Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *jar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to shine 2 to dawn 3 light 4 candle

Russian meaning: 1 светить 2 рассветать 3 свет 4 свеча

Old Turkic: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaru- 1, jaruq 3 (MK)

Turkish: jarɨk 3 (dial.)

Tatar: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: jarɨ- (AH), jaru- (Abush.) 1, jaruq 3 (Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uzbek: jɔri- 1, jɔruɣ 3

Uighur: joru- 1, joruq 3

Turkmen: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Khakassian: čarɨ- 1, čarɨx 3

Shor: čar-, čarɨ- 1

Oyrat: jar-, d́arɨ- 1, d́arɨq 3

Chuvash: śor-da 4

Yakut: sarā- 2 (but also sɨrdā-)

Dolgan: hɨrdā- 2

Tuva: čɨrɨ- 1, čarɨq 3

Kirghiz: ǯar-, ǯarɨ- 1, ǯarɨq 3

Kazakh: žarɨq 3

Noghai: jarɨq 3

Bashkir: jarɨq 3 (dial.)

Balkar: ǯarɨq 3

Karaim: jarɨ- 1, jarɨq, jarɨx 3

Karakalpak: žarɨq 3

Salar: jarux 3

Kumyk: jarɨq 3

Comments: EDT 956, 962, 963, ЭСТЯ 4, 134-135, VEWT 189 (there are hardly reasons to consider the Chuv. word a borrowing), Федотов 2, 145, Stachowski 119. Turk. (Bulg.?) > Hung. gyertya 'candle', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *jạr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 order 2 announcement, call 3 judge 4 law, justice

Russian meaning: 1 приказ 2 объявление, клич 3 судья 4 закон, правосудие

Old Turkic: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (OUygh.), jarɣan 3

Karakhanid: jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (MK)

Turkish: jar, ǯar 2 (dial.)

Tatar: jar 2, jarlɨq 1

Middle Turkic: jar 2 (Abush.), jar-lɨɣ 1,2 (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jarɣu 4, dial. ǯar 2

Uighur: ǯar 2

Azerbaidzhan: ǯar 2 (dial.)

Turkmen: jarlɨq 1, dial. ǯar 2

Oyrat: d́ar 2

Chuvash: śɨrlъx 1

Tuva: čar 2

Kirghiz: ǯar 2

Kazakh: žar 2

Karakalpak: žar 2

Comments: VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ЭСТЯ 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlɨɣ is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. ǯar 'announcement', ǯarqu, ǯarɣu 'judgement, court', ǯarliq 'order', ǯarɣuči 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Щербак 1997, 123).

Proto-Turkic: *jạŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to write

Russian meaning: писать

Karakhanid: jaz- (MK Oghuz.)

Turkish: jaz-

Tatar: jaz-

Middle Turkic: jaz- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔz-

Uighur: jaz-

Azerbaidzhan: jaz-

Turkmen: jaz-

Halaj: jaz-

Chuvash: śɨr-

Kirghiz: ǯaz-

Kazakh: žaz-

Noghai: jaz-

Bashkir: jaδ-

Balkar: ǯaz-, zaz-

Gagauz: jaz-

Karaim: jaz-

Karakalpak: žaz-

Kumyk: jaz-

Comments: VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. ír- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228).

Proto-Turkic: *jAr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 thin, lean 2 poor 3 flat

Russian meaning: 1 тонкий, тощий 2 бедный 3 плоский

Old Turkic: jarlɨɣ 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jarlɨɣ 2 (MK)

Tatar: jarlɨ 2

Middle Turkic: jarlɨɣ 2 (R., Буд.)

Turkmen: jarlɨ 2 (dial.)

Oyrat: jartɨčaq 3

Tuva: čarɨɣ-da- 1

Kirghiz: ǯarō 1, ǯardɨ, ǯarlɨ, ǯarɨlɨ 2

Kazakh: žara- 1, žar(ɨ)lɨ 2

Noghai: jarlɨ- 2

Bashkir: jarlɨ 2

Balkar: žarlɨ, zarlɨ 2

Karaim: jarlɨ 2

Karakalpak: žarlɨ 2

Kumyk: jarlɨ 2

Comments: EDT 967, VEWT 189, 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 143, Лексика 334-335. The most widely spread form, attested since Old Uyghur, is *jar-lɨ(g) 'poor'; the evidence of Oyr., Tuva, Kirgh. and Kaz., however, suggests the existence of a primary stem *jar(ɨ)- 'thin, lean'. Turk. > Hung. gyarló 'sinful' (< *jarlɨɣ), see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *jar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: armour

Russian meaning: панцирь, доспехи

Old Turkic: jarɨq (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: jarɨq (MK)

Middle Turkic: jarɨq (AH)

Comments: EDT 962, VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 147. Modern languages widely reflect *jarak 'weapon, armour' (Kirgh. ǯaraq, Uygh. jaraq etc., see ЭСТЯ 4, 139). This seems to be a contamination of the earlier attested *jarag 'readiness, opportunity' (derived from *jara- 'to be fit, suitable' q. v. sub *ǯắra; see EDT ibid.) and *jarɨk 'armour'.

