Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 垃

Modern (Beijing) reading: la

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 坷

Modern (Beijing) reading: ke

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 坪

Modern (Beijing) reading: píng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhreŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bhreŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhreŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhreŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bheŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bheŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bheŋ

Middle Chinese: bäiŋ

English meaning : plain [Han]

Comments: For *bh cf. Xiamen phiŋ², Chaozhou phĩã², pheŋ². Etymologically obviously = 平 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 坩

Modern (Beijing) reading: gān

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глиняная посуда; чайник; 2) горн для плавления стекла (металла); изложница, тигель

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 1023

Character: 坡

Modern (Beijing) reading: pō

Russian meaning[s]: скат, склон

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 6080

Character: 坦

Modern (Beijing) reading: tǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: thānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: thā́n

Western Han Chinese: thā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: thā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: thā́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thā́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: thā́n

Middle Chinese: thấn

English meaning : level; at ease

Russian meaning[s]: 1) равнина; 2) спокойный, безмятежный; 3) откровенный, открытый; 4) зять

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 12

Karlgren code: 0149 d

Character: 坤

Modern (Beijing) reading: kūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: khūn (~ -r)

Classic Old Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: khon

English meaning : earth [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) земля как женское начало; женщина; женский; супруга, жена; 2) покорность

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 2642

Karlgren code: 0421 a

Character: 坼

Modern (Beijing) reading: chè

Preclassic Old Chinese: thrāk

Classic Old Chinese: thrāk

Western Han Chinese: ṭhāk

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭhāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhạ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhạ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhạ̄k

Middle Chinese: ṭhạik

English meaning : to split, rend

Russian meaning[s]: 1) трещины; трескаться; лопаться, разрывать(ся); прорастать (о зернах); распускаться; 2) см. 拆

Comments: Also read cè in Mand.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 32

Four-angle index: 2019

Karlgren code: 0792 d

Character: 夜

Modern (Beijing) reading: yè

Preclassic Old Chinese: lias

Classic Old Chinese: liah

Western Han Chinese: liah

Eastern Han Chinese: źäh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źà

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jà

Late Postclassic Chinese: jà

Middle Chinese: jà

English meaning : night

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ночь; ночью; ночной; из ночи в ночь; вечером; вечерний; 2) мрак, темнота; темный; 3) путешествовать ночью

Shuowen gloss: 舍也.天下休舍.從夕.亦省聲. [315]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 36

Four-angle index: 6342

Karlgren code: 0800 j-k

Vietnamese reading: dạ

Shijing occurrences: 13.3, 17.1_, 21.1, 58.5

Character: 奉

Modern (Beijing) reading: fèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bhoŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: bhóŋ

Western Han Chinese: bhóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bhóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bhóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bhóŋ

Middle Chinese: bö́uŋ

English meaning : hold with both hands;hold up,present,receive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) принимать от высшего; вручать высшему; брать (подносить) обеими руками; 2) служить, прислуживать; почитать; 3) вежл. иметь честь, иметь удовольствие; 4) поддерживать; выдвигать; 5) жалованье, см. 俸; 6) сокр. устар. г. Мукден; мукденский

Comments: Also read MC phö́uŋ, OC *phoŋʔ id. There are several related characters: 捧 pěng, MC phö́uŋ, OC *phoŋʔ 'to hold up with both hands' (attested since L. Chou), as well as 摓 féng, MC böuŋ, OC *bhoŋ id. (attested since Han). Although the latter MC reading is attested only in Jiyün, it is supported by Fuchou phuŋ² (pointing to *bh-) and by the Vietnamese loanword bồng 'to carry (a child) in one's arms' (note that the literary Sino-Viet. reading of 奉 is phụng). A very similar form is Viet. bu'ng 'to carry with both hands', possibly reflecting a variant *phoŋ (with even tone?).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 2452

Karlgren code: 1197 |z-a ́

Vietnamese reading: bồng

Character: 奇

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: kaj

Classic Old Chinese: kaj

Western Han Chinese: kaj

Eastern Han Chinese: ke

Early Postclassic Chinese: ke

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ke

Late Postclassic Chinese: ke

Middle Chinese: ke

English meaning : odd, single, one of a pair

Russian meaning[s]: 1) странный, необыкновенный; редкий; 2) удивляться, изумляться

Comments: Missing from Schüssler's dictionary, although attested already in Yijing. A somewhat later [LZ] reading (obviously related to *kaj) is OC *gaj, MC ge, Mand. qí, Viet. kỳ 'extraordinary, strange'. For *g here cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou ki² (Chaozhou khi² is secondary).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 3004

Karlgren code: 0001 s

Vietnamese reading: co'

Character: 奈

Modern (Beijing) reading: nài

Russian meaning[s]: 1) как?, каким образом?; 2) средство, способ; мера (против чего-л.); 3) терпеть, выносить, вм. 耐

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 8199

Character: 奄

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔramʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrám

Western Han Chinese: ʔrám

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔrám

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔém

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔém

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔém

Middle Chinese: ʔém

English meaning : be spreading over, covering; extensively

Russian meaning[s]: 1) покрывать; обнимать; охватывать; 2) вдруг, внезапно; [yān] 1) откладывать, медлить, задерживаться, вм. 淹; 2) евнух, вм. 閹

Comments: In the narrow sense 'to cover with the hand(s), arm(s)' the word is written (since Late Zhou) as 掩. The standard Sino-Viet. reading is yê`m.

