Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *ārɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wasp, bee

Russian meaning: пчела, оса

Karakhanid: arɨ (MK)

Turkish: arɨ

Middle Turkic: arɨ (Sangl., Pav. C., Qutb), aru (AH)

Uzbek: ari, tukli ari 'humble-bee'

Uighur: hɛrɛ

Azerbaidzhan: arɨ

Turkmen: arɨ, ārɨ (ЭСТЯ)

Khakassian: ār, tüktig ār 'hornet'

Oyrat: arū

Halaj: hārɨ

Chuvash: tǝgǝld-ora 'humble-bee' ? (tǝgǝl 'shaggy')

Yakut: ɨŋɨrɨa

Tuva: arɨ, Todzh. harɨ

Kirghiz: ārɨ

Kazakh: ara, tükti ara 'humble-bee'

Gagauz: ārɨ

Karakalpak: hɛrre

Comments: VEWT 25, EDT 196-197, TMN 2, 47, ЭСТЯ 1, 186-187, Лексика 186, Ашм. XV, 23, Федотов 2, 213-214. Turk. > Mong. ari (not vice versa, despite Щербак 1997, 100).

Proto-Turkic: *ār-t

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 back 2 mountain pass

Russian meaning: 1 спина, задняя сторона; 2 перевал

Old Turkic: art 1, 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: art 1, 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: art (-dɨ) 1

Tatar: art 1

Middle Turkic: art 1 (Pav. C.), 2 (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: ɔrt 1

Uighur: art 1

Sary-Yughur: ard; art 1

Azerbaidzhan: ard 1

Turkmen: ārt 1

Shor: artɨɣ 'shoal'

Oyrat: art 1

Halaj: hārt 1

Yakut: ārtɨk 2

Tuva: a'rt 1

Tofalar: a'rt 1

Kirghiz: art 1, 2

Kazakh: art 1

Noghai: art 1

Bashkir: art 1

Balkar: art 1

Gagauz: ārd 1

Karaim: art 1

Karakalpak: art 1

Salar: ard́i 1

Kumyk: art 1

Comments: EDT 200-201, VEWT 26-27, ЭСТЯ 1, 179-180.

Proto-Turkic: *ạ̄rt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to load, carry on back

Russian meaning: нагружать, нести на спине

Old Turkic: (?) arč- (OUygh. - USp.)

Karakhanid: arčɨ 'saddle-bag' (MK; < art-čɨ?)

Turkish: ard- (dial.), = Osm.

Uzbek: ɔrt-

Uighur: a(r)t-

Sary-Yughur: art-

Khakassian: art-

Shor: arta-

Oyrat: art-art-

Chuvash: ort-

Yakut: ɨ̄rt-

Dolgan: ɨrdā-

Tuva: art-

Kirghiz: art-

Kazakh: art-

Noghai: art-

Bashkir: art-

Gagauz: ārt-

Karakalpak: art-

Comments: VEWT 27, EDT 201, Егоров 276, Федотов 2, 287, ЭСТЯ 1, 180-181. Chuv. ort- may be restructured after *ar-ka 'back'.

Proto-Turkic: *āt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: name

Russian meaning: имя

Old Turkic: at (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: at (MK)

Turkish: ad

Tatar: at

Middle Turkic: at (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɔt, dial. (Namangan) ät

Uighur: at

Sary-Yughur: at

Azerbaidzhan: ad

Turkmen: āt

Khakassian: at

Shor: at

Oyrat: at

Halaj: āt

Chuvash: jat

Yakut: āt

Dolgan: āt

Tuva: at

Tofalar: at, (adɨ)

Kirghiz: at

Kazakh: at

Noghai: at

Bashkir: at

Balkar: at

Gagauz: āt

Karaim: ad

Karakalpak: at

Salar: āt

Kumyk: at

Comments: VEWT 30-1, EDT 32-3, ЭСТЯ 1, 198-199, Егоров 355, Stachowski 41-42.

Proto-Turkic: *āt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to step 2 to walk 3 step (n.)