Proto-Turkic: *jar- / *jer-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bat

Russian meaning: летучая мышь

Karakhanid: jersgü, jerise (MK Chigil)

Turkish: jarasa, jarasɨk

Tatar: jar-qanat

Middle Turkic: jarasa (AH), jar-qanat (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jɔr-qanɔt

Azerbaidzhan: jarasa

Turkmen: jarasa (dial.), jarɣānat

Khakassian: čar-xanat

Oyrat: jar-ɣanat, d́ar-ɣanat

Chuvash: śara-śerźi

Yakut: sarɨ̄ kɨnat

Tuva: ča'sqɨ

Kirghiz: ǯar-ɣanat

Kazakh: žar-qanat

Noghai: jar-ɣanat

Bashkir: jar-ɣanat

Gagauz: jarasa

Karaim: jeri qanatɨ

Karakalpak: žar-ɣanat

Salar: jeresen

Kumyk: jar-qanat

Comments: EDT 972, VEWT 189, TMN 4, 143, ЭСТЯ 4, 140-141, Лексика 168. The word is etymologically difficult because of the unclear suffix *-sa / *-se attested in early forms and some of the modern reflexes. In most modern languages the word is folk-etymologically rebuilt as *jarɨ-Kiajnat 'film-wing' (or 'naked sparrow' in Chuv.).

Proto-Turkic: *jara-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be beneficial, useful, successful

Russian meaning: годиться, быть годным, полезным

Old Turkic: jara- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jara- (MK)

Turkish: jara-

Tatar: jara-

Middle Turkic: jara- (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jara-

Uighur: jara-

Sary-Yughur: jara-

Azerbaidzhan: jara-

Turkmen: jara-

Khakassian: čara-

Shor: čara-

Oyrat: jara-, d́ara-

Halaj: jara-

Chuvash: śoraś- 'to reconcile'

Kirghiz: ǯara-

Kazakh: žara-

Noghai: jara-

Bashkir: jara-

Balkar: zaras-

Gagauz: jara-

Karaim: jara-

Karakalpak: žara-

Salar: jara-

Kumyk: jara-

Comments: EDT 956, VEWT 189, ЭСТЯ 4, 137-139, TMN 4, 56-57, 144, Федотов 2, 141. Turk. caus. *jarat- > Hung. gyárt- 'to produce' (Gombocz 1912).

Proto-Turkic: *jara

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wound

Russian meaning: рана

Turkish: jara

Tatar: jara

Middle Turkic: jara (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jara

Uighur: jara

Azerbaidzhan: jara

Turkmen: jara

Halaj: jāra

Kirghiz: ǯara

Kazakh: žara

Noghai: jara

Balkar: ǯara, žara, zara

Gagauz: jara

Karakalpak: žara

Kumyk: jara

Comments: VEWT 189, ЭСТЯ 4, 139-140. Turk. > WMong. jara, Kalm. jarǝ (KW 215, Щербак 1997, 123, TMN 4, 54-55). Usually regarded as derived from *jār- 'split' (q. v. sub *p`i̯ā́rV), which may be possible if Khalaj length is original; however, shortness in Turkm. jara, as well as the probable connection with Mong. *sirka 'wound' is contradicting it.

Proto-Turkic: *jargun

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: some kind of wild quadruped

Russian meaning: вид дикого четвероногого

Old Turkic: jarɣun (Orkh., OUygh.-YB)

Khakassian: čarɣɨn '2-year-old bear-cub' (Борг.)

Tuva: čarɨ 'a producent reindeer'

Kirghiz: jarɣɨn 'a mongrel of a yak and cow'

Comments: EDT 963.

Proto-Turkic: *jarɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 leather 2 pellicle

Russian meaning: 1 кожа 2 кожица

Tatar: jarɨ 2

Middle Turkic: jarɨ (AH) 1

Turkmen: jarɨ 1

Shor: čarɨɣ 1

Oyrat: jarū 1

Yakut: sarɨ̄ 1, 2

Dolgan: harɨ̄ 2

Bashkir: jarɨ 2

Kumyk: jari 2

Comments: ЭСТЯ 4, 146; Лексика 384, Stachowski 98.

Proto-Turkic: *jạr-ɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 morning 2 tomorrow 3 next year

Russian meaning: 1 утро 2 завтра 3 следующий год

Old Turkic: jarɨn 1 (Orkh.)

