Indo-European etymology : List with all references

Proto-IE: *sūl-

Nostratic etymology:

Meaning: thick liquid

Old Indian: sū́ra- m. `Soma-juice', súrā f. `spirituous liquor, wine'

Avestan: hura- 'Trank'

Other Iranian: NPers hurā 'Kumys'

Old Greek: hǖ́lǟ `Bodensatz, Schleim, Kott, Schlamm, körperliches Sekret', acc. hǖ́lǟ-n осадок в вине или в воде (tò kathízdon) Phot.

Baltic: *sul-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f.

Germanic: *sul-a- n., *sulw-ō f., *sulw-ō- vb., *saul(i)=, *saul-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: густая жидкость

References: WP II 468

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *sul-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f.

Meaning: juice, whey

Indo-European etymology:

Lithuanian: sulà `Birkenwasser, -saft; fliessender Saft'

Lettish: sula, sule `eine sich absorbernde Flüssigkeit, wie Saft von Bäumen, Birkenwasser'

Old Prussian: sulo `Matte' (= geronnene Milch) V. 693.

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *sula-n, *sulwō, *sulwōn- vb., *saul(i)=, *saulian- vb.

Meaning: spot, mud

IE etymology:

Gothic: *bi-sauljan wk. `spot', *bi-saulnan wk. `become spotted, unclean'

Norwegian: saula, söyla `Schlamm, Pfütze', söyla `beflecken'

Swedish: dial. saula `beschmutzen'

Old English: sol `dirty', sol, -es n., solu, -we/-e f. `miry, miry place'; solian (-ode) `make or bekome foul', { sylian }

East Frisian: Fris soal

Middle Dutch: sol m. `poel, vuil, drek', sole `geul, kuil'

Dutch: sol m. `met water en modder gevulde kuil in het morenelandschap'

Middle Low German: sȫle `Schlamm, Schmutz, Dreck'

Old High German: gi-sol (um 800), sol (9.Jh.) `Kotlache'; bi-sullen (12.Jh.)

Middle High German: sol, söl st. m. 'kotlache'; soln, suln wk. 'mit kot beschmutzen, im köte wälzen'

German: Suhle; suhlen

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1702

Root: seu-1, seʷǝ- : sū-

English meaning: juice; liquid

German meaning: `Saft, Feuchtes'; verbal: `Saft ausdrücken' und `regnen; rinnen', in Weiterbildungen `(Saft) schlürfen, saugen'

Derivatives: su-lā- `Saft'

Material: 1. Gr. ὕει `es regnet', ὕω `lasse regnen' (*sū-i̯ō), ὑετός `starker Regen' (*suu̯-etos, wie νῐφετός); alb. shi `Regen' (*sū-); toch. В swese `Regen', sū-, swās- `regnen'; zu ὕει vielleicht ὕθλος (ὕσθλος, ὕσλος Gramm.) m. `leeres Geschwätz' (gleichsam `eintönig tröpfelnd');

2. Ai. sunṓti `preßt aus, keltert' = av. hunaoiti ds.; ai. sávana-m, savá- m. `Kelterung des Soma', sutá- `gekeltert', sṓma- = av. hauma- m. `Soma'; ahd. sou, ags. séaw `Saft', isl. söggr `feucht' (*sawwia-); air. suth `Saft, Milch' (*sŭ-tu-s); hierher wohl auch die FlN gall. Save, Savara, -ia und (illyr.) Savus (*Sou̯os).

3. seu-d- in ags. be-sūtian `beschmutzen', westfäl. sot `Dreck'; aisl. sut `Sorge', sȳta `trauern'.

