Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 拭

Modern (Beijing) reading: shì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛhǝk

Classic Old Chinese: ƛhǝk

Western Han Chinese: ƛhǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: shǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: shɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: shɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: shɨk

Middle Chinese: śik

English meaning : to wipe [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: стирать; протирать, вытирать

Comments: For *ƛh- here cf. Xiamen chit⁷, Chaozhou chik⁷, Fuzhou chek⁷.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6726

Karlgren code: 0918 k

Character: 持

Modern (Beijing) reading: chí

Preclassic Old Chinese: dhrǝ

Classic Old Chinese: dhrǝ

Western Han Chinese: ḍhǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: ḍhǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ḍhɨ

Middle Chinese: ḍɨ

English meaning : to grasp, hold

Russian meaning[s]: 1) держать в руке; взять, схватить; иметь на руках; 2) держаться; устоять; охранять, сдерживать; 3) поддерживать, содержать; 4) управлять

Comments: For *dh cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou thi², Yilan čhi²; Siam. thɨ̄, Zhuang tɨ̄ (*dhɨ).

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 3167

Karlgren code: 0961 p

Vietnamese reading: trì

Character: 拮

Modern (Beijing) reading: jié

Preclassic Old Chinese: kīt

Classic Old Chinese: kīt

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ̄t

Eastern Han Chinese: kiǝ̄t

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiēt

Middle Chinese: kiet

English meaning : to grasp

Russian meaning[s]: работать сверх сил; перетрудиться; [jià] надавить, придавить; перен. поставить в тяжелое положение

Comments: Also read *kit, MC kjit, Pek. ji id.

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1196

Karlgren code: 0393 n

Character: 拽

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuài

Russian meaning[s]: потянуть на себя; [zhuāi] 1) бросить, метнуть; 2) свело судорогой (о руке); [yè] тащить, тянуть

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 6895

Character: 指

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: kijʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kíj

Western Han Chinese: kjǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjí

Middle Chinese: ćí

English meaning : to point

Russian meaning[s]: 1) палец; 2) показывать; указывать; иметь в виду; 3) опираться на...; полагаться на...; зависеть от...; 4) определять, назначать; направлять; 5) план; стремление; 6) значение, смысл; 7) см. 旨

Comments: Hsieh-sheng and initial ć- < *k- point to an *-i-vowel in OC; however, the only Shijing rhyme (51.1) points rather to *-ǝjʔ, and hence, *tǝjʔ. Not quite clear.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1581

Karlgren code: 0552 f

Vietnamese reading: chi`

Jianchuan Bai: -ci1

Dali Bai: -ci1-

Bijiang Bai: -čer1-

Shijing occurrences: 51.1_

Character: 拱

Modern (Beijing) reading: gǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: koŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: kóŋ

Western Han Chinese: kóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kóŋ

Middle Chinese: kö́uŋ

English meaning : join the hands, present with both hands

Russian meaning[s]: 1) приветствовать сжатыми руками (левая рука охватывает правый кулак), поднятыми на уровень груди; кланяться; 2) держать двумя руками; обхватить; 3) арка, свод; 4) обвязывать; обмотать; 5) подтолкнуть, приподнять

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7851

Karlgren code: 1182 e

Character: 拷

Modern (Beijing) reading: kǎo

Russian meaning[s]: бить; истязать; пытать, добиваться пыткой признания

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 4470

Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: kao

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 拯

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhěng

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ́ŋ

Western Han Chinese: tǝ́ŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝ́ŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćɨ́ŋ

Middle Chinese: ćíŋ

English meaning : to lift up

Russian meaning[s]: помогать, спасать

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 68

Karlgren code: 0896 i

Character: 括

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuò guā

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷāt

Classic Old Chinese: kwāt

Western Han Chinese: kwāt

Eastern Han Chinese: kwāt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwāt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwāt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwāt

Middle Chinese: kwât

English meaning : to bind, tie up, bring together

Russian meaning[s]: 1) включать, обнимать; 2) связывать, завязывать

Comments: Also read Mand. ā; regular Sino-Viet. is quát. In E.Chou also used for a homonymous *kʷāt 'end of an arrow'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1304

Karlgren code: 0302 h

Vietnamese reading: guột

Character: 拾

Modern (Beijing) reading: shí

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ip

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)ip

Western Han Chinese: g(h)jǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)jǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jip

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)jip

Middle Chinese: ʒ́ip

English meaning : an archer's armlet

Russian meaning[s]: 1) десять (начертание прописью); 2) подобрать, поднять, собрать; 3) привести в порядок, прибрать; [shè] подняться на (ступеньку)

Comments: A later attested (since L.Zhou) meaning is 'to pick up, take'. The character is also attested (since L.Zhou) with the reading *g(h)ap, MC gǝp (FQ 極業) 'to change, alternate'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 1178

Karlgren code: 0687 a

Jianchuan Bai: cɛ2

Dali Bai: ci2

Bijiang Bai: čher2-čer2

Character: 拴

Modern (Beijing) reading: shuān

Russian meaning[s]: 1) привязать, прикрепить; 2) завязать (узел, петлю); 3) вызывать разлад (ссору); 4) отбирать, выбирать

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 339

Character: 挑

Modern (Beijing) reading: tiāo

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ēw

Classic Old Chinese: ƛ(h)ēw

Western Han Chinese: l̥jāw (~ ƛh-)

Eastern Han Chinese: l̥iāw

Early Postclassic Chinese: thiēw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thiēw

