Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 揣

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: thorʔ

Classic Old Chinese: thón

Western Han Chinese: thón

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhón

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhón

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhón

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhón

Middle Chinese: ćhwé

English meaning : to measure, estimate

Comments: Also read *thorʔ-s, MC ćhwè id.; *tōrʔ, MC twấ id.; *tōrʔ, MC twấ 'shake, move'. Modern chuǎi is not quite regular (chǔi would be expected).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 提

Modern (Beijing) reading: tí

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhē

Classic Old Chinese: dhē

Western Han Chinese: dhē

Eastern Han Chinese: dhiē

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhiēj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhiēj

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhiēj

Middle Chinese: diej

English meaning : to take, take up; be calm and thoughtful

Russian meaning[s]: 1) держать в руке; брать; поднимать; ручной; 2) поднимать, повышать; поощрять; 3) выдавать; переводить (деньги); 4) держаться за руки; сотрудничать; 5) упоминать; говорить о...; [dī] бросить

Comments: For *dh- cf. Xiamen the², Fuzhou, Chaozhou thi².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5866

Karlgren code: 0866 n

Character: 握

Modern (Beijing) reading: wò

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔrōk

Classic Old Chinese: ʔrōk

Western Han Chinese: ʔrōk

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔrōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔọ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔọ̄k

Middle Chinese: ʔạuk

English meaning : grasp; a handful

Russian meaning[s]: 1) держать; хватать; зажимать в руке; пригоршня; 2) сжать (пожать) руку; рукопожатие; 3) владеть; брать в свои руки, управлять

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ác.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 266

Karlgren code: 1204 f

Go-on: aku

Kan-on: aku

Japanese reading: aku;nigiru

Vietnamese reading: vốc

Character: 揖

Modern (Beijing) reading: yī

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔip

Classic Old Chinese: ʔip

Western Han Chinese: ʔjǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjip

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjip

Middle Chinese: ʔjip

English meaning : to bow, salute

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приветствовать сложением рук; откланяться; поклон; 2) сделать подарок, поднести; 3) уступить

Comments: Used also for OC *ćip (in Shi 5,3), MC cjip (FQ JY 即入), Pek. jí 'to cluster together'. The word rhymes in *-ip and should be kept distinct from the phonetically and semantically similar 集 *ʒ(h)ǝp q.v., although all kinds of confusions (early and late) were possible - see under 集.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2685

Karlgren code: 0688 g

Shijing occurrences: 5.3_

Character: 揭

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiē

Preclassic Old Chinese: kat

Classic Old Chinese: kat

Western Han Chinese: kat

Eastern Han Chinese: kat

Early Postclassic Chinese: kat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝt

Middle Chinese: kǝt

English meaning : to rise, raise, lift

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вскрывать; разоблачать; разгадывать; 2) объявлять; публиковать; 3) высоко поднять; 4) ободрать, соскоблить, снять; 5) занимать, брать взаймы; [qì] поднимать платье (напр. переходя вброд реку)

Comments: Also read *krat (MC ket, FQ 居列), *gat (MC gǝt, FQ 其謁), *grat (MC get, FQ 渠列), *khrat (MC khet, FQ 丘謁) id., as well as *khrat-s (MC khèj, FQ 去例, Pek. qì) 'to lift one's clothes' (thus in Shi 34.1). Viet. cất is colloquial; regular Sino-Viet. is khiết. Cf. PAN *sakat 'rise, climb up' (Sag. 43).