Russian meaning: 1 шагать 2 ходить 3 шаг

Turkish: adɨm 3, adɨm at-, Osm. ad- 1

Tatar: atla- 1, adɨm 3, atɨ 'step'

Middle Turkic: adɨm (Pav. C.) 3

Uzbek: ɔdim, dial. adɨm 3

Uighur: atli- 1

Azerbaidzhan: adɨm at- 1, adɨm 3

Turkmen: dial. āt-, ǟt-, ǟt-le- 1, ǟdim, dial. ādɨm 3

Khakassian: alta- 1, atɨx- 'to jump'

Oyrat: alta- 1 (< atla-)

Chuvash: odъm 3, ot- 2

Yakut: atɨllā- 1

Dolgan: atɨllā- 'to jump, hop'

Kirghiz: atta- 1, adɨm 3

Kazakh: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Noghai: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Bashkir: atla- 1, aδɨm 3

Balkar: atla- 1

Karaim: adɨm 3

Karakalpak: atla- 1, adɨm 3

Salar: a'tla- 2

Comments: VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 88-89, 322, Федотов 2, 293-294, Stachowski 39.

Proto-Turkic: *ātag

Meaning: island

Russian meaning: остров

Turkish: ada

Tatar: ataw

Middle Turkic: (CCum.) atov

Turkmen: āda

Chuvash: odъ

Comments: VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 87-88, TMN 2, 19, Федотов 2, 295.

Proto-Turkic: *āt-aĺč-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be mistaken, to err

Russian meaning: ошибаться, заблуждаться

Tatar: adaš-

Middle Turkic: adaš-

Uighur: adaš-

Turkmen: ādaš- (А-Б)

Kirghiz: adaš-

Kazakh: adas-

Noghai: adas-

Bashkir: aδaš-

Karaim: adaš-

Karakalpak: adas-

Kumyk: adaš-

Comments: VEWT 5. Strange reflexes of the medial consonant (voicing in Kypchak, δ in Bashk.) may somehow reflect the original cluster "resonant + stop".

Proto-Turkic: *bAča-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to fast 2 fast

Russian meaning: 1 поститься 2 пост

Old Turkic: bača- 1, bačaq 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: bačaq 2 (MK)

Comments: EDT 293. Turk. bača-k 'fast' > WMong. bačag.

Proto-Turkic: *bAd-rak / *bAd-ruk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: banner, flag

Russian meaning: знамя, флаг

Old Turkic: badruq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: batraq (MK: 'a lance with piece of silk at its head')

Turkish: bajrak

Tatar: bajraq

Middle Turkic: bajraq (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bajrɔq, (dial.) bajdaq

Uighur: bajraq, vajraq, (dial.) bajaq

Azerbaidzhan: bajraG

Turkmen: bajdaq

Kazakh: (dial.) bajraq

Noghai: bajraq

Bashkir: bajraq

Balkar: bajraq

Gagauz: bajraq

Karaim: bajraq

Karakalpak: bajraq

Kumyk: bajraq

Comments: EDT 307, VEWT 55, TMN 2, 385-387, ЭСТЯ 33-34, 36, Лексика 565. Turk. (Chag.) > Pers., Arab. Clauson's hypothesis about borrowing from Sanskr. is unfounded because Sanskrit lacks anything similar.

Proto-Turkic: *bAgatur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hero

Russian meaning: герой

Old Turkic: baɣatur (Orkh., n. pr.)

Middle Turkic: (Xwar.) bahatur, CCum. baɣatur

Turkmen: bātɨr

Oyrat: bātɨr

Yakut: bātɨr

Tuva: mādɨr

Kirghiz: bātɨr

Comments: EDT 313, VEWT 55. Cf. the name of the Xiongnu shanyu, MC mâw-ton (*maɣu-tur). This Turkic word was borrowed into numerous surrounding languages (Iranian, Mongolian etc., see the literature in ЭСТЯ). Modern forms like batɨr, batur are back-borrowings from Mong.; forms of the type baxatir - back-borrowings from Persian.

Proto-Turkic: *baj ( ~ -ń)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 holy 2 God 3 true, reliable, honest

Russian meaning: 1 святой 2 бог

Karakhanid: bajat 2 (MK - Argu, KB), bajɨq (MK Oghuz, IM) 3

Turkish: bajat 2, bajɨq (dial.) 3

Middle Turkic: bajat 2 (Abush., Sangl.)

