Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 祈

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝr

Classic Old Chinese: gǝn

Western Han Chinese: gǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: gɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: gɨn

Middle Chinese: gɨj

English meaning : to pray, wish

Russian meaning[s]: 1) молиться; просить, умолять; 2) доносить, докладывать

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou ki² (Chaozhou khi² is secondary).

Radical: 113

Four-angle index: 2013

Karlgren code: 0443 o

Character: 祇

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)e

Western Han Chinese: g(h)e

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)je

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)je

English meaning : earth spirit

Comments: Also used as a loan for *ke, MC će, Pek. zhī 'only'.

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0867 i

Character: 禹

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)aʔ

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)á

Western Han Chinese: w(h)á

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)á

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ó

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ó

Middle Chinese: ɦǘ

English meaning : a proper name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) миф. Юй (имя основателя династии Ся 2205 г. до н.э.); 2) Юй (фамилия)

Comments: Used also (in LZ) as a loan for 矩 *kʷaʔ q.v. Shuowen says the meaning of the graph is 'insect', but there are no text examples for this.

Radical: 114

Four-angle index: 3986

Karlgren code: 0099 a-c

Character: 禺

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)o

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)o

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wa

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wo

Middle Chinese: ŋü

English meaning : a k. of fish [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: район, округ; [yù] древн. обезьяна

Comments: The original usage is said to be for a word *ŋ(h)o-s (MC ŋǜ, Pek. yù) 'monkey' (attested only in Liji).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 114

Four-angle index: 3992

Karlgren code: 0124 a-b

Character: 科

Modern (Beijing) reading: kē

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷāj

Classic Old Chinese: khwāj

Western Han Chinese: khwāj

Eastern Han Chinese: khwǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwā

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwā

Middle Chinese: khwâ

English meaning : hollow, cavity

Russian meaning[s]: 1) раздел; разряд, класс; отрасль науки, дисциплина, предмет; 2) факультет; отделение (в учреждении); 3) степень, категория; качество; ученая степень; квалифицировать, определять (напр. вину); 4) облагать налогом; штрафовать; налог; штраф; раскладывать; налагать (наказание); разверстка; 5) жесты, жестикуляция, игра (на сцене); пантомима; 6) с непокрытой головой, простоволосый; 7) старая система экзаменов

Comments: The word is omitted from Schüssler's dictionary (although attested already in Yijing). The most common meaning (since L.Zhou) is 'class, division; field (of studies), subject' (a metaphoric usage of the original 'hollow, cavity'?).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 2660

Karlgren code: 0008 n

Vietnamese reading: khoa

Character: 秒

Modern (Beijing) reading: miǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: mewʔ

Classic Old Chinese: méw

Western Han Chinese: mjáw

Eastern Han Chinese: mjáw

Early Postclassic Chinese: mjéw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mjéw

Late Postclassic Chinese: mjéw

Middle Chinese: mjéw

English meaning : a small unit (of time or weight) [Sui]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ость колоса; 2) тончайший, мельчайший, бесконечно малый; 3) секунда

Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen biau³, Chaozhou miǝu³, Jianou miau³.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 4064

Character: 秋

Modern (Beijing) reading: qiū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhiw

Classic Old Chinese: chiw

Western Han Chinese: chjǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: chjǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjiw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjiw

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjiw

Middle Chinese: chjǝw

English meaning : autumn, fall

Russian meaning[s]: 1) осень; осенний; перен. год; 2) время, период времени; 3) созревание хлебов; жатва, сбор урожая

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 115

Four-angle index: 5458

Karlgren code: 1092 a

Go-on: siyu

Kan-on: siu

Japanese reading: shū;aki

Vietnamese reading: thu

Jianchuan Bai: ćhɨ4-

Dali Bai: ćhou6-

Shijing occurrences: 58.1

Character: 穿

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuān

Preclassic Old Chinese: thon (~ -r)

Classic Old Chinese: thwan

Western Han Chinese: thwan

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhwan

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhwen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhwen

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhwen

Middle Chinese: ćhwen

English meaning : to bore through

Russian meaning[s]: 1) проткнуть, пронизать; вдеть; нанизать; 2) надевать, носить (платье, обувь); 3) отверстие, пустота; 4) износиться до дыр; 5) разоблачать; [chuàn] гулять

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is xuyên.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 116

Four-angle index: 3261

Karlgren code: 0232 a

Vietnamese reading: xiên

Shijing occurrences: 17.2, 17.3

Character: 突

Modern (Beijing) reading: tú

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ūt (~ sl(h)-, ~ th-)

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)wǝ̄t

Western Han Chinese: l̥wǝ̄t (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥wǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄t

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄t

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwǝ̄t

Middle Chinese: thot

English meaning : suddenly

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выскочить; наскочить; прорвать, прошибить; 2) столкнуться; столкновение; конфликт; 3) неожиданно, внезапно, врасплох; 4) выпячивать(ся); выдаваться; выдающийся; 5) перен. ударно, по-ударному; ударный; 6) дымоход