Karakhanid: jarɨn 2 (MK)

Turkish: jarɨn 2

Middle Turkic: jarɨn 1, 2 (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jarɨn 3 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: jarɨn 3

Chuvash: ɨran 2

Yakut: sarsɨn 1

Dolgan: harsɨn 1

Bashkir: jarɨn 3 (dial.)

Gagauz: jārɨn 1, 2

Karakalpak: žarɨn 3

Comments: EDT 970, VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 147-148, Егоров 343, Лексика 80, Stachowski 97. Räsänen derives the stem from *jar- 'to shine, glitter', but this is dubious both for phonetic reasons (OT has jaru- 'to shine', but jarɨn 'morning') and because of external evidence.

Proto-Turkic: *jarɨn

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shoulder, shoulderblade

Russian meaning: плечо, лопатка

Old Turkic: jarɨn (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jarɨn (MK)

Sary-Yughur: jarɨn

Khakassian: čarɨn

Shor: čarɨn

Oyrat: jarɨn, d́arɨn

Chuvash: śorъm

Yakut: sarɨn

Dolgan: sarɨn, sannɨ

Tuva: čarɨn

Comments: EDT 970, ЭСТЯ 4, 66, Лексика 242, Дыбо 139-141, Федотов 2, 142, Stachowski 209. Forms going back to *jagrɨn are due to a merger with *jagɨr (v. sub *dagV).

Proto-Turkic: *jạŕ-, *jạŕɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 flat 2 steppe, flat ground 3 to spread, spread out, flatten folds

Russian meaning: 1 плоский 2 степь, плоская почва 3 расстилать, расправлять складки

Old Turkic: jaz- 3 (OUygh.) jazɨ 1,2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jaz- 3 (MK, KB), jazɨ 2 (MK)

Turkish: jazɨ 2

Tatar: jaz- 3

Middle Turkic: jaz- 3 (Pav. C.), jazɨ 2 (Ettuhf., AH)

Uzbek: jɔz- 3

Uighur: jaz- 3, jazi, jezi 2 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: jaz- 3

Azerbaidzhan: jazɨ 2 (dial.)

Turkmen: jaz- 3, jazɨ 2

Khakassian: čazɨ 2

Oyrat: jas-, d́as- 3, jazɨ, d́azɨ 1, 2

Yakut: sɨhɨ̄ 2

Tuva: čas- 3

Kirghiz: ǯaz- 3, ǯazɨ 1, 2

Kazakh: žaz- 3, žazɨ 2 (dial.)

Noghai: jaz- 3, jazɨ 2 (dial.)

Bashkir: jaδ- 3

Gagauz: jaz- 3

Karakalpak: žaz- 3

Kumyk: jaz- 3

Comments: VEWT 194, EDT 983, 984, ЭСТЯ 4, 69-70, 73, Лексика 97.

Proto-Turkic: *jarkak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: skin (tanned, without hair)

Russian meaning: шкура (дубленая, без волос)

Tatar: jarɣaq

Middle Turkic: jarɣaq (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: ǯɔrɣaq (dial.)

Uighur: ja(r)ɣaq

Turkmen: jarɣaq

Oyrat: jarɣaq, d́arɣaq

Chuvash: śorɣax 'film, membrane'

Tuva: čarɣaš 'hairless (skin); placenta'

Kirghiz: ǯarɣaq

Kazakh: žarɣaq

Noghai: jarɣaq

Bashkir: jarɣaq

Karakalpak: žarɣaq

Kumyk: jarɣaq (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 190, ЭСТЯ 4, 141-142, Лексика 385, Ашм. XII, 277-278, Федотов 2, 145-146. Turk. > WMong. ǯarɣaɣ, Kalm. zarɣǝg (KW 467).

Proto-Turkic: *jAr-man-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to climb up

Russian meaning: залезать

Old Turkic: jarma-, jarman- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jarman- (MK)

Tatar: jarpa- 'to put on airs'

Middle Turkic: jarman- (Sangl.)

Turkmen: jarmaš-

Khakassian: čarban-

Shor: čarban-

Oyrat: jarman- (Верб.)

Halaj: jarmalaq 'seesaw for children'

Kirghiz: jarmaš-

Kazakh: žarmas- 'to cling to'

Karakalpak: žarmas- 'to cling to'

Comments: VEWT 190, EDT 969.

