Macro-Khoisan etymology : List with all references

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Macro-Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-Khoisan : *ƛV

Meaning : water

Proto-Bushman : *Ła

Proto-Khoe : *chǎ

Sandawe : *ƛ̣wa

Notes : One of the few examples on possible lateral affricates in Proto-Khoisan.

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Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

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Number : 164

Proto-Bushman : *Ła

Meaning : water

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ɡ!̯a

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *!qhà

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *!qha

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : Cf. also PNK *ɡ!̯u "water" (a good match for ǂHoan žo but a worse one for PT *!qhà - traces of old ablaut are not excluded).

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North Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-Ju: *ǀǀaʔm

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to pour out (large quantities of liquid)

Juǀʼhoan : ǀǀàʔm "pour out"

Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ǀǀemʔm

!O!Kung (Snyman): ǀǀàm̀ṁ

References : Dickens 330; Snyman 47; Snyman 1980: 46.

RefLex number: 2616

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South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

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Proto-Taa : *!qhà

Meaning : water, rain, amniotic fluid

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : !qhàa 3 II e

Masarwa : =!kha, !khā, !xā

|Nu//en : !kha

!Xoong derivates : !qhàa ɡ|qhūã-tê "clouds (gen.)"; !qhàa ɳ|àn "the wind"; !qhàa ʔɳʘāhã "water itself"

References : Bleek 423, 496; Traill 87.

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South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

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Proto-!Wi : *!qha

Meaning : water

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : !kwá, !khoā, !khwā, !khwā̀ (B.); !kwā, !kwá, !kwă^ŋ, !khwā, !khwāgǝn (Ll.)

//Ng : !hā, !hagǝn, !hāŋ, !hake, !kā, !kha, ||khā

N|huki : !qhaa

#Khomani : -!kha, !khḁ (Dk.); !kha (Mg.)

//Ku//e : kho

!Gã!ne : !oa, !owa

//Xegwi (Batwa) : khā, ||kha; qhaa (LH)

|Auni : !kā, khā, khai, ||khāa

|Haasi : ka

|Nusan : !koa

References : Bleek 75, 88, 89, 394, 402, 423, 427, 431, 437, 457, 490, 496, 572; LHb 48; NFn.

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Central Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-Khoe : *chǎ

Meaning : water

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *ca (?)

West Khoe : *chǎ

East Khoe : *chǎ

Notes : Baucom: Buka tshaa, Molepolole tsaa, ǂHebakho tshaa.

References : Baucom 35; Vossen 505.

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Khoekhoe etymology :

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Proto-Khoekhoe : *ca

Meaning : saliva

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : tsā-b

References : Haacke 42.

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West Central Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-West Khoe : *chǎ

Meaning : water

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : chǎ

Kxoe (Hukwe) : śàá; çǎ (Kö.)

Buga : chǎ

|Ganda : chà

Naro : chà (V.); tsà, tshà (Ba.)

|Gwi : châ; tsà (Ta.)

//Gana : châ; tsà (Ta.)

#Haba : chá

References : Barnard 36; KH; Tanaka 105; Vossen 505.

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East Central Khoisan etymology :

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Proto-East Khoe : *chǎ

Meaning : water

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : chǎ

Deti : chǎ

Cara : chǎ

Tsixa : chǎ

Danisi : chǎ

Kua : chǎ

Tsua : chǎ

Hietshware : tsaa

Sehura : tsa

Mohissa : tsa

References : Bleek 210; Dornan 110; Vossen 505.

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Sandawe etymology :

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Proto-Sandawe : *ƛ̣wa

Meaning : rain

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : t_'oa (D.); tl'wang' (K.); tl'oa (Kim.); tl'wá, tl'oá^ŋ (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 53; Kagaya 103; Kimmenade 58; TBW 306.

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