Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 修

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiū

Preclassic Old Chinese: slhiw

Classic Old Chinese: sl̥iw

Western Han Chinese: sl̥jǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: s(h)jǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiw

Late Postclassic Chinese: s(h)jiw

Middle Chinese: sjǝw

English meaning : to prepare, cultivate, put in order

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приводить в порядок; устраивать; исправлять, ремонтировать; отделывать; украшать; усовершенствовать; 2) строить, возводить; сооружать; составлять; 3) переписать; отредактировать; 4) работать над (чем-л.); работать над собой; совершенствоваться; 5) долгий, длинный

Comments: A later meaning is also ('to prepare oneself' >) 'enter into church, religion'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 4130

Karlgren code: 1077 d

Vietnamese reading: tu

Character: 倭

Modern (Beijing) reading: wō

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лилипут; 2) уст. японцы; японский; [wēi] 倭遲 идти окольной дорогой

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 8846

Character: 倪

Modern (Beijing) reading: ní

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)ē

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)ē

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)ē

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)iē

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)iēj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)iēj

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)iēj

Middle Chinese: ŋiej

English meaning : young and weak [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) малолетний, слабый; 2) начало; 3) вост. диал. я, мы; 4) Ни (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for homonymous *ŋ(h)ē 'limit, boundary'; also used as a loan for *ŋ(h)ē 'look ascance' and 涯 *ŋ(h)rē 'river bank'.

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 7362

Karlgren code: 0873 f

Character: 俾

Modern (Beijing) reading: bì

Preclassic Old Chinese: peʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pé

Western Han Chinese: pé

Eastern Han Chinese: pjé

Early Postclassic Chinese: pjé

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pjé

Late Postclassic Chinese: pjé

Middle Chinese: pjé

English meaning : to cause or make someone do something

Russian meaning[s]: заставлять, побуждать; побудительный глагол, соответствующий 使

Comments: The Guang-yun fanqie and the modern reading bì point to MC bjé, OC *beʔ.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 2280

Karlgren code: 0874 c

Shijing occurrences: 27.3, 29.3

Character: 倫

Modern (Beijing) reading: lún

Preclassic Old Chinese: run

Classic Old Chinese: rwǝn

Western Han Chinese: rwǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: rwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Late Postclassic Chinese: lwin

Middle Chinese: lwin

English meaning : be assorted; principle, norm

Russian meaning[s]: 1) моральные принципы, этика; человеческие взаимоотношения; 2) соотношение; категория, класс; степень, порядок; 3) последовательно; следующий; 4) отбирать, выбирать; 5) Лунь (фамилия)

Comments: For *r- cf. Xiamen lun², Fuzhou, Chaozhou luŋ², Jianou löŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 3712

Karlgren code: 0470 c

Character: 倉

Modern (Beijing) reading: cāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: shāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: shāŋ

Western Han Chinese: shāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: shāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: shāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: shāŋ

Middle Chinese: châŋ

English meaning : to store; granary

Russian meaning[s]: 1) амбар; кладовая; 2) поспешно; в суматохе

Comments: In Shi used also for a phonetically close 愴 *shraŋs 'be grieved' q.v. Used also in a compound 倉庚 *shāŋ-krāŋ 'oriole'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 9

Four-angle index: 1116

Karlgren code: 0703 a-b

Character: 兼

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kēm

Classic Old Chinese: kēm

Western Han Chinese: kjam

Eastern Han Chinese: kjam

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjem

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjem

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjem

Middle Chinese: kiem

English meaning : to combine; at the same time

Russian meaning[s]: 1) совмещать; по совместительству; 2) и то и другое; параллельно; вместе с тем; наравне; 3) объединить; присоединить; прибрать к рукам, захватить; 4) удвоенный, двойной; подряд; захватывать, охватывать

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is kiêm.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 12

Four-angle index: 5434

Karlgren code: 0627 a

Vietnamese reading: kèm

Character: 冤

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuān

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷar

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwan

Western Han Chinese: ʔwan

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwan

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝn

Middle Chinese: ʔwǝn

English meaning : curved, crooked; unjust [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) несправедливое обвинение; несправедливость; несправедливо, напрасно; 2) обида; обидеть; быть обиженным; 3) досада, злоба; вражда; раздосадовать; озлобить

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 14

Four-angle index: 7584

Karlgren code: 0261 a

Vietnamese reading: oan

Character: 冥

Modern (Beijing) reading: míng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: mēŋ

Western Han Chinese: mēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: miēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: miēŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: miēŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: miēŋ

Middle Chinese: mieŋ

English meaning : be dark

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мрак; ночь; тьма; темный; во мраке; вслепую; ощупью; 2) темный, непонятливый; 3) глубокий, бездонный; безбрежный; 4) потусторонний мир, царство умерших; посмертный; 5) Мин (фамилия)

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen mi², Chaozhou me², Fuzhou miŋ², Jianou maŋ².

