Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 庖

Modern (Beijing) reading: páo

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)rū

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)rū

Western Han Chinese: b(h)rǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)rǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ǝ̣̄w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ạ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ạ̄w

Middle Chinese: bạw

English meaning : kitchen

Russian meaning[s]: 1) кухня; 2) заменять (кого-л.)

Radical: 53

Four-angle index: 7115

Karlgren code: 1113 e

Character: 延

Modern (Beijing) reading: yán

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łan

Classic Old Chinese: Łan

Western Han Chinese: lan

Eastern Han Chinese: źan

Early Postclassic Chinese: źen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jen

Late Postclassic Chinese: jen

Middle Chinese: jen

English meaning : to extend, prolong, continue; delay; invite

Russian meaning[s]: 1) откладывать, оттягивать; отсрочить; длиться, тянуться; продолжительный, затяжной; 2) растягивать; растяжение; 3) приглашать; принимать (гостей); нанимать (на работу); 4) Янь (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is diên. An archaic loan from the same source is Viet. lan 'to spread, extend'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 54

Four-angle index: 6646

Karlgren code: 0203 a

Vietnamese reading: dan

Character: 弦

Modern (Beijing) reading: xián

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghīn

Classic Old Chinese: ghīn

Western Han Chinese: ɣjǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣiǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣiēn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣiēn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣiēn

Middle Chinese: ɣien

English meaning : bow string; string of musical instrument [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тетива лука; 2) струна; струнные инструменты; 3) полумесяц; четверть луны; 4) мат. гипотенуза; 5) кит. мед. ускоренный пульс; 6) обр. жена

Comments: For *gh- cf. Putian iŋ².

Radical: 57

Four-angle index: 8687

Karlgren code: 0366 f

Character: 弧

Modern (Beijing) reading: hú

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ʷā

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)wā

Western Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣo

English meaning : bow; bent, curved

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лук; излучина; 2) арка; дуга; геом. хорда

Radical: 57

Four-angle index: 4874

Karlgren code: 0041 h

Character: 弩

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: nhāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nhā́

Western Han Chinese: nhā́

Eastern Han Chinese: nhā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: nhṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nhṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: nhṓ

Middle Chinese: nó

English meaning : cross-bow [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: самострел, арбалет

Comments: Viet. ná reflects PAA *sǝ-na / *pǝ-na 'cross-bow' ( = PAN *panah) id., which must be the source of the Chinese word; a later backloan is Viet. no` id.; standard Sino-Viet. is nỗ. In Chinese the word is witnessed since Late Zhou (Zhouli), but already in Shujing we meet a word 砮 *n(h)āʔ, *n(h)ā, MC nó, no, Mand. nǔ, Viet. nỗ 'flint arrowhead' - which may be historically the same word. For *nh- cf. Xiamen lɔ⁶, Jianou noŋ⁸.

Radical: 57

Four-angle index: 4630

Karlgren code: 0094 z

Vietnamese reading: ná

Character: 往

Modern (Beijing) reading: wǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: waŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: wáŋ

Western Han Chinese: wáŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: wáŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: wáŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wáŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: wáŋ

Middle Chinese: wáŋ

English meaning : to go, go ahead, march

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уходить; прошлое, прошлый; 2) направляться к..., идти в направлении...; 3) служебный глагол направления к, до, в; 4) перед прилагательными образует наречия, выражающие усиление качества (часто с послелогом 裡)

Comments: For *w- cf. Xiamen ɔŋ³, Chaozhou uaŋ³, Fuzhou uoŋ³. Etymology see under 于.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 357

Karlgren code: 0739 k

Vietnamese reading: vãng

Shijing occurrences: 26.2, 30.2

Character: 征

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: teŋ

Classic Old Chinese: teŋ

Western Han Chinese: teŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćeŋ

Middle Chinese: ćeŋ

English meaning : to march, march against, go on a campaign

Russian meaning[s]: 1) идти походом (войной); поход, экспедиция; отправиться в карательный поход; 2) взимать налоги; обложение; 3) путешествовать, странствовать; 4) Чжэн (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 487

Karlgren code: 0833 o-q

Vietnamese reading: chinh

Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 21.2_

Character: 彿

Modern (Beijing) reading: fú

Preclassic Old Chinese: phut

Classic Old Chinese: phwǝt

Western Han Chinese: phwǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨt

Middle Chinese: phüt

English meaning : indistinct, appear like [LZ]

Comments: Only in compounds.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0500 i-j

Character: 彼

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: pajʔ

Classic Old Chinese: páj

Western Han Chinese: páj

Eastern Han Chinese: páj

Early Postclassic Chinese: páj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: páj

Late Postclassic Chinese: páj

Middle Chinese: pé

English meaning : that, there

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тот; другой, иной; он; другая сторона; противник; партнер; 2) древн. не являться, не быть, вм. 非

