old Chinese: mhāt

Western Han Chinese: mhāt

Eastern Han Chinese: mhāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhāt

Middle Chinese: mwât

English meaning : to smear [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тереть, вымарывать; закрасить; стирать; вычеркивать; 2) играть (напр. в кости); 3) перерезать (горло); [mò] 1) мазать; 2) повернуть обратно; вернуть

Comments: For *mh cf. Xiamen buaʔ⁷, Chaozhou buaʔ⁷, Fuzhou maök⁷, muak⁷, Jianou muoi⁷, Meixian mat⁷.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5335

Character: 拒

Modern (Beijing) reading: jù

Preclassic Old Chinese: gaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: gá

Western Han Chinese: gá

Eastern Han Chinese: gá

Early Postclassic Chinese: gó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gó

Late Postclassic Chinese: gó

Middle Chinese: gö́

English meaning : oppose, ward off [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отталкивать; давать отпор, сопротивляться; 2) отказывать; отвергать; отказываться от...

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen ku⁶, Chaozhou kɨ⁴, Fuzhou köü⁶. Also used for *kʷaʔ (MC kǘ, Pek. jǔ) 'troops drawn up in squares' ( = 矩 q.v.).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 827

Karlgren code: 0095 i

Character: 招

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: taw (~ -ew)

Classic Old Chinese: taw

Western Han Chinese: taw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Middle Chinese: ćew

English meaning : to beckon, summon

Russian meaning[s]: 1) манить; звать; вербовать, набирать; приглашать, принимать; 2) накликать, навлечь; 3) повиниться, признаться (в преступлении); 4) присматривать; ухаживать; 5) Чжао (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1351

Karlgren code: 1131 l

Vietnamese reading: chiêu

Shijing occurrences: 34.4