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4292

Karlgren code: 0313 n

Vietnamese reading: cất

Shijing occurrences: 34.1_, 57.4_

Character: 揮

Modern (Beijing) reading: huī

Russian meaning[s]: 1) махать, размахивать; смахнуть; 2) приводить в движение, двигать; руководить; действовать (чем-л.); 3) разбрасывать, рассеивать

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 2615

Karlgren code: 0458 i

Character: 捶

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuí

Russian meaning[s]: 1) забивать, приколачивать; колотить; 2) бить кулаками, колотить; наказывать батогами

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 411

Character: 援

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuán

Preclassic Old Chinese: wan

Classic Old Chinese: wan

Western Han Chinese: wan

Eastern Han Chinese: wan

Early Postclassic Chinese: wan

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wǝn

Late Postclassic Chinese: wǝn

Middle Chinese: wǝn

English meaning : to pull, lift, encourage; assist

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выдвигать; поддерживать; 2) поддерживать, помогать; спасать; 3) основываться на...; на основании; 4) приводить, цитировать

Comments: Also read *wran-s, MC wèn (whence Viet. viện) id. For *w- cf. Xiamen uan²; Chaozhou ueŋ⁴, Fuzhou uoŋ⁶ ( < *wran-s).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5976

Karlgren code: 0255 e

Vietnamese reading: viện

Character: 揪

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiū

Russian meaning[s]: 1) схватить, словить, поймать, держать; 2) крутить; скручивать

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 5464

Character: 換

Modern (Beijing) reading: huàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: wāns

Classic Old Chinese: wānh

Western Han Chinese: wānh

Eastern Han Chinese: wānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: wā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: wā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: wā̀n

Middle Chinese: ɣwần

English meaning : change [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) менять(ся), обменивать(ся); обмен, размен (денег); 2) перемещать(ся); сменять(ся); заменять

Comments: During EZ attested only within the compound ........pan-huàn "relaxed". For *w- cf. Xiamen uã⁶, Chaozhou uã⁶, Fuzhou uaŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4915

Karlgren code: 0167 f

Character: 摒

Modern (Beijing) reading: bing

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 揚

Modern (Beijing) reading: yáng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łaŋ

Western Han Chinese: laŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jaŋ

Middle Chinese: jaŋ

English meaning : to rise; to raise, set forth, extol, make known; to stir

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поднять руку; поднять; вздымать; 2) возвышать, прославлять; 3) повышать (голос); усиливать (звук); 4) довольный, самодовольный; горделивый; 5) просеивать, веять; 6) обмахивать(ся) (веером); 7) распространять(ся); обнародовать

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is du'o'ng. Another probable loan from the same source is Viet. nâng 'to raise, elevate' (with nasal assimilation, attested also in some other cases). The same word can be also written as 颺 in the classics ('to rise (of wind)' etc.). Used also for *Łaŋ 'forehead; metal frontlet of a horse'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4387

Karlgren code: 0720 j-o

Go-on: yau

Kan-on: yau

Japanese reading: yō+;ageru+;agaru+

Vietnamese reading: dang

Shijing occurrences: 47.2, 47.3

Character: 敞

Modern (Beijing) reading: chǎng

Preclassic Old Chinese: thaŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tháŋ

Western Han Chinese: tháŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćháŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćháŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćháŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćháŋ

Middle Chinese: ćháŋ

English meaning : high, level land

Russian meaning[s]: 1) открывать, обнаруживать; выказывать; открытый; откровенный; 2) широкий; высокий и ровный; 3) веселый, приятный; 4) нестесненный; без удержу

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6203

Karlgren code: 0725 m

Character: 敦

Modern (Beijing) reading: dūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: tūr

Classic Old Chinese: tūn

Western Han Chinese: tūn

Eastern Han Chinese: tūn

Early Postclassic Chinese: tūn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tūn

Late Postclassic Chinese: tūn

Middle Chinese: ton

English meaning : be thick, ample, generous; to consider thick, weighty; to mass, mass troops, heap on, put pressure on

Russian meaning[s]: 1) щедрый; большой; увеличивать; 2) искренний, сердечный; честный; 3) подлинный, настоящий; 4) укреплять; 5) Дунь (фамилия); [dùn] хаос; хаотический; [duī] торопить, понуждать; [duì] древн. сосуд (для проса)