Comments: Also read *Ł(h)ūt ( ~ l(h)-, dh-) id.; the original meaning of the graph is 'dig through, break through, protrude', attested only since Late Zhou.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 116

Four-angle index: 4982

Karlgren code: 0489 a

Character: 竿

Modern (Beijing) reading: gān

Preclassic Old Chinese: kān

Classic Old Chinese: kān

Western Han Chinese: kān

Eastern Han Chinese: kān

Early Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kān

Late Postclassic Chinese: kān

Middle Chinese: kân

English meaning : a bamboo pole, rod

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бамбуковый шест; 2) нарушать, вторгаться, см. 干

Shuowen gloss: 竹梃也.從竹.干聲. [194]

Comments: Viet. cần 'pole; lever' is colloquial; standard Sino-Viet. is can.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 2374

Karlgren code: 0139 k

Vietnamese reading: cần

Character: 竽

Modern (Beijing) reading: yú

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)a

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)a

Western Han Chinese: w(h)a

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)a

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)o

Middle Chinese: ɦü

English meaning : reed organ [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: свирель

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 3243

Karlgren code: 0097 n

Character: 籽

Modern (Beijing) reading: zi

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 紂

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhòu

Russian meaning[s]: 1) Чжоу (последний царь-тиран Иньской династии, свергнутый в 1122 г. до н. э.; синоним крайней жестокости и деспотизма); 2) подхвостник (в сбруе)

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 3150

Character: 紅

Modern (Beijing) reading: hóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ghōŋ

Western Han Chinese: ɣōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣwōŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣuŋ

English meaning : red, pink [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) красный; покраснеть; 2) чистый (о прибыли); 3) свадебный, брачный; 4) счастливый; благоприятный; 5) менструации; 6) стар. рукоделие; 7) Хун (фамилия)

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Viet. hung 'reddish (of hair)'. For *gh cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou aŋ², Fuzhou öüŋ², Jianou oŋ⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 91

Karlgren code: 1172 i

Vietnamese reading: hồŋ

Character: 紀

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: k(r)ǝʔ

Classic Old Chinese: k(r)ǝ́

Western Han Chinese: k(r)ǝ́

Eastern Han Chinese: k(r)ǝ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨ́

Middle Chinese: kɨ́

English meaning : leading thread, relator; record, to record

Russian meaning[s]: 1) записывать, отмечать; записи, анналы; 2) законы; порядок; устои, основы; 3) круг лет, столетие; летосчисление; годы, возраст; древн. период в 12 лет; 4) разматывать шелк; 5) Цзи (фамилия)

Comments: Also read *k(r)ǝʔ-s, MC kɨ̀ (whence Pek. jì) id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 7087

Karlgren code: 0953 i

Character: 紉

Modern (Beijing) reading: rèn

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)ǝr

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: n(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ń(h)ǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)in

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)in

Late Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)in

Middle Chinese: ńin

English meaning : to twist into a cord; to thread (a needle) [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) вежл. быть глубоко благодарным; быть тронутым; искренне приветствовать (обычно равного); 2) шить; сшивать

Comments: In MC also read ṇin, reflecting a dialectal development with secondary retroflexivisation of the initial.

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 4215

Karlgren code: 0456 h

Character: 紇

Modern (Beijing) reading: gē

Russian meaning[s]: 紇繨 узел (на веревке); [hé] шелк низшего сорта

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 7791

Character: 約

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuē

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔakʷ (~ -e-)

Classic Old Chinese: ʔauk (~ -e-)

Western Han Chinese: ʔauk (~ ʔjauk)

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔauk (~ ʔjauk)

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔauk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔak

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔak

Middle Chinese: ʔak

English meaning : to bind

Russian meaning[s]: 1) условиться, договориться; уговор, условие; 2) договор, соглашение; контракт, пакт; заключать контракт; 3) сдерживать, ограничивать; связывать; умеренный, сдержанный; 4) сжатый, краткий; сократить; экономить; 5) около; приблизительно, примерно; 6) рассчитать, прикинуть в уме

Comments: Later usually used with a metaphorically transformed meaning: ('to bind' >) 'to contract, agree; to estimate'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 4266

Karlgren code: 1120 m

Vietnamese reading: u'ó'c

Character: 紆

Modern (Beijing) reading: yū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷa

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwa

Western Han Chinese: ʔwa

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwo

Middle Chinese: ʔü

English meaning : bent, crooked [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) обходить, петлять; изгиб; 2) вить, сучить; обшивать; 3) грусть; тяжело на сердце

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 3239

Karlgren code: 0097 y

Character: 缸

Modern (Beijing) reading: gāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: grōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: grōŋ

Western Han Chinese: grōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: grōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: ɣạuŋ

English meaning : earthenware vessel [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: глиняный чан

Comments: For *g cf. Jianou kaŋ⁹. Most dialects reflect an unattested form *krōŋ, MC *kạuŋ.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 121

Four-angle index: 84