North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀabu

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to be bloated, inflated (of stomach, etc.)

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀábú

Tsumkwe : ǀǀábú

Tsintsabis : ǀǀàbú

Okongo : ɡǀǀàbú

Leeunes : ǀǀábú

Mpunguvlei : ɡǀǀábú

Cuito : ɡǀǀúbú

South Omatako : ǀǀàbù

North Omatako : ǀǀàbù

Kameeldoring : ǀǀàbù

Lister : ǀǀàbù

References : Dickens 327; Snyman 1997: 90.

RefLex number: 2560

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀae

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to hold, carry, keep, have

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàè

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀae

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀai ~ ǀǀe

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀe

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀai ~ ǀǀe ~ ǀǀei

Tsumkwe : ǀǀàe

Tsintsabis : ǀǀàe

Okongo : ǀǀàe

Leeunes : ǀǀàe

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀàe

Cuito : ǀǀàe

Cuando : ǀǀàe

South Omatako : ǀǀàe

North Omatako : ǀǀàe

Kameeldoring : ǀǀàe

Lister : ǀǀàe

References : Bleek 550, 566-567, 568; Dickens 327; Snyman 59; Snyman 1997: 90.

RefLex number: 2563

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀae

Meaning: to kill

!Kung (Vedder): ɡǀǀyáè

Okongo : ǀǀáe

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀáe

Cuito : ǀǀáe

Cuando : ǀǀáe

References : Bleek 531; Snyman 1997: 95.

RefLex number: 3080

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀãˤʔĩ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to tear

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀã̏ˤʔĩ̀ "to tear (of paper etc.); break (of the dawn)" // ǀǀã̏ˤʔĩ̀-ǀǀã̏ˤʔĩ̀ "to be separate, asunder"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀaˤʔì-ɳǀǀaˤʔĩ̀ "be separate, asunder" // ǀǀaˤe "to tear"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : kãĩ

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀǎ-ǀǀã́ˤ ~ ǀǀa-ǀǀáˤŋ-a

Kavango : ǀǀȁˤŋ "break, separate"

Tsumkwe : ǀǀāeˤ

Tsintsabis : ǀǀàˤŋ

Okongo : ǀǀàˤŋ

Leeunes : ǀǀàˤŋ

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀàˤŋ

Cuito : ǀǀàˤŋ

Cuando : ǀǀàˤŋ

South Omatako : ǀǀāˤŋ

North Omatako : ǀǀāˤŋ

Kameeldoring : ǀǀāˤŋ

Lister : ǀǀāèˤ

References : Bleek 550-51, 565; Dickens 329; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 22; Snyman 1997: 91.

RefLex number: 2589

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaˤma (*-b-)

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to wear, get dressed

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàˤmà "get dressed, put on (clothes)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀaˤma

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀaˤmma ~ ǀǀamma "to wear, sling on, put on"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀáˤba ~ ǀǀábbaː "to sling on"

!Kung (Doke): ǀǀaːvà "to dress"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀaba "to wear"

Kavango : ɡǀǀȁbȁ "wear a necklace" (?)

Notes : The Kavango (Kwangali) form may be contaminated with *ɡǀǀaba "to wear (footwear)", to which it corresponds better phonetically but worse semantically.

References : Bleek 548, 555, 564; Heikkinen 1986; Dickens 328; Snyman 59.

RefLex number: 2582

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: hat, cap

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀȁʰ (n3 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀa

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀaː

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀa ~ ǀǀáˤ ~ ǀǀaː

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀa

Tsumkwe : ǀǀā

Tsintsabis : ǀǀā

Okongo : ǀǀā

Leeunes : ǀǀā

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀā

Cuito : ǀǀā

Cuando : ǀǀā

South Omatako : ǀǀā

North Omatako : ǀǀā

Kameeldoring : ǀǀā

Lister : ǀǀā

References : Bleek 546; Dickens 328; Snyman 71; Snyman 1980: 40; Snyman 1997: 90.