Comments: There also exists a variant (dialectal) MC reading toj (Go tai, Kan tui) id.; another attested reading is OC *dōr, MC dwân, Pek. tuán 'be plentiful'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6188

Karlgren code: 0464 p-q

Go-on: ton

Kan-on: ton

Shijing occurrences: 40.3_

Character: 敢

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kā́m

Western Han Chinese: kā́m

Eastern Han Chinese: kā́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: kā́m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kā́m

Late Postclassic Chinese: kā́m

Middle Chinese: kấm

English meaning : to dare, take the liberty, presume

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сметь, осмелиться, решиться; дерзать; вежл. осмелюсь...; смею ли...; 2) храбрый, смелый; 3) вероятно; непременно

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6176

Karlgren code: 0607 a-c

Go-on: kan

Kan-on: kan

Japanese reading: kan;aete

Jianchuan Bai: kã3

Dali Bai: ka3

Shijing occurrences: 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 51.1

Character: 散

Modern (Beijing) reading: sàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: sānʔs

Classic Old Chinese: sānh

Western Han Chinese: sānh

Eastern Han Chinese: sānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: sā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: sā̀n

Middle Chinese: sần

English meaning : to disperse

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разойтись; разбрестись; рассеяться; 2) разбрасывать; распространять; 3) увольнять; освобождать от работы; 4) рассеивать, разгонять (напр. скуку); 5) освобождать; 6) раздавать; распределять; [sǎn] 1) распускать, разгонять; разрозненный, рассыпанный; вразброд; 2) рассеянный (о характере); 3) своободный; праздный; негодный, никчемный; 4) простой стиль; проза; 5) мед. порошок; 6) Сань (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *sānʔ, MC sấn id. Viet. also has a colloquial loan from the same source: tan 'to dissolve, dissipate, disperse'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6193

Karlgren code: 0156 a-b

Vietnamese reading: ta`n

Character: 斑

Modern (Beijing) reading: bān

Preclassic Old Chinese: prān

Classic Old Chinese: prān

Western Han Chinese: prān

Eastern Han Chinese: prān

Early Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄n

Middle Chinese: pạn

English meaning : spot, variegated [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: пестрый, пятнистый; полосатый

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 67

Four-angle index: 319

Karlgren code: 0190 c

Character: 斐

Modern (Beijing) reading: fěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: phǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: phǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: phwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: phwɨ́j

English meaning : be ornate, elegant

Russian meaning[s]: 1) украшения; узоры, жилки; черты, линии; 2) разукрашенный; элегантный; отделанный; 3) Фэй (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 67

Four-angle index: 6405

Karlgren code: 0579 i

Shijing occurrences: 55.1

Character: 斯

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Preclassic Old Chinese: se

Classic Old Chinese: se

Western Han Chinese: se

Eastern Han Chinese: sje

Early Postclassic Chinese: sje

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sje

Late Postclassic Chinese: sje

Middle Chinese: sje

English meaning : a near demonstrative: this, he, she, it, they

Shuowen gloss: 析也.從斤.其聲.詩曰.斧以斯之. [717]

Comments: The basic meaning of the character is 'to lop off' (thus in Shi 141,1), but it is much more commonly used for the homonymous pronoun *se 'this'; later also for *se-s, MC sjè, Pek. sì 'completely'. OC *se is also rather frequently used as a prosodic syllable or word extender (see Schüssler 577-8). Shuowen's considering 其 *gǝ as phonetic is quite erroneous.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0869 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 5.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3

Character: 普

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: phā́

Western Han Chinese: phā́

Eastern Han Chinese: phā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: phṓ

Middle Chinese: phó

English meaning : common, all, universal

Russian meaning[s]: 1) всеобщий, универсальный; 2) популярный; повсеместный; повсюду; 3) сокр. Пруссия

Comments: Attested already in Yijing, but absent from Schüssler's dictionary. Presently used also as a shortened name for Prussia.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1482

Karlgren code: 0072 a

Vietnamese reading: phô`