Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 辛

Modern (Beijing) reading: xīn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sin

Classic Old Chinese: sin

Western Han Chinese: sjǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjin

Middle Chinese: sjin

Fanqie: 西因

Rhyme class: 真

English meaning : the 8th of the Heavenly Stems

Russian meaning[s]: 1) горький, терпкий; острый; 2) удручающий, тяжелый, скорбный; тяжело трудиться; 3) восьмой циклический знак десятеричного цикла; восьмой; 4) Синь (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 秋時萬物成而孰. 金剛味辛. 辛痛即泣出. 從一. 從[辛]. [辛]罪也. 辛承庚象人股. 凡辛之屬皆從辛.

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *sin 'be bitter, pungent, painful'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 160

Four-angle index: 2405

Karlgren code: 0382 a-f

Jianchuan Bai: ćhĩ4

Dali Bai: ćhi4

Bijiang Bai: chẽ4

Character: 辰

Modern (Beijing) reading: chén

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝr

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: d(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)ǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)in

Middle Chinese: ʒ́in

Fanqie: 匙寅

Rhyme class: 真

English meaning : the 5th of the Earthly Branches

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 5-й циклический знак из 12; время с 7 до 9 часов утра; утро; 2) 12-теричный цикл; знаки зодиака; 3) время; день; 4) небесные тела; созвездие; 5) сокр. г. Чэньчжоу (в провинции Хунань)

Shuowen gloss: 震也. 三月陽气動. 雷電振民. 農時也. 物皆生. 從乙匕. 象芒達. 厂聲也. 辰房星天時也. 從二. 二古文上字. 凡辰之屬皆從辰.

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *d(h)ǝr 'planet; date, point in time'. Standard Sino-Viet. is thần.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 161

Four-angle index: 5638

Karlgren code: 0455 a-g

Vietnamese reading: thìn

Character: 迂

Modern (Beijing) reading: yū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷa

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwa

Western Han Chinese: ʔwa

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Middle Chinese: ʔü

English meaning : to bend, deflect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) далекий; обходный; обходить; 2) далекий от жизни, непрактичный; 3) кривой, согнутый; согбенный; 4) искаженный, неверный; исказить, извратить; 5) неопределенный, неясный, смутный

Comments: Also read *w(h)a, MC ɦü, Pek. yú id.

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6528

Karlgren code: 0097 p

Character: 迆

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaj

Classic Old Chinese: Łaj

Western Han Chinese: laj

Eastern Han Chinese: źe

Early Postclassic Chinese: źe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: je

Late Postclassic Chinese: je

Middle Chinese: je

English meaning : slant, deflect

Russian meaning[s]: см. 迤

Comments: Also read *Łajʔ, MC jé, Pek. yǐ id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6611

Character: 迅

Modern (Beijing) reading: xùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sins

Classic Old Chinese: sinh

Western Han Chinese: sjǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjìn

Middle Chinese: sjìn

English meaning : rapid, sudden [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: быстрый, скорый, стремительный

Comments: Labialisation in the alternative MC reading sjwìn is not quite clear; initially also *slh- or *snh- can be reconstructed.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6619

Karlgren code: 0383 b

Character: 迄

Modern (Beijing) reading: qì

Preclassic Old Chinese: hǝt

Classic Old Chinese: hǝt

Western Han Chinese: hǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: hɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: hɨt

Middle Chinese: xɨt

English meaning : to reach to, come to the point that

Russian meaning[s]: 1) достигнуть, дойти до...; до; 2) длиться, продолжаться; 3) до сих пор, доныне

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6620

Karlgren code: 0517 k-l

Character: 巡

Modern (Beijing) reading: xún

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhun

Classic Old Chinese: lhwǝn

Western Han Chinese: lhwǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: zhwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨn

Middle Chinese: zjwin

English meaning : to go around, to patrol, inspect

Russian meaning[s]: 1) патрулировать; объезжать; крейсировать; 2) ездить с инспекторским осмотром, инспектировать

Comments: Attested already in Shujing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 47

Four-angle index: 6632

Karlgren code: 0462 e

Vietnamese reading: tuần

Character: 邑

Modern (Beijing) reading: yì [+è]

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝp

Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝp

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔip

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔip

Middle Chinese: ʔip

Fanqie: 衣吸

Rhyme class: 緝 [a] 合 [b]

English meaning : settlement, town, city

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уездный город; уезд; район; древн. удел, княжество; феод; 2) см. 悒

Shuowen gloss: 國也. 從口. 先王之制尊卑. 有大小. 從[凡]. 凡邑之屬皆從邑.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 7137

Karlgren code: 0683 a-e

Vietnamese reading: ấp

Character: 邢

Modern (Beijing) reading: xíng

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ēŋ

Western Han Chinese: gēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: giēŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣieŋ

English meaning : place name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ист. Син (княжество); 2) Син (фамилия)

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2167

Shijing occurrences: 57.1

Character: 邪

Modern (Beijing) reading: xié

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhia

Classic Old Chinese: lhia

Western Han Chinese: lhia

Eastern Han Chinese: zhä

Early Postclassic Chinese: zha

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zha

Late Postclassic Chinese: zha

Middle Chinese: zja

English meaning : slant, swerve

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лукавый, зловредный; порочный; 2) превратный, ложный; 3) странный; еретический; наваждение; 4) мед. вредное влияние климата; 5) косой, наклонный; [yé] конечная частица, вм. 耶; [yú] остатки, излишки, см. 餘

