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West Chadic etymology :

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Proto-WChadic: *karVnkaw
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'frog'
Warji: kúrsì (?)
Bade: karenakau [Mouchet]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-bad,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔan/m-)ḳVr(n)-
Meaning: frog
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *(ʔ/ʕa-n-)ḳVr(-n)- 'frog'
Berber: *(ʔam-)ḳ(ʷ)ark(ʷ)Vr 'toad' 1, 'frog' 2
Egyptian: ḳrr 'frog' (n)
Western Chadic: *karVnkaw 'frog'
Central Chadic: *kVr-Vn-
East Chadic: *kVr-Vn-
Notes: Cf. Dolg AAN 18: Arb.; Eg.; Ch. (incl. forms meaning 'turtle')
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 182
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVr-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: frog
Syrian Aramaic: yaḳrūrā 'rana' [Brock. 308], [PS 1627]. On ya- prefixation v. Introduction, ... . Cf. also ḳārītā 'testudo; locustae species' [Brock. 696], [PS 3717] (possibly related with meaning shifts).
Arabic: ḳirr-, ḳurr-, ḳarr-at-, ḳirr-at-, ḳurr-at- 'grenouille' [BK 2 699], [LA V 91].
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳāḳer 'frog' [LGz. 439]. With partial reduplication (v. Introduction, ...).
Notes: Likely related to this root are forms with prefixed and suf- fixed ʕ in Syr. ʕaḳrūḳā 'rana' [Brock. 544], [PS 2974], Tgr. ḳorǝʕ 'frog' [LH 243] and Tna. ḳʷǝrʕo 'rana' [Bass. 292] (with an interesting remark "dicesi pure ḳʷǝrʕob"). Cf. also Jud. ʔaḳroḳtā 'frog' [Ja. 113] (to be directly connected with Syr. ʕaḳrūḳā with weakening of to ʔ). Cf. further Eth. forms with suffixed ʕ combined with prefixed or suffixed Vn: - Tgr. ʔanḳorǝʕ 'grenouille' [LH 372], Tna. ǝnḳoroʕ 'frog' [LGz. 443] (not in [Bass.]), Har. anḳurāraḥti 'frog' [LHar. 29], Sel. Wol. Zwy. ǝnḳurarit 'frog' [LGur. 71]; - Gez. ḳʷarnanaʕāt, ḳʷarnānǝʕāt, ḳʷanānaʕāt, ḳarnanāʕ 'frog; snail' [LGz. 442], Amh. ḳǝrnanot 'frog' [K 735], ḳʷärnänat (ḳʷärnanat) id. [ibid.], ḳurno 'snail' [ibid.]. [LGz. 442]: Gez., Eth., Jud, Arb.
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-notes,

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Berber etymology :

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Proto-Berber: *(ʔam-)ḳ(ʷ)arḳ(ʷ)Vr
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'toad' 1, 'frog' 2
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): aɣeru, pl. i-ɣerân
Rif: aḳarḳur 1
Menasser: amḳǝrḳūr 2
Sened: Snhj aḳarḳur 2, Mtmt umgʷǝrgʷǝr 1
Iznassen: ḳarḳriw 1
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ahg,brbet-rif,brbet-mns,brbet-snd,brbet-izn,

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Egyptian etymology :

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Old Egyptian: ḳrr
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'frog' (n)
Coptic: *krur id.
Bohairic: k'rour
Sahidic: krour
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,

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Central Chadic etymology :

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Proto-CChadic: *kVr-Vn-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'frog'
Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: (?) krǹ̥dá
Gava: kirè [Kr N 175]
Mofu-Gudur: ka-kǝraŋ [BMof]
Daba: kɨ̀rrɨ-ŋ [Kr]
Fali Bwagira: kur-min [Kr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-dgh,cchet-gav,cchet-mof,cchet-dab,cchet-fbw,

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East Chadic etymology :