Oyrat: baj-lu 1, maj- 'first part in a number of theonyms', baj terek 'world tree'

Yakut: bajanaj 'name of a God'

Kirghiz: baj terek 'protection, advocacy'

Comments: EDT 385. See VEWT 56-57 (for derivatives), TMN 2, 379. The root should be probably distinguished from *bāj 'rich' (v. sub *bēǯu). An unattested Tuva source > Russ. dial. (Tuva) bajbá 'spirit of hunting luck', see Аникин 109. Yak. > Russ. (Yak.) bajanaj, see Аникин 125-126.

Proto-Turkic: *bAja

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: recently

Russian meaning: недавно

Old Turkic: baja, baja-qɨ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baja (MK)

Turkish: baja, bajak

Tatar: baja

Middle Turkic: baja (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bɔja

Uighur: baja

Sary-Yughur: pija

Azerbaidzhan: bajaG

Turkmen: bajaq, baja-qɨ

Khakassian: paja

Shor: paja

Oyrat: baja

Halaj: bajaq < Az.

Chuvash: paźъr

Tuva: bije

Tofalar: bijɛ

Kirghiz: baja

Kazakh: baja-ɣɨ

Noghai: baja-ɣɨ

Bashkir: baja

Karaim: baja-ɣɨ, baja-qɨ

Karakalpak: baja-ɣɨ

Kumyk: baja-ɣɨ

Comments: EDT 384, 385, VEWT 56, ЭСТЯ 2, 30-32, Лексика 83. The Chuvash form is difficult.

Proto-Turkic: *bAjɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hill, 2 foot-hill 3 hummock

Russian meaning: 1 холм 2 подножье горы 3 пригорок

Turkish: bajɨr 1

Turkmen: bajɨr 1

Khakassian: pār 2

Yakut: bɨar 3

Gagauz: bajɨr 'mountain'

Karaim: bajɨr 1

Comments: ЭСТЯ 2, 37-38, VEWT 57. The root should be distinguished from *bāgɨr 'liver' (although there may occur secondary mergers, cf. Tat. bawur 'slope'). It has no relationship (suggested in ЭСТЯ) to Mong. bajir 'place' (derived from baji- 'to be' and borrowed in Uzb. bajir 'accustomed to local conditions', Kirgh. bajɨr 'attachment to a place', Nogh. bajɨr 'proper'); intermediate (not quite clear) cases are Chag. bajɨr 'plain, desert' (Pav. C.), Az. bajɨr 'the external part of the inhabited area as opposed to the internal part', Khal. bajir 'uncultivated (place)'.

Proto-Turkic: *bĀjk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: owl

Russian meaning: сова

Turkish: bajkuš; bajkara 'hawk'

Middle Turkic: bajquš, bajqɨz

Turkmen: bājGuš

Shor: pajoq 'a k. of bird'

Kazakh: bajɣɨz

Comments: VEWT 57, ЭСТЯ 2, 32-33. Turk. > MMong. (ZM) beiquš.

Proto-Turkic: *bAj-ra-m/k, bAj-ga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 feast 2 horse-race 3 a prize in horse-race

Russian meaning: 1 праздник 2 скачки 3 приз за победу в скачках

Karakhanid: baδram (MK), bajram (MK Oghuz) 1

Turkish: bajram 1

Tatar: bɛjrɛm 1, bɛjgi 2

Middle Turkic: bajram (Бор. Бад.) 1, bajɣa 1 (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: bajram 1, pajgä (R) 3, bajraq (dial., Khorazm) 3

Uighur: bajram 1, (dial.- Lobn.) bajɣa 1

Azerbaidzhan: bajram 1

Turkmen: bajram 1, bajraq 3

Khakassian: paj 1 (Sag.), pajram 1

Shor: bajram 1, pajɣa 1 (R)

