North Khoisan etymology : Query result

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼari

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to shave

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼȁrì // (n5) "razor"

Lister : ǀʼàri "to chop (with adze)"

References : Dickens 295; Snyman 1997: 90.

RefLex number: 1922

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼau

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: duiker

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼáú (n2) // (?) ǀʼáú-dȍʰm-tsxànà (n3) "food plant, Brachystelma grossarthii"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼeu

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʼou "a buck"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʼau // ǀʼóu ~ ǀʼoù "a k. of buck"

!Kung (Doke): ǀʼau

!Kung (Wilhelm): ǀʼaːu

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀʼau

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼào

Tsumkwe : ǀʼáu

Tsintsabis : ǀʼáo

Okongo : ǀʼáo

Leeunes : ǀʼáo

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼáo

Cuito : ǀʼáo

Cuando : ǀʼáo

South Omatako : ǀʼáo

North Omatako : ǀʼáo

Kameeldoring : ǀʼáo

Lister : ǀʼáu

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $au. Shortridge (ǀǀAuǀǀen?): ǀau-b. Shortridge (!Kung): ǀau-b. Zukowsky (!Kung): au.

References : Bleek 12, 270, 357, 687; Dickens 70; Snyman 57; Snyman 1980: 37; Snyman 1997: 86.

RefLex number: 1923

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼe

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: self

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼàè (n1 -si) // ǀʼàè-hà (n1 -si) "-self, by oneself"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼe

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀé

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼae

Kavango : ǀʼé

References : Bleek 272; Dickens 294; Heikkinen 1986; Snyman 57; Snyman 1980: 49.

RefLex number: 1906

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰabi

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: wound, sore

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰábí (n5 -si)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰebi

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʼʰàwì "to have a wound"

Tsintsabis : ǀʼàbì

Leeunes : ǀʼʰàbí

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰābí

Cuito : ǀʼʰābí

South Omatako : ǀʼʰàbí

North Omatako : ǀʼʰàbí

Kameeldoring : ǀʰàbí

Lister : ǀʰàbí

References : Bleek 287; Dickens 295; Snyman 59; Snyman 1997: 70.

RefLex number: 1924

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰi

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: dagga, marijuana

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰȁì (n3) // (?) ǀʼʰȁì-cʰàò (n5 -si) "rust; to rust"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʼʰiː

Tsumkwe : ǀʼʰāì

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰìí

Okongo : ǀʼʰìí

Leeunes : ǀʼʰìí

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰìí

South Omatako : ǀʼʰāì

North Omatako : ǀʼʰāì

Kameeldoring : ǀʼʰāì ~ ǀʼʰàí

Lister : ǀʼʰài

References : Bleek 288; Dickens 295; Snyman 59; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 1927

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰo

Tonal pattern: XL [j]

Meaning: to visit

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰȍò // (n5 -si) "visit"; ǀʼʰȍò-žùà (n1 -si) "visitor, guest"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʰo

!Kung (Doke): ǀʼʰoː

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʰoː

References : Bleek 288; Dickens 296.

RefLex number: 1936

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰõã

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: warthog, pig

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰṍã́ ~ ǀʼʰõ̀ã̀ˤ (n2) // ǀʼʰṍã́-dí (n2 -sĩ) "sow"; ǀʼʰṍã́-ɡ!ȍˤ, pl. ǀʼʰṍã́-ɳǀǀȁèˤ (n2) "boar"; (?) ǀʼʰṍã́-ɡǂȍˤ (n3) "plant sp., Dioscorea quartiniana"; ǀʼʰṍã́-ɡ!àʔú (n3 -si) "food plant, Anthericum anceps"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰwã

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀwa

References : Bleek 328; Dickens 295; Snyman 32.

RefLex number: 1931

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰom

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: nice, pretty

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰóm "beautiful, handsome" // (n5) "beauty"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰom

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀḿ

Nogau : ǀʼʰm

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʼʰum̀m "pretty"

!Kung (Doke): ǀʼʰum

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʼʰom

!Kung (Wilhelm): ǀʼʰŭm "pretty"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀʼʰḿ

Tsumkwe : ǀʰóm

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰóm

Okongo : ǀʰóm

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰóm

Cuito : ǀʼʰóm

Cuando : ǀʼʰóm ~ ǀʰom

South Omatako : ǀʼʰóm

North Omatako : ǀʼʰóm

Kameeldoring : ǀʼʰóm

Lister : ǀʼʰōm̄m̀

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): $hum "pretty".

Notes : Irregular lack of glottal stop in the Tsumkwe and Okongo areas.