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Proto-EChadic: *kVr-Vn-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'frog'
Mubi: kìrḗ-nì [??]
Sokoro: kóri-ŋgē [Nc]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mub,echet-sok,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : frog
Eurasiatic : *gwVrV
Afroasiatic : *ḳir-
Sino-Caucasian : *xq̇wV́rV(q̇V)
Austric : PAA *kVl / *kVr 'turtle', PAN *ku[L]a'
Amerind (misc.) : *kʷaḳat (R 294) [+ A K]
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kédè 'kind of frog'.
Reference : ND 1930.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *gwVrV
Meaning: frog
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *gʷredh-
Altaic: *k`er[o]
References: ND 1930 *q̇oRV 'frog, toad' (+ Georg. mq̇var- which is also under *mVq̇V).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *gʷredh-
Meaning: toad, frog
Old Greek: bátrakho-s m., dial. bótrakho-s, brótakho-s, pl. bratákhọ̄s Hsch., bǘrthakos, pl. brǘtikoi (Hes), {bathǘrako-s - not found!} `Frosch'
Germanic: *krad-ōn- f.; *krid-ōn- f.; *krud-(i)ōn- f.
Latin: bruscus `ranae genus', ruscus `Kröte'
Russ. meaning: жаба, лягушка
References: WP I 698 f
piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *kradōn; *kridōn; *krud(i)ōn
Meaning: toad
IE etymology: IE etymology
Middle Dutch: crode, crade f.
Dutch: zuidnl. krodde f. `pad'
Middle Low German: krode, krāde, krȫde; { krede }
Old High German: kreta f.(9.Jh.); krota f. (10.Jh.) `Kröte'
Middle High German: krot(e), krotte, kröte, krut; krate, krade; krëte wk./st. f. 'kröte; frosch'
German: Kröte f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`er[o]
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: frog, toad
Russian meaning: лягушка, жаба
Turkic: *Kɨr-bāka / *Kur-
Tungus-Manchu: *xerekī
Korean: *kòr'oàŋ'í
Comments: An expressive root with not quite regular correspondences.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kɨr-bāka / *Kur-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 toad 2 frog
Russian meaning: 1 жаба 2 лягушка
Karakhanid: qur-baqa (MK) 1
Tatar: qɨr-baqa 1
Middle Turkic: qur-baɣa 1
Turkmen: Gur-bāGa 2
Kirghiz: qur-baqa 1
Kazakh: qur-baqa 2
Comments: Лексика 180.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xerekī
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: frog
Russian meaning: лягушка
Evenki: erekī
Even: eriki
Negidal: ejexī
Literary Manchu: erxe
Ulcha: xere, xereke
Orok: xere
Nanai: xere
Oroch: ēki
Udighe: ēxi
Comments: ТМС 2, 466-467.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *kòr'oàŋ'í
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: snail
Russian meaning: улитка
Middle Korean: kòr'oàŋ'í
Comments: Nam 51.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xq̇wV́rV(q̇V̄)
Meaning: frog
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *q̇_wVrVq̇V̄
Sino-Tibetan: OC 蟈 *kʷrǝ̄k 'frog' (or 龜 *kʷrǝ turtle)
Yenisseian: *xǝʔr-
Burushaski: *ɣórku-
Basque: *Herug(ʷ)i
Comments and references : +LV B26, DCE 16.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *q̇_wVrVq̇V̄
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: frog
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:ʷirq̇:ʷV
Proto-Tsezian: *q̇urq̇-ač̣ (~ -o-)
Proto-Lak: uIrwaṭi
Proto-Lezghian: *q̇araq̇ʷVl
Proto-Khinalug: q̇urq̇or
Proto-West Caucasian: *q:ʷaq:ʷa (~ *q̇ʷ)
Notes: An expressive onomatopoeic root, revealing, however, regular phonetic correspondences, and thus satisfactorily reconstructed for PNC. Lak. uIrwaṭi < *q̇uIrq̇ʷa-ṭi with expressive pharyngealization and a frequent expressive dental suffix.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *q̇:ʷirq̇:ʷV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: frog