4. Gutturalerw.: seuk-, sū̆k- und seug-, sū̆g-:

Lat. sūgō, -ere `saugen'; lat. sūcus `Saft', cymr. sugno, mbret. sunaff, nbret. suna ds., sun `Saft', cymr. sugnedydd `Pumpe' (*seuk-n-; cymr. g aus dem lat. Lw. sug `Saft'), acymr. dissuncgnetic `exanclata' (morphologisch schwierige Gruppe); ags. sūcan, ndl. zuiken `saugen'; ags. socian (*sukōn) `einweichen, aufsaugen', gesoc n. `das Saugen', aisl. sūga (sjūga) `saugen', sog n. `das Saugen', ags. as. ahd. sūgan `saugen', Kaus. norw. dial. søygja, mhd. söugen `säugen', mhd. suc, soc, g. soges und souc, -ges `Saft', ags. sogeða m. `Schluck'; lett. sùkt `saugen'; apr. suge f. `Regen'.

5. l-Formantien: gr. ὕλη `Kot, Schlamm', ὑλίζω `filtere, kläre'; ai. sūra- m. `berauschender Trank'; súrā `Branntwein', av. hurā `Kumys' (wogul. sara, syrj. sur aus dem Iranischen) = lit. lett. sulà `abfließender Baumsaft' (mit ū lett. sūlât `siepen'), apr. sulo `geronnene Milch'; ags. sol n. `Schlamm, Pfütze', ahd. mnd. sol ds., ags. sylian `beschmutzen', as. sulwian, ahd. sullen ds., nhd. sühlen, suhlen `sich im Kot wälzen'; got. bi-sauljan `beflecken', norw. søyla ds.

6. seup-, seub-: ai. sū́pa- m. `Brühe, Suppe'; aisl. sūpa, ags. sūpan, ahd. sūfan `schlürfen, trinken, saufen', sūf `Brühe, Suppe', mhd. suf, sof `Suppe', ags. sype m. `das Einsaugen', aisl.sopi m., ags. sopa `Schluck', vollstufig ahd. souf `Suppe', aisl. saup n. `Buttermilch'; ags. sopp f. `eingetunkte Bissen', mnd. (daraus mhd.) soppe, suppe', ahd. sopha, soffa `Brühe, auch mit eingeweichten Schnitten; Bodensatz'; got. supōn `würzen' = ahd. soffōn ds. (eig. `in Brühe eintunken'); mhd. sūft m., mnd. sucht `Seufzer', ahd. sūft(e)ōn, mhd. siuften, siufzen `seufzen'; aisl. ags. sufl n. `Zukost', as. suval, ahd. suvil(i), -a `sorbiuncula'; mnd. sūvel, ndl. zuivel `der Buttergehalt der Milch';

aksl. sъs-ǫ, -ati, Iter. sysati `saugen' wohl aus *sup-s-.

References: WP. II 468 f., WH. II 622 f., Trautmann 257, 291 f.

Pages: 912-913

PIE database:

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *swVlV

Meaning: wet

Indo-European: *sūl-

Altaic: *ši̯ṑli

Uralic: *sula

Kartvelian: *śwel- (?)

References: МССНЯ 333; ND 2055 *s[ü]wolV 'liquid, moisture'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ši̯ṑlí

Nostratic:

Meaning: juice, fluid

Russian meaning: сок, жидкость

Turkic: *söl

Mongolian: *silö

Tungus-Manchu: *šōla

Japanese: *sìrú

Comments: EAS 155, Ozawa 111, Murayama 1962, 110, Мудрак Дисс. 41. The Turkic vocalism is quite irregular, probably due to contamination with *si̯ūli 'gall, pus' q. v. (a similar merger occurred in PJ).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *söl

Altaic etymology:

Meaning: 1 juice in meat, lymph 2 soup, bouillon

Russian meaning: 1 мясной сок, лимфа 2 суп, бульон

Old Turkic: söl (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: söl (MK) 1

Turkish: söl (dial.) 1

Tatar: sül, sül-gɛn 1

Sary-Yughur: söl 'ram's blood'

Chuvash: šъl (dial.), шыл (XIX c., Bible) 2

Yakut: öl 2

Kirghiz: söl 1

Kazakh: söl 1

Noghai: söl 1

Bashkir: hül 1

Karakalpak: söl 1

Comments: VEWT 430, EDT 824, ЭСТЯ 7.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *silö

Altaic etymology:

Meaning: soup

Russian meaning: суп

Written Mongolian: silü(n) (L 708), šülü

Middle Mongolian: šulen (HY 24, SH), šīlɛ (IM), šilän (MA)

Khalkha: šöl

Buriat: šülen

Kalmuck: šöln, šüln

Ordos: šölö

Dongxian: šulie 'soup; juice'

Baoan: šile 'soup; juice'

Dagur: šil 'soup; juice' (Тод. Даг. 183), šile (MD 216)

Shary-Yoghur: šǝlen

Monguor: šulō (SM 385)

Comments: KW 371, MGCD 723, 728. Mong. > Chag. sölän, silän, Man. sile etc. (see TMN 1, 369-370, Rozycki 181).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šōla

Altaic etymology:

Meaning: 1 soup 2 juice

Russian meaning: 1 суп 2 сок

Literary Manchu: šula 2

Ulcha: čōlo(n) 1

Nanai: čōlõ 1

Udighe: čolo 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 405, 429. Man. čola- / čōla- 'to roast, broil (in a kettle' is most probably a result of interdialectal borrowing. The TM languages reflect also *sile / *silu 'soup' (see ТМС 2, 85, 138) which is a loanword from Mong., see Poppe 1966, 198, Doerfer MT 26.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sìrú

Altaic etymology:

Meaning: juice; soup; pus

Russian meaning: сок; суп; гной

Old Japanese: siru

Middle Japanese: sìrú

Tokyo: shíru

Kyoto: shìrú

Kagoshima: shirú

Comments: JLTT 526.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 925

Proto: *sula

> Nostratic:

English meaning: melted, to melt

German meaning: geschmolzen, aufgetaut; schmelzen, tauen

Finnish: sula 'ungefroren, weich, flüssig; lauter, bloß', sulaa- 'flüssig werden, schmelzen; flüssig machen'

Estonian: sula 'weich, locker; flüssig, fließend, tauend; rein, unvermischt', sula- 'schmelzen, tauen'

Saam (Lapp): (šǫl'gi- (N) 'to melt (tr.) - rejected by Redei)

Mordovian: sola (E M) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', sola- (E M) 'auftauen, schmelzen'

Mari (Cheremis): šǝ̑le- (KB), šule- (U B)

Udmurt (Votyak): si̯l-si̯l 'мягкое состояние предмета (напр. при варке мяса)', (URS) si̮lmi̮- 'развариться (напр/ о картошке), растаять, раствориться'

Komi (Zyrian): si̮l (S), si̮v (P), søl (PO) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', si̮l- (S), si̮v- (P), søl^.- (PO) 'schmelzen, auftauen'

Khanty (Ostyak): lŏlǝ (V), jŏlǝ (Vj.) 'ungefroren', tătǝ (DN) 'aufgetaut, geschmolzen; ungefrorener Boden', lăl (O) 'mit weicher Schneide', lŏla- (V), jŏla- (Vj.), tăt- (DN), lăl- (O) 'schmelzen'

Mansi (Vogul): tal-vōj (LM) 'schmelzendes Fett', tal- (TJ), tālān- (LU) 'schmelzen', tål- (K N), tol- (So.)

Hungarian: olvad- 'schmelzen, tauen (intr.)', olvaszt- 'id. (tr.)'

Sammalahti's version: *sula

Yukaghir parallels: alaa- 'schmelzen (intr.)' [hardly here - SAS]

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *śow-

Nostratic:

Russian meaning: быть мокpым

English meaning: to be wet

Georgian: sov-, ДГ sov-; svel-, ДГ sov-el- 'wet'

Megrel: šǝ-; šo-l- 'to wet'

Laz: šu(v)-, šo-l-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 174 (*śwel-), EWK 318. В МССHЯ 333 *śwel- сравнивается с ПИЕ *sulā 'сок, напиток', алт. *sula 'влажный', урал. *sula- 'таять, талый' (аналогичное картв.-ИЕ сближение в Бомхард 1996, 163); но если *-el - суффикс, вероятнее объединение с *św- 'пить' и сравнение с другим корнем (ПИЕ *seu-, алт. *suwV, см. МССHЯ 341).