Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 苓

Modern (Beijing) reading: líng

Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)īŋ

Classic Old Chinese: r(h)īŋ

Western Han Chinese: r(h)īŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)īŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)īŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)īŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)īŋ

Middle Chinese: lieŋ

English meaning : name of a plant, perhaps licorice

Russian meaning[s]: 1) лекарственные грибы; 2) см. 零

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2074

Karlgren code: 0823 o

Shijing occurrences: 38.4_

Character: 苟

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: kōʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kṓ

Western Han Chinese: kwā́

Eastern Han Chinese: kwā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: kṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: kǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: kʌ́w

English meaning : careless, lightly, it does not matter; if really, if only

Russian meaning[s]: 1) если; 2) пока, на время; как-нибудь; кое-как; 3) нечестно, неправильно; любой ценой обеспечить себе...; 4) Гоу (фамилия)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 4323

Karlgren code: 0108 h

Character: 苯

Modern (Beijing) reading: běn

Preclassic Old Chinese: pǝ̄nʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Western Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ̄́n

Middle Chinese: pón

English meaning : thickly growing (of grass) [Han]

Comments: Used only in the compound 苯尊 *pǝ̄nʔ-*cūnʔ id. (the second character originally written with rad. 140 'grass'; read as *pǝ̄nʔ-*cwǝ̄nʔ in Han times). Since the character is late, a reconstruction *pǝ̄rʔ (and, consequently, *pǝ̄rʔ-cūrʔ) is also possible.

In modern Chinese the character is mostly used for the borrowed word běn 'benzol'.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 茆

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rū́

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝ̣̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ạ̄́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ạ̄́w

Middle Chinese: mạ́w

English meaning : water-mallows (Brassenia peltata)

Russian meaning[s]: водяная мальва (Brasenia schreberi); [máo] см. 茅

Comments: Also read *r(h)uʔ, MC lǝ́w, Pek. liǔ id.

Radical: 140

Four-angle index: 2103

Karlgren code: 1114 f

Character: 虐

Modern (Beijing) reading: nüè

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhakʷ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋhauk

Western Han Chinese: ŋhauk

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhauk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhauk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhak

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhak

Middle Chinese: ŋak

English meaning : to coerce, oppress; be violent, tyrannical, coercive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) жестокий, бесчеловечный; мучить; 2) бедствие

Comments: For *ŋh- cf. Jianou ŋiɔ⁷, Meixian ńiɔk⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 141

Four-angle index: 844

Karlgren code: 1118 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 55.3_

Character: 虹

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: gōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: gōŋ

Western Han Chinese: gōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: gōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: gwōŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣuŋ

English meaning : rainbow [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) радуга; 2) дугообразный; арка

Comments: Also read *krōŋ-s, MC kạ̀uŋ, mod. jiàng id. For OC *g cf. Jianou kɔŋ²; other Min dialects reflect a strange variant *ghoŋs, MC *gö̀uŋ - cf. Xiamen khiŋ⁶, Chaozhou kheŋ⁴, Fuzhou khöüŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 92

Karlgren code: 1172 j

Character: 虻

Modern (Beijing) reading: méng

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)rāŋ

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)rāŋ

Western Han Chinese: m(h)rāŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)rēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ẹ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: mạ̈iŋ

English meaning : name of a plant (Fritillaria)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) овод, слепень; 2) бот. листоягодник (Uvularia)

Comments: The character may be also written with 亡 in the upper part and 虫 (or two 虫's) below; its original meaning (attested, however, only since Late Zhou) is 'horsefly, gadfly'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 8707

Karlgren code: 0742 t

Shijing occurrences: 54.3_

Character: 虺

Modern (Beijing) reading: huǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋuj

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥wǝj

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥wǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥wǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwɨj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwɨj

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwɨj

Middle Chinese: xwɨ́j

English meaning : snake-brood

Russian meaning[s]: ядовитая змея

Shuowen gloss: 以注鳴者.詩曰.胡為虺蜥.從蟲兀聲.

Comments: Used also for *sŋūj, MC xoj (FQ ZhY 呼回, Pek. huī) (reduplicated) 'be rumbling (of thunder)'; also in a binome *sŋūj-lūj 虺隤 'be fagged out'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 7291

Karlgren code: 0572 a

Shijing occurrences: 3.2, 30.4

Character: 衍

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǎn

Preclassic Old Chinese: lanʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lán

Western Han Chinese: lán

Eastern Han Chinese: źán

Early Postclassic Chinese: źén

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jén

Late Postclassic Chinese: jén

Middle Chinese: jén

English meaning : be overflowing, abundant, extensive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переливаться через край; растекаться; 2) распространять(ся); развивать (напр. тему); продлить; 3) плодородный, обильный

Radical: 144

Four-angle index: 2977

Karlgren code: 0197 a

Character: 衫

Modern (Beijing) reading: shān

Russian meaning[s]: рубашка; платье (без подкладки)

