Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔǝqa- ( ~ -χ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be visible

Ket: ʌʁ(a)-

Yug: ʌ́χa-

Comments: Werner 2, 409 (w.r.). Cf. also *ʔǝqa-tkV- 'to show' (Ket ʌ́tkij / ʌ́tqij, Yug ʌ́χatkej / ʌ́χatkij, see Werner 2, 413-414).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wĕmq̇V́ ( ~ -xq̇-)

Meaning: eye; witness

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *wĭmq̇V

Sino-Tibetan: *mjV̆k

Yenisseian: *ʔǝqa- ( ~ -χ-)

Burushaski: *-moq-

Basque: *moko

Comments and references : BCD 39.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wĭmq̇V

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: witness; true

Proto-Nakh: *baq̇

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *muq̇V ( > *nuq̇V)

Proto-Lak: bara

Proto-Dargwa: *biq̇-ri

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *baq̇

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 true (adv.) 2 truth, rule

Chechen: baq̇ 1

Ingush: boq̇o 2

Batsbi: baq̇eʔ 2

Comments: In Chech. cf. also baq̇ō ( = Ing. boq̇o, Bacb. baq̇eʔ) 'rule, right, truth'.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *muq̇V ( > *nuq̇V)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: witness

Avar: nuʕ

Comments: Av. paradigm B (plur. nuʕ-zál / nuʕ-záb).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: bara

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: witness

Lak form: bara

Comments: The Lak. form goes back to *baq̇ara (cf. PD *biq̇-ri), as clearly seen from the old Arch. loanword baq̇ǝrǝ-nnu 'witness'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *biq̇-ri

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: witness

Akusha: biq̇ri

Comments: Cf. also Ur. biq̇ri, Kub. biq̇e id.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mjV̆k

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: eye

Chinese: 目 *muk eye.

Tibetan: mig eye, dmig hole.

Burmese: mjak eye, LB *mjak.

Kachin: mjiʔ² eye.

Lushai: mit, KC *mik the eye.

Lepcha: mik, a-mik the eye; mark, letter; eye-sight

Kiranti: *mìk

Comments: PG *mìC; Miri ǝmik; BG: Garo mik-ron, Dimasa mu, Bodo megón eye; Rawang mɛ ~ nɛ, Trung mĕʔ¹; Kham mì; Rgyarung tĕmńăk; Kanauri migʔ eye of needle;; Moshang mak; Namsangia mit; Limbu mik, Vayu mek, Bahing mi-tśi,; Dhimal mi. Simon 10; Sh. 39, 124; Ben. 4, 409, 430; Mat. 199. Cf. also Tib. (d)mjug to show.

Chinese characters :

Character: 目

Modern (Beijing) reading: mù

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhuk

Classic Old Chinese: mhuk

Western Han Chinese: mhǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: mhǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhuk

Middle Chinese: mük

English meaning : eye, eyesight

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глаза; зрение; видеть своими глазами; смотреть; уставиться; 2) именовать, обозначать; указатель, каталог, индекс; подзаголовок; тема; 3) комментарий

Comments: For *mh cf. Meixian muk⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 109

Four-angle index: 1667

Karlgren code: 1036 a-c

Vietnamese reading: mục

Shijing occurrences: 57.3

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 203

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 目

MC description : 通合三入屋明

ZIHUI: 4158 0761

Beijing: mu 3

Jinan: mu 3

Xi'an: mu 11

Taiyuan: mǝʔ 41

Hankou: moŋ 3

Chengdu: mu 12

Yangzhou: mɔʔ 4

Suzhou: moʔ 42

Wenzhou: mo 42

Changsha: mo 4

Shuangfeng: mû 12

Nanchang: muk 41

Meixian: muk 41

Guangzhou: muk 42

Xiamen: bɔk 42 (lit.); bak 42

Chaozhou: mak 42

Fuzhou: muʔ 42

Shanghai: moʔ 42

Zhongyuan yinyun: mu 43

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *mìk, *mìk-c₁ǝ̀

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: eye

Sunwar: mīkci

Tulung: miksi

Kaling: mas (cf. also 'mikmö 'tear')

Limbu: mik

Dumi: miksi

Kulung: muksi (cf. also mikwa 'tear')

Yamphu: mik

Comments: Toba 89 *miksi.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: mik

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: eye

Comments: cf. -mik ya:maʔ.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: miksi

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: 1) eye 2) seed, pit, grain, corn

Nepali: 1) āʔkhā

Derivation: [also attested in Sasarkā ]

Comments: 2) Nep. dānā.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: muksi

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: eye, sepal of a flower

Nepali: āṃkhā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: mik

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: eye.

Nepali: ākha

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-moq-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 face 2 cheek

Yasin: -móqiṣ 1, -móqot 2

Hunza: -móqiṣ 2

Nagar: -móqiṣ 2

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *moko

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 beak 2 extremity, point 3 face, façade 4 face-to-face

Gipuzkoan: moko 1, 2

Low Navarrese: mokho 1, 2, 3

Salazarese: moko 2

Lapurdian: mokho 1, 2, 3, mokhoz mokho 4

Baztanese: moko 1, 2

Zuberoan: mokho 1

Comments: Cf. Burushaski *moq- 'face, cheek'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : WVMKV

Meaning : face, eye

Sino-Caucasian : *wĭm(x)q̇V eye, face; witness

Notes : So far isolated in SC.

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