Late Postclassic Chinese: thiēw

Middle Chinese: thiew

English meaning : to pick out, dig out; to pick up, carry on the shoulders [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) нести груз на жерди (на плече); 2) выбирать, избирать; [tiǎo] вызывать, провоцировать, вовлекать

Comments: Used also for *Ł(h)ēwʔ, MC díew (FQ 徒了), Pek. (irr.) tiǎo 'to lift up; to arouse, provoke'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 64

Four-angle index: 7524

Karlgren code: 1145 o

Jianchuan Bai: tõ2

Dali Bai: to2

Bijiang Bai: to1

Character: 挂

Modern (Beijing) reading: kwạ̈̀

Preclassic Old Chinese: kʷrēs

Classic Old Chinese: kwrēh

Western Han Chinese: kwrēh

Eastern Han Chinese: kwriēh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: kwiẹ̄̀

English meaning : to suspend [LZ]

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0879 t

Character: 政

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhèng

Preclassic Old Chinese: teŋs

Classic Old Chinese: teŋh

Western Han Chinese: teŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: ćeŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćèŋ

Middle Chinese: ćèŋ

English meaning : to govern; government; government official

Russian meaning[s]: 1) управлять, править; правительственный; административный; 2) принципы управления; политика; политический; 3) режим, уклад; строй; порядок; законы; статут; 4) уст. правитель, глава; 5) выправлять; 6) древн. обложение налогом

Comments: A specialized usage of 正 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6163

Karlgren code: 0833 r-s

Shijing occurrences: 40.2, 40.3

Character: 故

Modern (Beijing) reading: gù

Preclassic Old Chinese: kās

Classic Old Chinese: kāh

Western Han Chinese: kāh

Eastern Han Chinese: kāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kṑ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kṑ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kṑ

Middle Chinese: kò

English meaning : reason

Russian meaning[s]: 1) причина, повод; 2) поэтому, потому-то; 3) дело; событие, происшествие; несчастье; 4) старый; прежний, бывший; привычный; родной; 5) умереть; покойный; 6) намеренно, нарочно; специально; 7) в сущности, по существу

Comments: Schüssler glosses the word as 'old one', thus hinting at the connection with 古 *kāʔ 'old'. But the word never rhymes in shang-sheng, and thus the meaning in these contexts is probably something like 'original' ( < 'reason, origin'). ? Cf. Tib. khag 'object, importance, significance'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 66

Four-angle index: 6165

Karlgren code: 0049 i-j

Shijing occurrences: 36.1_

Character: 斫

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuó

Preclassic Old Chinese: tak

Classic Old Chinese: tak

Western Han Chinese: tak

Eastern Han Chinese: ćak

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćak

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćak

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćak

Middle Chinese: ćak

English meaning : to cut, hack [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: рубить, разрубить; разрезать; высекать (на камне)

Radical: 112

Four-angle index: 1984

Karlgren code: 0795 k

Character: 施

Modern (Beijing) reading: shī

Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛaj

Classic Old Chinese: ƛaj

Western Han Chinese: l̥aj

Eastern Han Chinese: śe

Early Postclassic Chinese: śe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: śe

Late Postclassic Chinese: śe

Middle Chinese: śe

English meaning : to apply, bestow, place

Russian meaning[s]: 1) осуществить; ввести в действие; провести в жизнь; 2) применить, употребить; 3) наложить (напр. пудру); 4) стрелять, выстрелить; 5) выставить напоказ; 6) Ши (фамилия); [shì] давать, даровать; жертвовать; [yì] распространить на...; растянуть на...; довести до...

Shuowen gloss: 旗旖施也.從�.也聲.齊欒施字子旗.知施者施也.

Comments: The character is also applied to a word *Łaj-s, MC jè (FQ JY 以豉), Mand. yì 'to extend to, reach, spread'; used also in an obscure compound 戚施 *shīkʷ-ƛaj 'toad'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 70

Four-angle index: 7266

Karlgren code: 0004 |l ́

Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 7.2, 7.3, 43.3_, 57.4

Character: 既

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝps

Classic Old Chinese: kǝć

Western Han Chinese: kǝś

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝś

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨ̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨ̀j

Middle Chinese: kɨ̀j

English meaning : to complete, have done

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уже; раз уже, поскольку; 2) с последующим 且, 亦 и... (и...); 3) истощить, исчерпать; конец, окончание; 4) Цзи (фамилия)

Comments: Related to 及 *gǝp 'come to, reach', 暨 *grǝp-s 'to reach to, bring with' q. v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 71

Four-angle index: 7554

Karlgren code: 0515 c-f

Shijing occurrences: 10.2, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 26.4, 35.5, 35.6, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 50.3, 54.2, 58.2, 58.5

Character: 春

Modern (Beijing) reading: chūn

Preclassic Old Chinese: thun

Classic Old Chinese: thwǝn

Western Han Chinese: thwǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: ćhwǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćhwin

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćhwin

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćhwin

Middle Chinese: ćhwin

Fanqie: 出諄

Rhyme class: 真

English meaning : spring

Russian meaning[s]: 1) весна; весенний; 2) новогодний; Новый год; 3) любовь; влюбленность; 4) похотливый; эротический, непристойный; 5) молодость; 6) вино; винная лавка; 7) копошиться, шевелиться, вм. 蠢

Shuowen gloss: 推也. 從艸. 從日. 艸春時生也. 屯聲.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 72

Four-angle index: 1553

Karlgren code: 0463 a-b

Vietnamese reading: xuân

Jianchuan Bai: chü̃4-

Dali Bai: chui4-

Shijing occurrences: 23.1_