Proto-Turkic: *jạŕtuk / *jạtŕuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pillow 2 to prop on a pillow

Russian meaning: 1 подушка 2 опирать(ся) на подушку

Old Turkic: jastuq 'pillow-shaped ingot of silver' (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jastuq 1, jasta- 2

Turkish: jastɨk 1, jasta- 2

Tatar: jastɨq 1

Middle Turkic: jastuq 1 (AH)

Uzbek: jɔstiq 1

Uighur: jastuq 1

Sary-Yughur: jastɨq 1

Azerbaidzhan: jassɨx (dial.) 1

Turkmen: jassɨq 1

Khakassian: častɨx 1, časta- 2

Shor: častɨq 1, časta- 2

Oyrat: jastɨq, d́astɨq 1

Halaj: jastuq 1

Chuvash: śɨdъr 1

Yakut: sɨttɨk 1, sɨtta- 2

Dolgan: hɨttɨk 1

Tuva: sɨrtɨq, sɨstɨq 1

Kirghiz: ǯazdɨq, ǯastɨq 1, ǯazda-, ǯasta- 2

Kazakh: žastɨq 1, žasta- 2

Noghai: jastɨq 1

Bashkir: jaɵtɨq 1

Balkar: ǯastɨq, zastɨq 1

Gagauz: jastɨq 1

Karaim: jastɨq 1

Karakalpak: dastɨq 1, žasta-, dasta- 2

Salar: jastux 1

Kumyk: jastɨq, jastuq 1

Comments: PT *ŕ is indicated by the Chuv. form and probably also (with rotacism) Tuva sɨrtɨk. Other forms for the most part reflect an assimilated *jaz-t- > *jast-. See VEWT 191, ЭСТЯ 4, 154-155, EDT 974, Stachowski 121.

Proto-Turkic: *jAs-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flat and broad

Russian meaning: широкий и плоский

Karakhanid: jasɨ (MK)

Turkish: jassɨ

Tatar: jassɨ, jastɨ

Middle Turkic: jassɨ (AH, Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: jassi

Azerbaidzhan: jastɨ

Turkmen: jasɨ

Bashkir: jaɵɨ

Balkar: ǯassɨ

Gagauz: jasɨ

Kumyk: jassɨ

Comments: VEWT 191, EDT 973-974, ЭСТЯ 4, 153-154, 155-156 (see there the list of other derivatives of the root *jAs-), Лексика 98.

Proto-Turkic: *jAsa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to determine, govern 2 to create

Russian meaning: 1 определять, управлять 2 создавать

Turkish: jasa- 1

Tatar: jasa- 1, 2

Middle Turkic: jasa- 1 (Ettuhf., Pav. C., Abush.) 1, 2

Uzbek: jasa- 2

Uighur: jasa- 2

Turkmen: jasa- 2

Khakassian: čaza- 2

Shor: čaza- 2

Oyrat: jaza-, d́aza- 1, 2

Tuva: čaza- 2

Kirghiz: ǯasa- 1, 2

Kazakh: žasa- 2

Noghai: jasa- 2

Bashkir: jaha- 1, 2

Karaim: jasa- 1, 2

Karakalpak: žasa- 2

Salar: jasa- 2

Kumyk: jasa- 2

Comments: VEWT 191, ЭСТЯ 4, 150-152. The verb has been also read in the Kül-Tegin inscription (8th c.), but Clauson (EDT 974) contests the reading. Turk. > Mong. ǯasa- id. (KW 468), whence Evk. ǯasa- etc., see Doerfer MT 61; TMN 4, 92-96, EDT and Щербак 1997, 204, however, regard the Turkic forms as Mongolisms).

Proto-Turkic: *jasɨ-muk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lentil

Russian meaning: чечевица

Old Turkic: jasɨmuq (OUygh.)

Turkish: jasmɨk

Tatar: jasmɨq

Middle Turkic: jasmuq (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: jɔsmiq

Uighur: jesimuq

Turkmen: jasmɨq (dial.)

Kirghiz: ǯasɨmɨq (dial.)

Kazakh: žasɨmɨq (dial.)

Bashkir: jaɵmɨq

Salar: jasmux

Comments: EDT 975, VEWT 191, ЭСТЯ 4, 154, Лексика 464-465.

Proto-Turkic: *jạt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lie, to sleep

Russian meaning: лежать, спать

Old Turkic: jat- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jat- (MK)

Turkish: jat-

Tatar: jat-

Middle Turkic: jat- (MA)

Uzbek: jɔt-

Uighur: jat-

Sary-Yughur: jat-

Azerbaidzhan: jat- 1, 2

Turkmen: jat-

Khakassian: čat-

Shor: čat- (R)

Oyrat: d́at-

Halaj: jat-

Yakut: sɨt-

Dolgan: hɨt-

Tuva: čɨ't-

Tofalar: čɨ't-

Kirghiz: ǯat-

Kazakh: žat-

Noghai: jat-

Bashkir: jat-

Balkar: žat-

Gagauz: jat-

Karaim: jat-

Karakalpak: žat-

Salar: jaht-

Kumyk: jat-

Comments: VEWT 192, EDT 884, ЭСТЯ 4, 156-158, Stachowski 120.