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 7277

Karlgren code: 0614 a

Vietnamese reading: ôm

Character: 奔

Modern (Beijing) reading: bēn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝ̄r

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: pon

English meaning : to run, flee

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бежать, торопиться, мчаться; 2) потерпеть поражение и бежать; обратиться в бегство; 3) хлопотать (о чем-либо), бегать за...

Comments: Also read *pǝ̄r-s, MC pòn (FQ 甫悶) id. Frequently used in the expression 奔走 *pǝ̄r-ćōʔ 'to be busy, busy oneself for'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 37

Four-angle index: 2768

Karlgren code: 0438 a-d

Shijing occurrences: 49.1, 49.2_

Character: 妾

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiè

Preclassic Old Chinese: shap

Classic Old Chinese: shap

Western Han Chinese: shap

Eastern Han Chinese: shjap

Early Postclassic Chinese: shjap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shjap

Late Postclassic Chinese: shjap

Middle Chinese: chjep

English meaning : servant girl, slave woman

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наложница, любовница; 2) вежл. уст. я (женщина о себе)

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 8794

Karlgren code: 0635 a-c

Vietnamese reading: thiếp

Character: 妻

Modern (Beijing) reading: qī

Preclassic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: chiej

English meaning : consort, wife

Russian meaning[s]: жена; [qì] женить на дочери

Comments: Also read (although attested only since Late Zhou) *shǝ̄j-s, MC chìej (FQ 七計), Pek. qì 'to marry, take as wife'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 8800

Karlgren code: 0592 a-d

Shijing occurrences: 34.3, 57.1_

Character: 委

Modern (Beijing) reading: wěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷajʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwáj

Western Han Chinese: ʔwáj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwáj

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwáj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwáj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwáj

Middle Chinese: ʔwé

English meaning : to send, order; entrust [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) назначить, уполномочить; 2) командировать; делегировать; поручить; 3) снять с себя, сложить; отговариваться; бросить; 4) результат, конец; 5) действительно, правда; 6) сокр. комитет; член комитета; 7) собираться, скапливаться; 8) вянуть; приходить в упадок, см. 萎; 9) Вэй (фамилия); [wēi] 1) извилистый, кривой; 2) легкий, свободный

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *ʔʷajʔ 'to bend, curve' (possibly a variant of 宛 *ʔʷarʔ q.v.). Note that the reading *ʔʷajʔ with all the listed meanings appears only since Late Zhou. Before that the character was only used for *ʔʷaj (MC ʔwe, FQ 於為, Mand. wēi) in several compounds: 委遲 *ʔʷaj-Łhǝj 'be winding' (here it is usually written with the 9th radical), 委佗 *ʔʷaj-lāj, 委蛇 *ʔʷaj-laj 'be graceful, compliant, gracious'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 8843

Karlgren code: 0357 a

Vietnamese reading: u`y

Shijing occurrences: 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 47.1

Character: 妹

Modern (Beijing) reading: mèi

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhǝ̄ts

Classic Old Chinese: mhǝ̄ć

Western Han Chinese: mhǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: mhǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: mòj

English meaning : younger sister

Russian meaning[s]: 1) младшая сестра; 2) я (к сверстнику); ты, Вы (к сестрам, младшим по возрасту)

Comments: For *mh- cf. Xiamen be⁶, Chaozhou mue⁶, Fuzhou muoi⁵, Jianou müɛ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 5332

Karlgren code: 0531 k-m

Shijing occurrences: 57.1_

Character: 妮

Modern (Beijing) reading: ni

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 姑

Modern (Beijing) reading: gū

Preclassic Old Chinese: kā

Classic Old Chinese: kā

Western Han Chinese: kā

Eastern Han Chinese: kā

Early Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kō

Late Postclassic Chinese: kō

Middle Chinese: ko

English meaning : father's sister, aunt, mother-in-law

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тетка; свекровь; сестра мужа; 2) женщина; девушка; 3) пока, временно

Shuowen gloss: 夫母也.從女.古聲. [615]

Comments:

The original meaning is present already in early inscriptions (see
Schüssler 203); in the classics, however, the character is used only as a loan for a homonymous *kā 'for a time, meanwhile'.

The OC *kā 'father's sister' seems to have no connections in Sino-Tibetan languages. It resembles the PA kinship term *äk`a, but the resemblance may be purely coincidental ("children's word").

The etymology of *kā 'meanwhile, for a time' is also not quite clear. The closest existing parallel is Tib. ãga 'some, something, somebody', used also in the meaning 'sometimes' (but considered in this meaning to be a contraction of lan-ãga). It seems probable that both the Chinese and the Tibetan words are derived from the common ST demonstrative stem *kă (see under 其), but the details are yet to be found out.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 1283

Karlgren code: 0049 g-h

Vietnamese reading: cô

Jianchuan Bai: -ku4

Dali Bai: -ku5

Bijiang Bai: -qü4

Shijing occurrences: 3.3, 3.4, 39.2