Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tām

Meaning : they, themselves

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tām

Proto-Telugu : *tām- (obl. *tam-)

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tām

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tām

Proto-North Dravidian : *tām (obl. tam-)

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tām

Meaning : themselves

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tām (obl. tam; before vowels tamm-)

Tamil meaning : they themselves; you (hon. pl.)

Tamil derivates : tāŋkaḷ you (hon. pl.); tamar one's own people, relatives, kindred, friends, servants; tamarmai friendship; taman_ a male relative or friend; fem. tamaḷ; tami solitude, loneliness, destitution; (-pp-, -tt-) to be alone, lonely; tamiyan_ solitary, lonely man, destitute person; fem. tamiyaḷ; tam-appan_ father

Malayalam : tām (obl. tam-, tamm-)

Malayalam meaning : themselves

Malayalam derivates : tāŋkaḷ, taŋŋaḷ they, themselves; you (hon.); tamar one's own people; tam-appan father

Kannada : tām (obl. tam-), tāvu (obl. tav-)

Kannada meaning : they, themselves; you (hon.)

Kannada derivates : tamatu, tamattu, tammatu, tammutu, tammadu theirs; tamar, tavar those who are his, hers or theirs, one's own people

Kodagu : taŋga (obl. taŋga-)

Kodagu meaning : themselves

Proto-Nilgiri : *tām (obl. *tam-)

Number in DED : 3162

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tām (obl. *tam-)

Meaning : themselves

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tām (obl. tam-)

Toda : tam (obl. tam-)

Additional forms : Also Toda tadam each his own, separate, different ( < tam-dam; *Nd > d); tada(m) mār_ separately (for mār_, see 4717)

Number in DED : 3162

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tām- (obl. *tam-)

Meaning : they, themselves; you (hon.)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tāmu (obl. tam-, tamm-)

Dialectal forms (1) : tamaru

Dialectal forms (2) : tāru

Number in DED : 3162

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tām

Meaning : they

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : *tām (obl. tam-) "they, themselves"

Naikri : tām "they, themselves"

Parji : tām (obl. tam-) "they, themselves"

Ollari Gadba : tām (obl. tam-) "they, themselves"

Additional forms : Also Kolami tamne their own; tam bān his, her, their own father

Number in DED : 3162

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tām

Meaning : they, themselves

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *tam-

Konda : tām

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tāmb-u (obl. *tam-)

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *tam-

Meaning : they, themselves

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : tammā, tammaṭ

Number in DED : 3162

Number in CVOTGD : 1661

Konda etymology :

Konda : tām

Meaning: they, themselves (BB)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3162

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tāmb-u (obl. *tam-)

Meaning : they, themselves

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : tāru (masc.), tāi (neut.) (obl. tāṛan-)

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : tambū (obl. tam-)

Kuwi (Schulze) : tāmbu (obl. tam-)

Notes : Kui tāru is an evident innovation, under the influence of demonstrative pronouns, such as āru 'those', etc.

Number in DED : 3162

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *tām (obl. *tam-)

Meaning : they, themselves

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : tām (obl. tam-)

Malto : tām, tāmi (obl. tam-)

Number in DED : 3162

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭülV

Meaning: to burn

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *t`ulV (~ -o-)

Uralic: *tule

Kartvelian: *ṭwr-

Dravidian: *tuḷ-

References: МССНЯ 341, 352, ОСНЯ 1, 221-222; ND 2354a *ṭUl̄V 'kindle, fire' (Alt., Ur. + Arab.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ulV (~ -o-, -ĺ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to burn

Russian meaning: жечь

Mongolian: *tüle-

Tungus-Manchu: *tola-

Comments: Manchu may be borrowed from Mong. (despite vocalic differences), thus the Proto-Altaic antiquity of the root is dubious; see, however, a Nostratic etymology in МССНЯ 341.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tüle-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to burn

Russian meaning: жечь

Written Mongolian: tüle- (L 852)

Middle Mongolian: tulɛ- (IM), tulä- (MA), tulē- (SH), tūle- (Lig.VMI)

Khalkha: tüle-

Buriat: tüli-, tüle-

Kalmuck: tül-

Ordos: tüle-, tüli-

Dongxian: tulie-

Baoan: tule-

Dagur: tule- (Тод. Даг. 169, MD 227), tulu-

Shary-Yoghur: telee-

Monguor: tulē- (SM 431)

Mogol: tülēn 'firewood'; ZM tulän (19-2a) id.

Comments: KW 414, MGCD 658. Mong. > Oyr. tül- etc. (Лексика 364).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tola-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to kindle (a torch)

Russian meaning: зажигать (факел)

Literary Manchu: tolo-

Comments: ТМС 2, 200.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1087

Proto: *tule

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: fire

German meaning: Feuer

Finnish: tuli (gen. tulen) 'Feuer'

Estonian: tuli (gen. tule)

Saam (Lapp): dǫllâ -l- (N), tållå (L), toll (Kld. Not. A)

Mordovian: tol (E M) 'Feuer; Funke'

Mari (Cheremis): tǝ̑l (KB), tul (U B)

Udmurt (Votyak): ti̮l (S), tǝ̑l (K), tị̑l (G)

Komi (Zyrian): ti̮l-ke̮rt (S) 'Feuerstahl', ti̮la (S) 'Neubruch'

Nenets (Yurak): tū (O) 'Feuer'

Enets (Yen): tū (c̣ɦ.), tu (B)

Nganasan (Tawgi): tui

Selkup: tyy (Ta. Ke.), tý (N), tǖ (Tur.)

Kamass: šш

Janhunen's version: (52) *tuli6

Sammalahti's version: *tuli6

Addenda: Koib. siü, siu; Mot. tue-k; Karag. dui; Taig. tui

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭwr-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: зажигать свечку

English meaning: to light a candle

Svan: ṭwr-

Notes and references: Сванская основа в МССHЯ 341 сравнивается с монг. *tüle- 'жечь'.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tuḷ-

Meaning : to shine

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tuḷ-

Proto-Telugu : *tul-

Notes : Nostratic parallels.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVLV

Meaning : burn, fire

Eurasiatic : *t`ülV

Sino-Caucasian : Cf. ST *thūr (~dh-,-ō-) 'shine, burn'

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