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 145

Four-angle index: 4079

Character: 要

Modern (Beijing) reading: yào

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔew

Classic Old Chinese: ʔew

Western Han Chinese: ʔjaw

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjew

Middle Chinese: ʔjew

English meaning : waist, waist-band

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хотеть, намереваться; нуждаться в...; нужно; следует; должно; быть должным; 2) необходимый; важный, нужный; важный момент; основной пункт; 3) требовать, затребовать; потребовать; 4) собираться, намереваться; выражает намерение (будущее время); 5) если; если бы; [если] хочешь; лишь бы; только бы; 6) обобщать; сводить; месячная сводка приходов и расходов; подсчет; реестровая книга; [yāo] 1) требовать, домогаться; 2) давить; угрожать (кому-либо); покушаться на...; 3) обязаться; быть связанным уговором (договором); 4) призывать; приглашать; 5) преградить; пресечь; 6) расследовать, разобраться в...; 7) поясница; талия, см. 腰; 8) середина, полпути; 9) Яо (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *ʔew 'to meet, make appointment; contract'. [Sch.: "perhaps same word, 'to connect, tighten - like a waist-band'" - rather dubious]. Regular Sino-Viet. is yêu.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 146

Four-angle index: 8834

Karlgren code: 1142 a

Vietnamese reading: eo

Jianchuan Bai: jõ6

Dali Bai: ńo6

Bijiang Bai: ńü2

Shijing occurrences: 48.1, 48.2, 48.3

Character: 觔

Modern (Beijing) reading: jīn

Russian meaning[s]: 1) см. 斤; 2) см. 筋

Radical: 148

Four-angle index: 4699

Character: 計

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kīps

Classic Old Chinese: kīć

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ̄ś

Eastern Han Chinese: kiǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiḕj

Middle Chinese: kìej

English meaning : to draw lines, to plan; to count [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) считать, рассчитывать; вычислять; итог; в итоге; 2) план, расчет, замысел; тактика; замышлять; 3) Цзи (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is kế. Cf. also Viet. kê` 'enumerate, count; tell, narrate' (probably borrowed from the same source). ?Cf. PA *ki̯ùp`ù.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 2229

Vietnamese reading: ke`

Character: 訂

Modern (Beijing) reading: dìng

Russian meaning[s]: 1) заключить (контракт); договориться; заказать, см. 定; 2) подписаться (на издание); 3) исправлять, корректировать; сверять

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 2930

Character: 訃

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: phoks

Classic Old Chinese: phoh

Western Han Chinese: phwah

Eastern Han Chinese: phwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Middle Chinese: phǜ

English meaning : to announce the death of somebody [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: извещать о смерти; траурное объявление

Radical: 149

Four-angle index: 1960

Karlgren code: 1210 h

Character: 貞

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhēn ~ zhēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: treŋ

Classic Old Chinese: treŋ

Western Han Chinese: ṭeŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭeŋ

Middle Chinese: ṭeŋ

Fanqie: 知嬰

Rhyme class: 庚

English meaning : to test, try out, correct

Russian meaning[s]: 1) прямой; правильный; честный; 2) добродетельный; целомудренный, чистый

Shuowen gloss: 卜問也. 從卜. 貝以為贄. 一曰. 鼎省聲. 京房所說.

Comments: Used also for a homonymous (perhaps originally same word) *treŋ 'lower trigram of divinatory hexagram'. A later semantic development is ('tried out, corrected' >) 'chaste, pure'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 7992

Karlgren code: 0834 g-i

Vietnamese reading: trinh

Character: 負

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ǝ́

Western Han Chinese: b(h)ǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)íw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)ǝ́w

Middle Chinese: bǝ̀w

English meaning : to carry on the back, support

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ноша, бремя; нести на себе; 2) опираться; полагаться; 3) быть ответственным за...; быть должным (обязанным); задолжать; 4) потерпеть неудачу (поражение); быть разбитым; 5) горевать, печалиться; чувствовать угрызения совести; 6) повернуться спиной; быть неблагодарным; 7) отрицательный; минус

Comments: One of the later semantic developments is > 'to turn the back on' > 'to be ungreatful, disloyal'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 154

Four-angle index: 8022

Vietnamese reading: phụ

Character: 赴

Modern (Beijing) reading: fù

Preclassic Old Chinese: phoks

Classic Old Chinese: phoh

Western Han Chinese: phwah

Eastern Han Chinese: phwah

Early Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Late Postclassic Chinese: phwò

Middle Chinese: phǜ

English meaning : to hasten to, go with a report to [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) отправиться (поехать) в...; пойти (куда-л.); 2) извещать о смерти (члена семьи)

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5811

Karlgren code: 1210 i

Character: 赳

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: kiwʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kíw

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjíw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjíw

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjíw

Middle Chinese: kjíw

English meaning : be martial

Russian meaning[s]: отважный, воинственный

Shuowen gloss: 輕勁有才力也.從走.#聲.讀若�. [64]

Comments: Used only within the reduplication 赳赳 'be martial'. Schüssler (326) says : "perhaps this graph was meant to write JIǍO 蹻, JIǓ thus being a lexicographic ghost". The word is indeed synonymous with 蹻 (OC *kawʔ 'be martial'), but there are many cases like that in OC; Schüssler's opinion is probably based on the definition in Shuowen (which says: "...read like �"). The latter character (meaning "a k. of tripod") is read *gaw, MC gew (FQ 巨嬌) and the inaccuracy of Han "duruo" glosses is well known, thus there is no reason for doubting the validity of the traditional MC fanqie for 赳. The reading *kiwʔ is also corroborated by the parallelism (in Shi 7.1) between 赳赳 and the reduplication 肅肅 (*sikʷ-sikʷ) in the first stanza.

Radical: 156

Four-angle index: 5814

Karlgren code: 1064 d

Shijing occurrences: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Character: 趴

Modern (Beijing) reading: pā

Russian meaning[s]: лежать ничком; [pá] ползать, вм. 爬

Radical: 157

Four-angle index: 6360