Comments: The original reading must have been *lia, MC ja, Pek. yé 'a place name' (during LZ more usually written as 耶); a homonymous form is employed in Yijing as an interrogative particle *lhia (contraction of 也 + 乎 *lhiaj + wā). In post-Han time frequently written as 斜. Viet. lé is an archaic loanword (used only in the sense 'squint'); regular Sino-Viet. is tà. Cf. perhaps also xế 'to incline, decline'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2176

Karlgren code: 0047 a

Vietnamese reading: lé

Shijing occurrences: 41.1_, 41.2_, 41.3_

Character: 邦

Modern (Beijing) reading: bāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: prōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: prōŋ

Western Han Chinese: prōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: prōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: pạuŋ

English meaning : country

Russian meaning[s]: государство, держава; страна; штат

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Viet. vùng 'zone, region, country'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2157

Karlgren code: 1197 e-h

Vietnamese reading: bang

Shijing occurrences: 47.3, 54.4

Character: 那

Modern (Beijing) reading: nǎ nà

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)ār

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)ān

Western Han Chinese: n(h)ān

Eastern Han Chinese: n(h)ān

Early Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān

Late Postclassic Chinese: n(h)ān

Middle Chinese: nâ

English meaning : (Sch.:) perhaps: be rich

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тот; этот; о более далеких или отсутствующих определенных предметах с суффиксами в соответствии с разрядом существительного; 2) там; туда; 3) так; в таком случае; [nǎ] 1) который, какой; с суффиксами в соответствии с разрядом существительного; 2) где?; куда?; как?; [nuó] 1) как, каково; 2) сокр. Норвегия, вм. 挪; [-na] конечная частица, см. �; [ná] 1) много; 2) спокойно; [nā] На (фамилия)

Comments: In oldest texts the character is used only with the meaning 'to be rich' (sometimes within a compound 猗那 *ʔār-nār id.). The pronominal meaning (at first only interrogative) appears only during Late Zhou - as a synonym for 奈 *n(h)āts 'so what?' (q.v.). Later, during Wei, the character is used for a (probably related) interrogative *n(h)ā́ > MC nấ, Mand. nuǒ (colloq. nǎ) 'how, what'. Finally, since Tang demonstrative usage is witnessed: MC nầ, Mand. nuò (colloq. nà) 'that'. The standard Sino-Viet. reading is nã; này may be an old loanword, or else may be just a rather universal pronominal stem (in Viet. cf. also nó 'he', nọ 'other').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 163

Four-angle index: 2190

Karlgren code: 0350 a

Vietnamese reading: này

Jianchuan Bai: -na6

Dali Bai: -na6

Bijiang Bai: no2-

Character: 酉

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: luʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lú

Western Han Chinese: lǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: źíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jíw

Late Postclassic Chinese: jíw

Middle Chinese: jǝ́w

English meaning : 10th of the Earthly Branches

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 10-ый циклический знак из 12; рубрика 10; время с 5 до 7 часов вечера; октябрь (в телеграммах); 2) древн. сосуд для приготовления вина

Radical: 164

Four-angle index: 1931

Karlgren code: 1096 a-g

Vietnamese reading: dậu

Character: 釆

Modern (Beijing) reading: biàn

Russian meaning[s]: различать, см. 辨

Radical: 165

Four-angle index: 5430

Character: 里

Modern (Beijing) reading: lǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: rǝ́

Western Han Chinese: rǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨ́

Middle Chinese: lɨ́

English meaning : village, neighborhood, community; measure of distance, about 1/2 km, or 1/3 of a mile; suffering

Russian meaning[s]: 1) деревня, поселок, селение; деревенский; 2) переулок, тупик; "дома" (доходные здания с большим количеством квартир); 3) соседство; соседский; 4) ли (мера длины, равная 0,576 км); 5) вм. 裡; 6) Ли (фамилия)

Comments: For *r cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou li³.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 166

Four-angle index: 423

Character: 防

Modern (Beijing) reading: fáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: baŋ

Classic Old Chinese: baŋ

Western Han Chinese: baŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bwaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwaŋ

Middle Chinese: bwaŋ

English meaning : to withstand; (what withstands:) a match; a dyke

Russian meaning[s]: 1) преграждать; защищать, оборонять; предупреждать (что-л.), принимать меры предосторожности; оборона, защита; 2) дамба, плотина; 3) препятствовать, мешать, вм. 妨; 4) военное поселение, стоянка гарнизона; 5) Фан (фамилия)

Comments: For *b cf. Jianou poŋ⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 4226

Karlgren code: 0740 |z-a ́

Vietnamese reading: phòng

Character: 阮

Modern (Beijing) reading: ruǎn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Жуань (название древнего княжества); 2) племянник; 3) Юань (фамилия)

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 7296

Character: 阱

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǐng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)eŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)éŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)éŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)jéŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jéŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jéŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jéŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒjéŋ

English meaning : pit [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: волчья яма (для ловли животных); западня

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 2775

Karlgren code: 0819 i

Character: 阪

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: brānʔ

Classic Old Chinese: brā́n

Western Han Chinese: brā́n

Eastern Han Chinese: brā́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: bạ̄́n

Middle Chinese: bạ́n

English meaning : slope, bank

Russian meaning[s]: откос; склон горы; косогор

Comments: Also read: MC pwǝ́n, OC *panʔ id.

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 5964

Karlgren code: 0262 g

Character: 阬

Modern (Beijing) reading: kēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khrāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: khrāŋ

Western Han Chinese: khrāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khrēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khẹ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khẹ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khẹ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: khạ̈iŋ

English meaning : pit, hole [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: см. 坑

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 7687

Karlgren code: 0698 i