Avar: q̇:ʷerq̇:
Chadakolob: q̇ʷeq̇
Andian language: q̇:urru
Akhvakh: koq̇:o
Chamalal: q̇:ũq̇:
Tindi: q̇:orq̇:u /q̇:oq̇:u
Karata: q̇:orq̇:o
Bagvalal: q̇:urq̇:
Godoberi: q̇:urq̇:u
Comments: Av. paradigm B (q̇:orq̇:ó-l, q̇:urq̇:-bí; Chad. q̇oq̇ó-l, q̇uq̇-bí). Although the root is onomatopoeic, the correspondences are basically regular, except for dissimilation *q̇:- > k- in Northern Akhv. (cf. also Akhv. Ratl. korq̇:o; but Tseg. q̇:uq̇:u, Tlan. q̇:urq̇:u), and expressive nasalisation in Cham. (cf. also Gig. q̇:unq̇:u).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *q̇urq̇-ač̣ (~ -o-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: lizard
Khvarshi: q̇urq̇ač (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: q̇urq̇ač̣
Comments: PTsKh *q̇urq̇-ač̣/-ač (with an expressive suffix).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: uIrwaṭi
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: frog
Lak form: uIrwaṭi
Comments: Cf. also Khosr. uIrbaṭi. Lak. > Arch. uIrbǝṭi 'frog'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *q̇araq̇ʷVl
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tortoise
Tabasaran: q̇Iawarq̇Iul (Düb.)
Archi: q̇alaq̇-uIrbǝṭi
Comment: Arch. has a compound, lit. "tortoise-frog". The relationship to this root of a Tsakh. form recorded in Khaidakov 1973 (qIɨrqIɨmɨṭ 'frog') is not quite clear.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: q̇urq̇or
North Caucasian etymology: 1204
Meaning: frog
Khinalug form: q̇urq̇or
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:ʷaq:ʷa (~ *q̇ʷ)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: frog
Adyghe: ħanṭar-q:ʷ
Kabardian: ħandǝr-q:ʷāq:ʷa
Comments: PAK *ħanṭVr-q:ʷáq:ʷa (with reduction of the second part in Ad.). Etymology of the first part of the compound is not quite clear (cf. PAT *ada 'frog' > Abkh. áda-ʁ́, Abaz. ada (?); or Chech. ünṭa- in ünṭa-pħid 'tortoise' (?)).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *xǝʔr-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: frog
Ket: ʌʔl, pl. ʌtn5
Yug: ʌʔl, pl. ʌtn5
Arin: kere (Лоск.)
Comments: ССЕ 295. Werner 2, 415 <*ǝʔʎ / *(k)ǝʎǝ / *(d')ǝʎǝ>; see discussion under *jǝʔra.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *ɣórku-
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: frog
Yasin: ɣórkun
Hunza: ɣúrqun
Nagar: ɣúrquc
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *Herug(ʷ)i
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 salamander 2 scorpion
Bizkaian: (Zornoza) eruge 1, (Lekeitio, Markina) erube 1
Gipuzkoan: arrubi 1, 2, (Andoain) arrobi 2
High Navarrese: (Oyarzun) arrobi 2, (Irun, Ondarrabia) arrobio 1
Low Navarrese: harrobi 2
Lapurdian: harrubi 1, 2, (Ainhoa) harrobi 2
Zuberoan: arrogi 2
Comments: Cf. Bsq *erɫuɫi 'salamander, scorpion', which seems to be partially blended with this word. Some forms appear to have been influenced by *har̄i 'stone': cf. LAB harrobi 'cavern, quarry' < *har̄i + *hobi.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kVLV
Meaning: turtle
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: kVl, kVr
Austroasiatic meaning: turtle
Proto-Austronesian: *ku[L]a' (not in B)
Proto-Thai: ZHU vu.42 kui.42
References: Peiros 1998, 166 compares PAA *rVjh.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-tai,austr-bibl,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: kVl, kVr
Meaning: turtle
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Khmer: sǝŋkɔl
Proto-Vietic: < CHIN
Khasi: dkar tortoise
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-khasi,

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