Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 較

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiào

Preclassic Old Chinese: krākʷ

Classic Old Chinese: krāuk

Western Han Chinese: krāuk

Eastern Han Chinese: krāuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: kạ̄uk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: kọ̄k

Middle Chinese: kạuk

English meaning : side-bars of a carriage

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сравнивать, сопоставлять, сличать; сравнительно, относительно; 2) мат. разность; 3) ясный, очевидный; 4) в общих чертах, в основном; [jué] мериться (силами), состязаться, см. 角

Comments: Since Han used also as a loan for 交 (whence the standard modern reading, although the reading Pek. jué also exists).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 6381

Karlgren code: 1166 |b ́

Go-on: kaku

Kan-on: kaku

Japanese reading: kaku;kuraberu

Shijing occurrences: 55.3_

Character: 載

Modern (Beijing) reading: zài

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćǝ̄s (~ -ks)

Classic Old Chinese: cǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: cǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: cǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: cʌ̀j

English meaning : to load, carry; pour, fill in; conveyance; to wear

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нагружать; груз; наполнять; класть в...; 2) перевозить на...; ехать на...; на; 3) помещать в (напр. газетах); записывать, регистрировать, заносить в книги; литература, книги; 4) ставить, выставлять; подавать (на стол); 5) превосходить; 6) начинать(ся); 7) снова, еще раз, вторично, вм. 再; 8) древн. так; в таком случае; то; [zǎi] год

Comments: With the meaning 'to wear' the character has also a rather obscure MC reading tл̀j (a dialectal variant of cл́j?). Also read *ʒ́ǝ̄(k)-s, MC ʒл̀j (FQ 昨代), Pek. zài 'a load' (although this meaning is sometimes also read with a voiceless initial). The character is also used for a homonymous *ćǝ̄(k)-s 'to initiate, start work; undertaking' (perhaps related to 作 *ćāk 'act, do, make'); for *ćǝ̄ʔ, MC cл́j (FQ 作亥), Pek. zǎi 'a turn, a year'; sometimes also instead of 再 *ćǝ̄(k)-s 'twice, again' (q.v.). Old Chinese rhymes point to *-(k)-s (EZ -h) rather than *-ʔ-s (EZ -ʔh) (although there are some dubious cases). Strangely enough, Sino-Vietnamese has reversed MC tones: it has ta`i for 'to carry' (MC cл̀j), but tái for 'year' (MC cл́j).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 159

Four-angle index: 6821

Karlgren code: 0943 |a ́-b ́

Vietnamese reading: ta`i

Shijing occurrences: 32.4, 54.1, 58.2

Character: 辟

Modern (Beijing) reading: pì

Preclassic Old Chinese: bek

Classic Old Chinese: bek

Western Han Chinese: bek

Eastern Han Chinese: bjek

Early Postclassic Chinese: bjek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bjek

Late Postclassic Chinese: bjek

Middle Chinese: bjek

English meaning : corrective measures, punishment

Russian meaning[s]: 1) наказывать; наказание; 2) открывать; поднимать; 3) искоренять, уничтожать; устранять, вм. 闢; 4) захолустье; отдаленный, захолустный, вм. 僻; [bì] 1) государь, монарх; князь; 2) вызвать, призвать; вызов, призыв (на государственную службу); 3) закон; 4) избегать, уклоняться от..., вм. 避; 5) искоренять, уничтожать

Comments: Also read: MC pjek (必益), OC *pek 'anyone who has the authority to take corrective measures and to give orders, i.e. the king, feudal lords, governing officials: sovereign, governing official, the authorities'. Frequently used as a loan for: 璧 *pek 'a circular object'; 闢 *bek 'to open up'; 擗 *bek 'to beat the breast' (thus in Shi 26,4); 僻 *phek 'be depraved, perverse'.

Radical: 160

Four-angle index: 2407

Karlgren code: 0853 a-c

Shijing occurrences: 26.4

Character: 運

Modern (Beijing) reading: yùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝrs

Classic Old Chinese: wǝnh

Western Han Chinese: wǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: wɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: ɦǜn

English meaning : to move, transfer, activate; (movement >) fate

Russian meaning[s]: 1) двигаться; вращаться; 2) передвигать; перевозить; транспортировать; 3) применять, пускать в ход; 4) судьба; 5) протяжение с севера на юг; 6) Юнь (фамилия)

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary. Another loan from the same source is Viet. vần 'move a heavy thing to another place'. Standard Sino-Viet. is vận. For *w cf. Xiamen un⁶, Chaozhou uŋ⁶, Fuzhou oŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6518

Karlgren code: 0458 d

Vietnamese reading: vặn

Character: 遊

Modern (Beijing) reading: yóu

Preclassic Old Chinese: lu

Classic Old Chinese: lu

Western Han Chinese: lǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: źǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: źiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jiw

Late Postclassic Chinese: jiw

Middle Chinese: jǝw

English meaning : to float, wander about, ramble, divert oneself

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бродить, гулять; кочевать; путешествовать; бродячий, кочевой; подвижный, передвижной; 2) слоняться без дела; развлекаться; наслаждаться; беспутный; 3) действовать, легко управляться (напр. с ножом); 4) действовать молниеносно; партизанить; летучий; 5) плавать, см. 游; 6) ходить с проповедью, проповедовать (свое учение); 7) обращаться; учиться у...