Shuowen gloss: 往有所加也.從ぉ皮聲. [76]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 60

Four-angle index: 6087

Karlgren code: 0025 g

Shijing occurrences: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 10.1, 10.2, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1, 21.1, 21.2, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 25.2, 26.1, 26.2, 32.1, 32.2, 33.3, 38.4, 39.1, 45.1, 45.2, 47.3, 50.2, 50.3, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 54.3, 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, 58.2

Character: 忝

Modern (Beijing) reading: tiǎn

English meaning : to disgrace

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стыд, позор; опозорить; унизить; опозоренный; 2) вежл. мой

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8330

Character: 忠

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: truŋ

Classic Old Chinese: truŋ

Western Han Chinese: ṭǝuŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭǝuŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭɨuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭuŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭuŋ

Middle Chinese: ṭüŋ

English meaning : faithful, loyal [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: верность, преданность; лояльность; верный; лояльный

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8418

Karlgren code: 1007 k

Vietnamese reading: trung

Character: 忽

Modern (Beijing) reading: hū

Preclassic Old Chinese: sm(h)ǝ̄t

Classic Old Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: (s)m̥ǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: xot

English meaning : to destroy; careless, confused

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вдруг, неожиданно, внезапно; 2) презирать, не обращать внимания, пренебрегать; 3) очень малая величина; крошечный; одна десятитысячная фэнь, одна тысячная ли; 4) Ху (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8445

Karlgren code: 0503 l

Character: 念

Modern (Beijing) reading: niàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: nīms

Classic Old Chinese: nīmh

Western Han Chinese: njǝ̄mh

Eastern Han Chinese: niǝ̄mh

Early Postclassic Chinese: niḕm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: niḕm

Late Postclassic Chinese: niḕm

Middle Chinese: nìem

English meaning : to think of, remember, remind; care about

Russian meaning[s]: 1) думать; вспоминать (о чем-л.); мечта, дума; 2) читать вслух (нараспев); заучивать наизусть; 3) двадцать

Comments: In Viet. cf. also niềm 'sentiment, feeling' (pointing to an unattested MC *niem < *nīm ?). For *n- cf. Min forms: Xiamen liam⁶, Chaozhou liǝm⁴, Fuzhou nieŋ⁶, Jianou niŋ⁶, naŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8424

Karlgren code: 0670 a-c

Vietnamese reading: niệm

Shijing occurrences: 35.6

Character: 忿

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: phǝ̆nʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phǝ́n

Western Han Chinese: phǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́n

Middle Chinese: phǘn

English meaning : anger, indignation

Russian meaning[s]: гнев; негодование; негодующий; гневный; разгневаться

Comments: Also read *phǝnʔ-s, MC phǜn, Mand. fèn id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8442

Karlgren code: 0471 g

Character: 怏

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔaŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔáŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʔáŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔáŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔáŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔáŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔáŋ

English meaning : disconcerted, discontented [LZ]

Comments: Also read *ʔaŋʔ-s, MC ʔàŋ id. (whence modern yàng).

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0718 d

Character: 怔

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhēng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) испугаться, бояться; 2) нервное расстройство; ослабление нервной системы; [lèng] см. 愣

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 486

Character: 怯

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: kh(r)ap

Classic Old Chinese: kh(r)ap

Western Han Chinese: kh(r)ap

Eastern Han Chinese: kh(r)ap

Early Postclassic Chinese: khap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝp

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝp

Middle Chinese: khǝp

English meaning : be afraid

Russian meaning[s]: 1) трусливый; трусить; 2) вульгарный; неотесанный

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 8640

Karlgren code: 0642 j

Character: 怵

Modern (Beijing) reading: chú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛhut

Classic Old Chinese: ƛhwǝt

Western Han Chinese: ƛhwǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥wǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhwit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhwit

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhwit

Middle Chinese: ṭhwit

English meaning : alarmed, anxious [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пугать(ся), робеть; стыдиться; 2) запугивать; вынуждать, заставлять; 3) грустить, печалиться

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 6919

Karlgren code: 0497 h

Character: 怖

Modern (Beijing) reading: bù

Russian meaning[s]: испугаться, перепугаться; быть терроризированным; терроризировать

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 3862

Character: 怪

Modern (Beijing) reading: guài

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrǝ̄s

Classic Old Chinese: kwrǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: kwrǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: kwrǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwǝ̣̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiǝ̣̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiǝ̣̄̀j

Middle Chinese: kwạ̈̀j

English meaning : be strange, unusual

Russian meaning[s]: 1) странный, удивительный; сверхъестественный; удивляться, поражаться; 2) весьма, очень; 3) оборотень, привидение; 4) укорять, винить

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is quái.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 61

Four-angle index: 221

Vietnamese reading: quấy