RefLex number: 2564

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʰ

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to cover

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀȁʰ-ǀǀȁʰ // ǀǀȁʰ-!ʼùbí "to tip over, topple over, fall over (of inanimate things)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀa-ǀǀa

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀă-ǀǀá ~ ǀǀă-ǀǀaː

Kavango : ǀǀa-ǀǀaa // (?) ǀǀàʔa̋ŋ "cover fire with earth"

References : Bleek 564; Dickens 328; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 59.

RefLex number: 2565

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀai

Meaning: bad

South Omatako : ǀǀài

North Omatako : ǀǀài

Notes : Cf. Nama ɡǀǀai-si "ugly, hideous".

References : Snyman 1997: 82.

RefLex number: 3094

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀãĩ

Meaning: sweet

Kavango : ǀǀa̋ĩǀǀáĩyá

References : Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 3145

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaiʰ

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to lead by the hand; to lure

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀȁìʰ // ǀǀȁìʰ-ǀǀȁìʰ "to lead (esp. a blind person)"; ǀǀȁìʰ-à kʰòè "to shrink back, jerk back; shudder, jerk (of one's body, from illness)"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀʰei

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀe "to lead"

Tsumkwe : ǀǀāi

Tsintsabis : ǀǀāi

Okongo : ǀǀʰài

Leeunes : ǀǀāi

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀʰài

Cuito : ǀǀʰài

Cuando : ǀǀʰài

South Omatako : ǀǀʰài

North Omatako : ǀǀʰài

Kameeldoring : ǀǀʰài

Lister : ǀǀʰài

References : Bleek 566; Dickens 328; Snyman 61; Snyman 1997: 92.

RefLex number: 2566

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀam

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to go

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀám "to go and fetch; to stretch in order to reach"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀam "to come"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀam "to come, pass"

Kavango : ǀǀàm̋ "to pass" // ǀǀa̋m "go to fetch"

Ekoka : ǀǀàmm "to fly" (?)

References : Bleek 554; Dickens 328; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 2571

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀam

Tonal pattern: XM [e]

Meaning: four

Ekoka : kǀǀȁm̄

Notes : Only met in Ekoka !Xung, but cannot be easily identified as a borrowing from any known source.

References : KH 134.

RefLex number: 3184

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀam̩

Tonal pattern: XX [j]

Meaning: to push; to give birth

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀȁmm // ǀǀȁmm (n5 -si) "birth"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀʰemm

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀam ~ ǀǀʼam "to bear fruit or flowers" // ǀǀám "to press"

References : Dickens 328; Snyman 46.

RefLex number: 2575

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀao

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to protect

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàò // ǀǀàò-dí (n5) "afterbirth"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀào "love"

References : Dickens 328; Snyman 1980: 43.

RefLex number: 2577

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀao

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: tawny eagle

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀȁòhà (n2 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀaoha "hawk species"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀáo ~ ǀǀxaŭ́ "eagle"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀàoxá

References : Bleek 558, 633; Dickens 328; Snyman 45; Snyman 1980: 40.

RefLex number: 2578

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaoˤ-

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: wild honey

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàòˤã́ (n4) "honey, sugar"

Kavango : ǀǀã̀ˤwà

References : Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 2584

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀari

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: root

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàrì (n5 -si)

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀari "root fibre"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀerri

!Kung (Weich): ɡǀǀali

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀale ~ ǀǀare "branch, root fibre"

Kavango : ǀǀàri̋

References : Bleek 554, 559, 570; Dickens 329; Heikkinen 1986; Weich 23.

RefLex number: 2595

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀau

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: reed, arrow

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀáú (n5 -si) "wooden-tipped (toy) arrow" // ǀǀáú-!ùrù (n5 -si) "toy bow and arrow set"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀauː "reed" // ǀǀàu "arrow"

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀào-!ʼà "arrow-shaft"

Kavango : ǀǀáű

References : Bleek 561; Dickens 329; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 1980: 32.

RefLex number: 2601

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀau

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: plant sp., Rhus tenuinervis

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀáú (n3 -si)

References : Dickens 329.

RefLex number: 2602

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀãũ

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to cover with branches, camouflage

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀã̀ũ̀

Kavango : ǀǀàũ "shut (with branches)"

References : Dickens 329; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 2604