Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Dravidian : *ápa-

Meaning : cake (of rice flour; of special interest to children)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ā̆pa-

Proto-Telugu : *appa-

Brahui : appā

Notes : Certain problems are caused by the Tamil-Malayalam forms which feature initial ā-; also unclear is the fact that Old Indian has the word as apūpá-, pūpa- (Turner 491). This does not include the possibility of Proto-Dravidian origin (cf. the Brahui parallel), but if the vowel length in Tamil and the trisyllabic structure of the OI form are related (e. g. āppa- < *apūpa-), this may hint at an obscure borrowing source for both subgroups. // Present in 3/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ā̆pa-

Meaning : cake

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : appam, āppam

Tamil meaning : round cake of rice flour and sugar fried in ghee, thin cake, wafer, bread

Tamil derivates : appacci sweetmeat (nursery)

Malayalam : appam, āppam

Malayalam meaning : fried cake, wafer, bread

Kannada : appa

Kannada meaning : rice cake

Kannada derivates : appacci a cake (term used by children)

Tulu : appa

Tulu meaning : a kind of cake fried or baked

Proto-Nilgiri : *ap

Number in DED : 0155

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ap

Meaning : clay plate with 7 to 9 pits, about 3 inches across, for frying cake called piṭāṛ (made of wheat flour and solution of jaggery, and apparently the Ko. equivalent of Ta. appam)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : ap gal

Number in DED : 155

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *appa-

Meaning : a kind of sweet cake

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : appamu

Additional forms : Also [1] appaci, [2] appacci a cake

Number in DED : 155

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : appā

Meaning : children's food

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 155

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVṗV

Meaning: food, to cook

Indo-European: *eps-

Altaic: *ep`ò

Dravidian: *ap-am

References: ND 63 *ʔäP[h]i 'bake, cook' (w/o Drav), adding also Sem. *ʔpy and dubious Eg. and Chad.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *eps- (Gr h-)

Meaning: to cook

Armenian: ephem `koche'

Old Greek: hépsō, aor. hepsē̂sai̯, pf. hēpsēka `kochen, sieden', ptc. hephthó- `kochen'

Russ. meaning: варить

References: WP I 124

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 495

Root: eph-

English meaning: to cook

German meaning: `kochen'

General comments: Nur Gr. und Arm.

Material: Arm. ep`em `koche';

gr. ἕψω `koche', Fut. ἑψήσω, Partiz. ἑφθός (erweist an sich nicht idg. ph, da auch *ἑπστός zu ἑφθός führen mußte); doch wird ἕψω so-Präs. sein (vgl. δέψω : δέφω) und arm. p` ein idg. ph fortsetzen.

References: WP. I 124, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 326, 706.

Pages: 325

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ep`ò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bread, food

Russian meaning: хлеб, пища

Turkic: *Epej

Mongolian: *aɣag / *haɣag

Tungus-Manchu: *epe

Korean: *páp

Japanese: *ǝpǝ-mǝnǝ

Comments: The Kor. form (perhaps also the Dagur form with x-) reflect an expressive reduplication.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Epej

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: baked bread

Russian meaning: печеный хлеб

Tatar: ipi

Bashkir: äpäj

Comments: Forms like epmek may belong here but contaminated with *etmek (v. sub *ite).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *aɣag / *haɣag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bran

Russian meaning: отруби

Written Mongolian: aɣaɣ (L 12: aɣa)

Khalkha: āga

Buriat: āgaha(n), āha(n) 'oatmeal'

Ordos: āG

Dagur: āhe (MD), āga, xāg (MGCD 90, Kuribayashi 175)

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *epe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: baked bread, cake

Russian meaning: печеный хлеб, пирог

Evenki: ewedi

Spoken Manchu: efǝn 'Manchu bread' (364)

Literary Manchu: efen

Ulcha: epe(n)

Nanai: epẽ

Solon: ouo ~ uɣon ~ eweń

Comments: ТМС 2, 436.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *páp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: food

Russian meaning: пища

Modern Korean: pap

Middle Korean: páp

Comments: Liu 370, KED 734.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ǝpǝ-mǝnǝ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: food

Russian meaning: пища, еда

Old Japanese: op(w)omono

Comments: JLTT 509. The analysis of the word as "big thing" is obviously a folk etymology: cf. the same root also in a verbal derivative OJ op(w)o-k- 'to eat greedily'.