Radical: 14

Four-angle index: 7835

Karlgren code: 0841 a

Character: 冢

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: troŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tróŋ

Western Han Chinese: ṭóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭóŋ

Middle Chinese: ṭö́uŋ

English meaning : be great (Schu.); mound, peak

Russian meaning[s]: 1) могильный курган; могила; 2) старший (в роде); старший сын

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 14

Four-angle index: 5618

Karlgren code: 1218 h-i

Character: 凍

Modern (Beijing) reading: dòng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tōŋs

Classic Old Chinese: tōŋh

Western Han Chinese: tōŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: tōŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: tṑŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tṑŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: twṑŋ

Middle Chinese: tùŋ

English meaning : to congeal, coagulate; to freeze up [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) замерзнуть, покрыться льдом; стать (о реке); застыть; 2) замерзнуть, озябнуть, промерзнуть; холодный; морозный; холод

Comments: Also read (regularly) d_ống in Viet.; the reflex d_ông may point to a variant MC *tuŋ. Cf. PA *tuŋa 'cold, frost'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 15

Four-angle index: 5407

Karlgren code: 1175 e

Vietnamese reading: d_ông

Character: 凌

Modern (Beijing) reading: líng

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: rǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: rǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨŋ

Middle Chinese: liŋ

English meaning : ice

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лед; холод; ледник; дрожать, трепетать; 2) вторгаться; притеснять; казнить; 3) подниматься, восходить; превосходить; переходить через...; 4) Лин (фамилия)

Comments: During Late Zhou also used for homonymous *rǝŋ 'maltreat, oppress'. For *r cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou liŋ², Chaozhou leŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 15

Four-angle index: 6296

Karlgren code: 0898 f

Character: 准

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǔn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разрешить, позволить; утвердить; 2) допустить к исполнению должности; допустить к...; 3) установить, назначить (дату); 4) получить (бумагу от равной инстанции); 5) точно подходить (соответствовать); трактовать как...; 6) точно

Radical: 15

Four-angle index: 910

Character: 凋

Modern (Beijing) reading: diāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: tīw

Classic Old Chinese: tīw

Western Han Chinese: tjǝ̄w

Eastern Han Chinese: tiǝ̄w

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiēw

Middle Chinese: tiew

English meaning : to wither, fade, fall [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) поблекнуть, увянуть; опадать; 3) прийти в упадок

Radical: 15

Four-angle index: 3808

Karlgren code: 1083 o

Character: 剖

Modern (Beijing) reading: pōu

Russian meaning[s]: 1) разрезать, вскрыть; 2) раскрыть; разобрать; определить, решить

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2820

Character: 剜

Modern (Beijing) reading: wān

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вырезать; 2) выковырнуть; выкопать

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2907

Character: 剔

Modern (Beijing) reading: tī

Preclassic Old Chinese: sl(h)ēk

Classic Old Chinese: (s)l̥ēk

Western Han Chinese: (s)l̥ēk

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥iēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: thiēk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: thiēk

Middle Chinese: thiek

English meaning : to cut

Russian meaning[s]: 1) скоблить; чистить; очищать; ковырять, отковыривать; 2) отбирать (лучшее); 3) отбрасывать (негодное)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2875

Karlgren code: 0850 h

Character: 剛

Modern (Beijing) reading: gāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: kāŋ

Western Han Chinese: kāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kāŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kāŋ

Middle Chinese: kâŋ

English meaning : be hard, firm

Russian meaning[s]: 1) твердый, незыблемый; упорный; 2) перед сказуемым: только что, сейчас только; как раз; 3) нечетный (о днях, числах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2854

Karlgren code: 0697 b-d

Character: 剝

Modern (Beijing) reading: bō

Preclassic Old Chinese: prōk

Classic Old Chinese: prōk

Western Han Chinese: prōk

Eastern Han Chinese: prōk

Early Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: pọ̄k

Middle Chinese: pạuk

English meaning : to cut up, flay, peel, pluck

Russian meaning[s]: 1) содрать, ободрать; 2) обобрать; отнять; 3) перевозить грузы; 4) звукоподражание стуку

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is bác. The most archaic loan is possibly Viet. róc 'to bark, peel' (cf. also rọc 'to cut open leaves of book'; tróc 'to scale off, peel off').

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2898

Karlgren code: 1228 a

Vietnamese reading: bóc

Character: 匪

Modern (Beijing) reading: fěi

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝjʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ́j

Western Han Chinese: pǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: pwǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Late Postclassic Chinese: pwɨ́j

Middle Chinese: pwɨ́j

English meaning : it is not, to be not

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бандит, разбойник; 2) неправедный; неправильный; низкий; 3) не есть, не, вм. 非

Comments: 匪 as a negation is mostly used in Shijing (whereas Shujing has 非 as a main verb and 匪 as a subordinate negation). The two words (*pǝj and *pǝjʔ) are obviously related, although the -ʔ is not quite clear.

The original meaning of 匪 is 'basket', more usually written with the character 篚 q.v. The character 匪 is also used in EZ as a loan for 斐 *phǝjʔ q. v. (thus in Shi 55.1).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 22

Four-angle index: 795

Karlgren code: 0579 c

Shijing occurrences: 26.2, 26.3, 26.5, 37.3, 41.3, 42.3, 50.3, 55.1, 55.2, 55.3, 58.1