References : Bleek 288, 289, 290, 340, 688; Dickens 295; Snyman 59; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 1935

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰũ

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: steenbok

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰṹ (n2) // ǀʼʰṹ-ǂòè-ǂòè (n2) "blue duiker"; (?) ǀʼʰṹ-ǂòè-ǂòè (n2 -si) "green stinkbug"; (?) ǀʼʰṹ-čí-čòˤ-čòˤ (n2 -si) "kurrichane thrush, Turdus libonyanus; groundscraper thrush, Turdus letsipsirupa"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰõ-ǂõĩˤǂõĩˤ "blue duiker"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʼʰõ

!Kung (Doke): +ǀũ

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀʼʰum

Tsumkwe : ǀʼʰṹ

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰṹ

Okongo : ǀʼʰṹ

Leeunes : ǀʼʰṹ

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰṹ

Cuito : ǀʼʰṹ

Cuando : ǀʼʰṹ

South Omatako : ǀʼʰṹ

North Omatako : ǀʼʰṹ

Kameeldoring : ǀʼʰṹ

Lister : ǀʼʰṹ

Various addenda: Shortridge (!Kung): ǀʰu, ǀʰueh. Zukowsky (!Kung): hin.

References : Bleek 61, 288, 290, 323; Dickens 296; Snyman 59; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 1940

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: ear

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰúí (n5 -si) // ɡ!ú=ǀʼʰúí (n3 -si) "plant sp., Abutilon angulatum" (= "water-ear"); ǀʼʰúí-ɳ!áŋ (n5 -si) "ear-passage"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼʰwi

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀwi, pl. ǀwi-si

Nogau : ǀʼʰúi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀúï

!Kung (Vedder): ǀʼʰui

!Kung (Wilhelm): ǀʼʰui

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀwi

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼʰúi

Tsumkwe : ǀʼʰúi

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰúi

Okongo : ǀʼʰúi

Leeunes : ǀʼʰúi

Lister : ǀʼʰúi

Various addenda: Passarge (ǀǀAuǀǀen): ǀʰuī.

References : Bleek 65, 290, 324, 334; Dickens 72; Snyman 59; Snyman 1980: 8; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 1938

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼʰui

Tonal pattern: HH [j]

Meaning: to desert, leave behind, let something go

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼʰúí-á

Tsumkwe : ǀʼʰúiyá

Tsintsabis : ǀʼʰúiyá

Okongo : ǀʼʰúiyá

Leeunes : ǀʼʰúiyá

Mpunguvlei : ǀʼʰúiyá

Cuito : ǀʰùnà (?)

Cuando : ǀʼʰùnà (?)

South Omatako : ǀʼʰùnà (?)

Kameeldoring : ǀʼʰuìyá

References : Dickens 296; Snyman 1997: 84.

RefLex number: 1939

Proto-Ju: *ǀʼi

Tonal pattern: HH

Meaning: axe

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼáí (n2 -si) // ǀʼáí-mà (n2 -si) "small axe, adze"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀʼei

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀʼiː

Nogau : ǀʼi

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀʼiː

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀʼí

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀʼai

References : Bleek 292; Dickens 294; Snyman 3; Snyman 1980: 8.

RefLex number: 1908

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀã

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to appeal to, beg for

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀã̀

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀã "to request"

!Kung (Lloyd) : ǀǀắ "to ask for by speaking"

References : Bleek 545; Dickens 328; Snyman 28.

RefLex number: 2576

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀã (*!̯-)

Meaning: to grow (pl.)

Kavango : ǀǀã̀ã̋

Notes : Cf. ǂHoan ɡǀǀaˤa (although click effluxes would be expected to match).

References : Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 3143

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔa

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: marrow

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔá (n5 -si) "marrow, seed, kernel"

Kavango : ǀǀã̀ʔã́

References : Dickens 329; Heikkinen 1986.

RefLex number: 2609

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔe

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: to slaughter, cut (meat) into pieces

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔé

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀaʔe "to skin"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀǀai

References : Bleek 524; Dickens 330; Snyman 3.

RefLex number: 2611

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔe

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: monkey

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔé (n2)

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀaʔe

!Kung (Lloyd) : !̯e ~ ǀǀé ~ ǀǀʼeː

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀàé

Tsumkwe : ǀǀàʔé

Tsintsabis : ǀǀʰàʔé ~ ǀǀàʔé

Okongo : ǀǀàʔé

Leeunes : ǀǀàʔé

Mpunguvlei : ǀǀàʔé

Cuito : ǀǀàʔé

Cuando : ǀǀàʔé

South Omatako : ǀǀàʔé

North Omatako : ǀǀàʔé

Kameeldoring : ǀǀàʔé

Notes : The Lister form is zàrí - most probably of Central Khoisan origin.

References : Bleek 470, 567; Dickens 330; Snyman 25; Snyman 1980: 10; Snyman 1997: 91.

RefLex number: 2612

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔi

Tonal pattern: LH [j]

Meaning: day

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔí (n5) // ǀǀàʔí-kà ~ ǀǀàʔí-kè "today"

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ɡǀǀai-ke ~ ǀǀai-ke "day, today"

!O!Kung (Bleek) : ǀǀai-ya "today"

References : Bleek 525, 552; Dickens 330.

RefLex number: 2614

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔm

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to pour out (large quantities of liquid)

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔm "pour out"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀemʔm

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀàm̀ṁ

References : Dickens 330; Snyman 47; Snyman 1980: 46.

RefLex number: 2616

Proto-Ju: *ǀǀabe

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to be hungry

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàbè // ǀǀàbè (n5 -si) "hunger"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀabe

ǀǀAuǀǀen : ǀǀabe

Nogau : dawí

References : Bleek 23, 549; Dickens 327; Snyman 36.

RefLex number: 2558