Oyrat: bajram 1

Kirghiz: majram 1, bajge 2, 3

Kazakh: mäjram 1, bäjge 2, 3, (dial.) bajraq 3

Noghai: bajram 1

Bashkir: bajram 1, bäjgi 2, 3

Balkar: bajram 1

Gagauz: bajram 1

Karaim: bajram 1

Karakalpak: bajram 1, bäjge 2, 3, bajraq 3

Kumyk: bajram 1

Comments: VEWT 54, 56, ЭСТЯ 2, 32, 33-34 (erroneously under *baδrak 'flag'), 35-36, TMN 2, 384-385. Here one should reconstruct *-j- (not *-δ-), dissimilated before -r- according to Mudrak's rule. Formally *baj-ra-m and *baj-ra-k are deverbatives from a hypothetical *baj-ra- 'to celebrate'; *baj-ga is a denominative with a usual East.-Kypch. suffix. Menges' (1933, 101) hypothesis of bajga < Russ. is quite unlikely (cf. the areal and the Chag. fixation). A rather popular theory of Iranian origin is also excluded: the only acceptable etymology of Pers. bajram is < Turkic (see also ЭСТЯ). Because of semantics, hardly connected with Mong. baj 'sign, goal, road sign'. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bajgá (Аникин 109).

Proto-Turkic: *bạk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to look, watch

Russian meaning: смотреть

Karakhanid: baq- (MK, KB)

Turkish: bak-

Tatar: baq-

Middle Turkic: baq- (Abush.)

Uzbek: bɔq-

Uighur: baq-

Azerbaidzhan: bax-

Turkmen: baq-

Khakassian: pax-

Oyrat: baq-

Chuvash: pъʷx-

Yakut: bɨk- 'to appear, to arise'

Dolgan: bɨk- 'to look out'

Tuva: baq-qɨ-la- 'to peek, to arise'

Tofalar: ba'k-

Kirghiz: baq- 'to look after'

Kazakh: baq- 'to look after'

Noghai: baq- 'to graze'

Bashkir: baq-

Balkar: baq-

Gagauz: baq-

Karaim: baq-

Karakalpak: baq- 'to look after'

Salar: pax-, vax- (ССЯ 440, 542)

Kumyk: baq-

Comments: EDT 311, VEWT 58, ЭСТЯ 2, 38-40, Мудрак 99, Stachowski 70.

Proto-Turkic: *bakań

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof 2 knucklebone 3 joints in animals' feet

Russian meaning: 1 копыто 2 бабка 3 суставы в ногах животных

Old Turkic: baqanaq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baqanaq, baqajaq 1 (MK)

Turkish: bakanak, bakɨnak 1, 2 (dial.)

Tatar: bɛkɛl 2

Uighur: baqalčäq 'shinbone'

Azerbaidzhan: baɣanaɣ, baɣančaɣ 3 (dial.)

Khakassian: paɣajax, maxajax 2

Tofalar: mahnɨq `metatarsus' (ФиЛ 205)

Kirghiz: baqaj 3

Kazakh: baqaj 3

Noghai: baqaj 3

Bashkir: bäqäl 3

Comments: VEWT 58, EDT 316-317, ЭСТЯ 2, 43-44, Дыбо 310, Лексика 286-287.

Proto-Turkic: *bAkan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: necklace, torque

Russian meaning: ожерелье

Karakhanid: baqan (MK)

Comments: EDT 316.

Proto-Turkic: *bakɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 copper 2 patina

Russian meaning: 1 медь 2 налет, патина

Old Turkic: baqɨr 1 (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: baqɨr 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: bakɨr 1

Tatar: baqɨr 1

Middle Turkic: baqɨr (MA, Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: baqir, paqir 1

Uighur: paqir 1

Sary-Yughur: paqɨr 1

Azerbaidzhan: paxɨr 2

Turkmen: baqɨr 1

Khakassian: pāɣǝr (Kyz., Joki) 1

Oyrat: baqras 'brass kettle'

Chuvash: pъʷgъʷr 1

Yakut: baɣaraχ 'pot for boiling milk'

Kirghiz: baqɨr 1

Kazakh: baqɨr 1

Noghai: baqɨr 1

Bashkir: baqɨr 1

Balkar: baɣɨr 1

Gagauz: baqɨr 1

Karaim: baɣɨr 1

Karakalpak: baqɨr 1

Kumyk: baɣɨr 1

Comments: EDT 317, VEWT 58, ЭСТЯ 2, 45-46, Лексика 405-406. Turk. > WMong. baqar, baqur (Kalm. baχr), see KW 29, Щербак 1997, 104. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bakírka (Аникин 111-112).

Proto-Turkic: *bakɨr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cockle

Russian meaning: куколь

Tatar: baqra

Chuvash: poxra

Comments: Федотов 1, 441-442. Cf. Tel. paɣɨr 'allium nutans', 'слизун' (R).