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6524

Karlgren code: 1080 g

Character: 道

Modern (Beijing) reading: dào

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lhū́

Western Han Chinese: lhǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhā́w

Middle Chinese: dấw

English meaning : road, way, route, method

Russian meaning[s]: 1) путь, дорога; орбита; подход; 2) метод, средство; принцип; 3) мораль, этика; справедливость; 4) учение; истина; логос; даос. Дао, высший абсолютный закон; даосизм; даосский; 5) молвить, сказать; произнести; заявить о...; принести (поздравления, извинения); 6) ист. округ (часть провинции); окружной; окружные власти; даотай, даоинь (начальник округа); 7) вести; вводить; направлять, см. 導; из; от; 8) полоса, царапина (на предмете); 9) сорт, ряд, толк; 10) счетный суффикс а) длинных предметов; б) приказов, руководств, указаний; в) для обозначения регулярного приема пищи; 11) Дао (фамилия)

Comments: Since Chinese dentals are in some cases rendered by Viet. n-, we may compare also Viet. ne`o 'way, direction'. The word is most probably of Austric origin: cf. Yao lǝu.6 'trail, road', Thai lu:.B 'road, way', PAA *lVw 'road'.

A derived word is 導 OC *lhūʔ-s, MC dầw 'to lead', which has a colloquial Xiamen reflex chua⁶, allowing to reconstruct aspiration for OC.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6480

Karlgren code: 1048 a-c

Vietnamese reading: d_ạo

Jianchuan Bai: thu1

Dali Bai: thu1

Bijiang Bai: ṭhü1

Shijing occurrences: 33.3, 35.2, 46.1_

Character: 遂

Modern (Beijing) reading: suì

Preclassic Old Chinese: lhuts

Classic Old Chinese: lhwǝć

Western Han Chinese: lhwǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: zhwǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: zhwɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: zjwì

English meaning : to advance, accomplish, achieve

Russian meaning[s]: 1) удовлетворить желание; исполниться по желанию, сбыться; 2) завершиться успехом; успех; 3) достигать; идти вперед; продвигаться; 4) следовать; в порядке, по порядку; 5) перед сказуемым подчеркивает причинно-следственную или временную связь предложения с предыдущим: и следовательно, и тем самым, и отсюда, и так, и вслед за тем, и таким образом, и тогда, и в связи с этим

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6582

Karlgren code: 0526 d-e

Shijing occurrences: 39.2, 58.5

Character: 達

Modern (Beijing) reading: dá

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)āt

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)āt

Western Han Chinese: d(h)āt

Eastern Han Chinese: d(h)āt

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)āt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)āt

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)āt

Middle Chinese: dât

English meaning : to break through (as growing grain); penetrate, come through; be born; communicate; come forward, become prominent

Russian meaning[s]: 1) достичь, дойти до...; 2) пройти, проникнуть; 3) постичь, познать, понимать; овладеть; 4) сообщить; довести до сведения; 5) развитой, разумный; проницательный; 6) Да (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *thāt, MC thât, Pek. tà 'go to and fro'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6499

Karlgren code: 0271 b-c.

Character: 違

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Preclassic Old Chinese: wǝj

Classic Old Chinese: wǝj

Western Han Chinese: wǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: wǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: wɨj

Middle Chinese: wɨj

English meaning : to go against, disobey, oppose, resist; go far away, go too far, transgress, unwilling

Russian meaning[s]: 1) преступать; нарушать; ослушаться; идти вразрез; вопреки, в нарушение; 2) избегать, уклоняться; 3) быть в разлуке, находиться далеко; 4) проступок; ошибка, искажение

Comments: For *w cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou, Fuzhou ui².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6506

Karlgren code: 0571 d-e

Shijing occurrences: 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 35.1_, 35.2_

Character: 遇

Modern (Beijing) reading: yù

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋos

Classic Old Chinese: ŋoh

Western Han Chinese: ŋwah

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwò

Middle Chinese: ŋǜ

English meaning : to meet with, encounter

Russian meaning[s]: 1) встретиться [нечаянно]; натолкнуться; 2) попасть (в беду); подвергнуться; 3) случаться; в случае; 4) повезло, удалось; 5) принимать, обращаться с...; 6) достигать, равняться; 7) 4-е число (в телеграммах); 8) Юй (фамилия)

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen ŋu⁶, Chaozhou ŋo⁴, Fuzhou, Jianou ŋü⁶. Also used as a loan for 愚 *ŋo 'stupid' q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 162

Four-angle index: 6552

Karlgren code: 0124 h

Go-on: gu

Kan-on: guu

Japanese reading: gū;au

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