Altaic etymology : Query result

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 109, 276. The PTM form should be reconstructed with *-l- (despite АПиПЯЯ); therefore it belongs here rather than to PT *ȫn-, Mong. *ön-.

Proto-Altaic: *ŋṑŕa

Meaning: to surpass, win, contest

Russian meaning: превосходить, побеждать, соревноваться

Turkic: *oŕ-

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋōr-ča-

Japanese: *àràsuap-

Comments: Дыбо 15. Ozawa 170 compares the Jpn. form with Mong. arča- 'to quarrel, fight', but the latter is rather a reflex of *ḗŕa q. v. We should note that the Jpn. form may also belong to a different root, PA *erV 'seek, contest' (a possible Mong.-Turk. isogloss, on which see under *ī́re 'reach').

Proto-Altaic: *ŋúpu ( ~ -o-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of clamp

Russian meaning: вид зажима

Mongolian: *gub-

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋubi

Japanese: *úpái

Comments: An interesting common Altaic cultural term: as seen from the reflexes, it could denote a device that could snap around some object (a fish-trap, a clamp, a two-pronged rowlock etc.).

Proto-Altaic: *ŋurV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: young male

Russian meaning: молодой самец

Turkic: *urɨ

Mongolian: *gura

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋur

Comments: SKE 177, EAS 107. A Western isogloss. See also *gúri.

Proto-Altaic: *ŋŭ̀sí ( ~ -o-)

Meaning: heel

Russian meaning: пятка

Mongolian: *ösügeji

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋusē-

Japanese: *ùsírǝ

Comments: The original meaning is probably preserved in Mongolian, with a specialization ('heel' > 'heel strap, ski strap') in TM, and a generalization ('heel' > 'back') in Japanese.

Proto-Altaic: *ŋūja

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be able

Russian meaning: мочь

Turkic: *u(j)-

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋū-

Japanese: *a-

Comments: Cf. also potential forms in Mongolian languages: Ord. -ūn 'if it is possible to', Bur. -ūtaj 'going to'.

Proto-Altaic: *ŋū̀je

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: long hair

Russian meaning: длинные волосы

Turkic: *öjek

Mongolian: *öjekeji

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋūjelse

Japanese: *bǝ̀ (*buà)

Comments: Дыбо 10, Лексика 146, 423. In Jpn. *ua would be expected - which would yield OJ wo (therefore undistinguishable from *bua or *bǝ).

Proto-Altaic: *ŋū́ju

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to sleep

Russian meaning: спать

Turkic: *ū-dɨ-, *ū-dɨ-k-la-

Mongolian: *nojir

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋu(j)a

Japanese: *úi-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 18, 50, 101, 280, Мудрак Дисс. 102.

Proto-Altaic: *ó

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: this, that (deictic particle)

Russian meaning: этот,тот (дейктическая основа)

Turkic: *o(-l)

Mongolian: *on-

Tungus-Manchu: *u-

Japanese: *ǝ́-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 280. A Korean match (dubious) see in SKE 176.

Proto-Altaic: *obri ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dawn

Russian meaning: белый, светлый; рассвет

Turkic: *ürüŋ (*örüŋ)

Mongolian: *öwr

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)oru-

Comments: KW 298, VEWT 375, АПиПЯЯ 288. A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *óče

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: late, evening

Russian meaning: поздний, вечер

Mongolian: *öčüge

Korean: *ǝ̀čǝ́i

Japanese: *ǝ́sǝ́-

Comments: Martin 234-235. Cf. TM: Nan. wasoana 'not long ago' (see ТМС 2, 295). Kor. ǝ- is probably a result of secondary assimilation ( < *ɨ̀čǝ́i or *ùčǝ́i).

Proto-Altaic: *odi ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: day, time

Russian meaning: день, время

Turkic: *öd

Mongolian: *üd-

Comments: KW 455, Владимирцов 153, Лексика 68-69. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. also Mong. udaɣa, Mongor udā 'time' (MGCD 666). Nan. udur 'heat' may be borrowed < Mong.

Proto-Altaic: *odi ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sexual passion

Russian meaning: сексуальное влечение

Turkic: *öd-

Mongolian: *(h)uǯid

Tungus-Manchu: *uda-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀ge

Meaning: lonely, orphan

Russian meaning: одинокий, сирота

Turkic: *ög-

Mongolian: *ügej

Tungus-Manchu: *ugī

Korean: *ói

Comments: Рясянен 1955, 106, TMN 2, 159-160.

Proto-Altaic: *òje

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to swim

Russian meaning: плавать

Mongolian: *üji- / *oji-mu-

Tungus-Manchu: *ujV-

Japanese: *ǝ̀jǝ̀nk- (*ǝ̀juànk-)

Comments: EAS 98, АПиПЯЯ 79, 99, 277.

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀je

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: life, age

Russian meaning: жизнь, возраст

Turkic: *öj (?)

Mongolian: *üje

Tungus-Manchu: *uju-

Japanese: *ǝ̀jǝ̀-

Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 242, Ozawa 65-66 (Mong.-Jpn.).

Proto-Altaic: *ójle ( ~ -i)

Meaning: small fruit

Russian meaning: мелкий плод

Mongolian: *ölir

Tungus-Manchu: *ulīn-kta

Korean: *òijǝ́s

Comments: Дыбо 10. Cf. Turkm. ülǯe 'cherry'; Kum., KBalk. ülkü 'bush, shrub', Bashk. ölköm id.? Despite Doerfer MT 81, Rozycki 217, TM cannot be < Mong. or vice versa. Cf. also *èrì, *ùjrV́. {Cf. PE *ulaʁi(ʁ) 'apple berry'}

Proto-Altaic: *oki

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to sing, recite

Russian meaning: петь, декламировать

Turkic: *okɨ-

Mongolian: *üge

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)og- ~ *(x)ok-

Korean: *o'ăi-

Japanese: *uka-ip-

Comments: Despite poor representation in TM, the root is well preserved elsewhere and appears to be well reconstructable for PA.