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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *qV[G]i-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Ket: tōjiŋ1, South. tɔʁaiŋ5
Yug: tɔxɔ́iŋ / tɔxáiŋ; xo- in xobaŋ1, pl. -ɨn1 'dry place' > 'shallow place'
Kottish: xújga (М., Сл., Кл.); Ass. xújga (М., Сл., Кл.), huj-tu (Кл.)
Arin: qoija (М., Сл., Кл.)
Pumpokol: ič-kój-ŋa (Сл.) "сухой"
Comments: ССЕ 265. The Ket-Yug form contains a prefixed element tɔ-. Werner 2, 283 <*qoj / *qojiŋ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xGéxGV
Meaning: dry
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *G_wiG_wĂr
Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)jāk
Yenisseian: *qV[ʔG]i-
Burushaski: *qaq-
Comments and references : Perhaps just a reduplication of *=ixGĂr q.v. In PY cf. also *qɔqante `hunger' - probably the same root, cf. a similar polysemy in Bur.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=iG_wĂr
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry, to dry
Proto-Nakh: *=aq̇-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iq̇:ʷV-
Proto-Tsezian: *qoqV- A
Proto-Lak: q̇a-q̇-
Proto-Dargwa: *=erʁʷV-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiq̇:ʷar-
Proto-Khinalug: q̇i
Proto-West Caucasian: *ʁʷV
Notes: A very stable common NC root; reflected in most languages as both a verbal and adjectival stem. Cf. also the nominal derivate *r-iG_wV / *G_wVrV 'draught' (PD *deʁʷ > Ak. deʁ, Chir. deʁʷ, Ur. diw, PTs > Gunz. (Nakh.) qor). Note a frequent use of the reduplicated stem *G_wiGwVr- (in PA, PC, Lak.). See Абдоков 1983, 144-145.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *=aq̇-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Chechen: =eq̇a
Ingush: =eq̇a
Batsbi: =aq̇ĩ
Comments: PN *=aq̇-i(n) "dry" is derived from the verbal base *=aq̇- "to dry, to get dry" (cf. Chech. =aq̇-ō tr., =aq̇a-dala intr., Bacb. =aq̇-dar tr.).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=iq̇:ʷV-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Avar: =aq̇:ʷarab
Chadakolob: =uq̇ara-b
Andian language: =eq̇:u-b
Akhvakh: =uq̇:ada
Chamalal: =eq̇:u-b
Tindi: =eq̇:u-b
Karata: =eq̇:u-b
Godoberi: =eq̇:uq̇:i-b
Comments: The word for 'dry' is a participle of the verbal root *=iq̇:ʷV- "to dry (up)", cf. Av. =aq̇:ʷá-, Akhv. =uq̇:o-, Kar. =eq̇:ʷa-, Botl. =eq̇:ʷ-, Tind. =eq̇:ʷ-, =eq̇:uq̇:-, God. =eq̇:uq̇:-, Cham. =eq̇:uq̇:- (the last three forms are reduplicated).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *qoqV- A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Tsezi: quqqǟsi
Ginukh: quqes
Khvarshi: quqqa (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: quqqu
Bezhta: qoqoro
Gunzib: qoqoru
Comments: The word is actually a gerund of the verb *qoqV- A 'to dry up, get dry', cf.Tsez. quqa id. PTsKh *quqV-, PGB *qoqo-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: q̇a-q̇-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Lak form: q̇a-q̇-s:a
Comments: Cf. the verbal stem q̇a-q̇a- (p.pr. q̇a-q̇u-) 'to get dry'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=erʁʷV-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Akusha: =erub-si
Chiragh: =erʁub-ze
Comments: Cf. also Kharb., Tsud. =erʁub-se. This adjective is derived from the verb *=erʁʷ- 'to dry' (Ak. =ur-es, Ur. =irʔʷ-/=urʔʷ-, Chir. -erʁ-/-urʁʷ-).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiq̇:ʷar-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry
Lezghian: q̇uraj
Tabasaran: q:uru
Agul: ruq:uf
Rutul: q:urud
Tsakhur: q:urna
Budukh: q:uru
Archi: q̇ure
Udi: q:ari
Comment: All forms are in fact verbal adjectives. The verbal forms are widely preserved: Lezg. q̇ura-z (praet. q̇ura-na) 'to dry', Tab. u-r-q:u-z 'to get stale', Ag. ruq:ʷa-s (Bursh. urq:ʷa-s) 'to dry', Arch. q̇ura-s (imper. q̇uraq̇:a)/ q̇ʷa-s id. The Rut. and Bud. form may have been influenced by Turkic (cf. Azerb. Guru 'dry'), but there is no doubt in the authenticity of this root in PL.

    Cf. Бокарев 1961, 64; Гигинейшвили 1977, 108.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: q̇i
North Caucasian etymology: 29
Meaning: dry, to dry (out)
Khinalug form: q̇i
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ʁʷV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to dry out, get dry
Abkhaz: a-ʕʷa-rá
Abaza: ʕʷa-ra
Adyghe: ʁʷǝ-n
Kabardian: ʁʷǝ-n
Ubykh: ʁǝ-
Comments: PAT *ʕʷa-, PAK *ʁʷǝ-. Not quite clear is the loss of labialization in Ub. The root serves also as a basis for the adjective 'dry' in all languages: Abkh. a-ʕʷá, Abaz. jǝ-r-ʕʷu, Ad. ʁʷǝ-ʁa, Kab. ʁʷǝ-r, Ub. ʁ-q̇a.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *g(h)jāk
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: dry; coated, caked
Chinese: *g_āk to become dry.
Tibetan: khjag(s) frozen, ice.
Lushai: khāk be caked, coated; be hard or caked together (as earth).
Lepcha: kak 1 to be costive, to be bound (bowels) 2 to be overcooked
Comments: Cf. Limbu khākmaʔ 'harden, solidify'. Cf. Karen *khVʔ, Dhimal tir-ka, Nocte a-ki, Haka kik 'cold'; Miji mǝkhyaŋ, Lhota ekhyaŋ, Manipuri akaŋ-ba 'dry'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: hé
Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)āk
Classic Old Chinese: g(h)āk
Western Han Chinese: gāk (~ ɣ-)
Eastern Han Chinese: gāk (~ ɣ-)
Early Postclassic Chinese: gāk (~ ɣ-)
Middle Postclassic Chinese: gāk (~ ɣ-)
Late Postclassic Chinese: gāk (~ ɣ-)
Middle Chinese: ɣâk
English meaning : to become dry
Russian meaning[s]: 1) высыхать; высохший; пересыхать, иссякать; 2) обеднеть, оскудеть
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 85
Four-angle index: 1841
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *qaq-
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: 1 dry 2 hungry
Yasin: qaq- 1, 2
Hunza: qaq 2
Nagar: qaq 2
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVKV
Meaning : dry
Eurasiatic : *k`Vk`V
Afroasiatic : Cush. *gag- dry
Sino-Caucasian : *xGéxGV
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *k`Vk`V
Meaning: dry
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *k`i̯ăk`e ( ~ -k-, -a)
Uralic: *koksV
Comments: Cf. Aleut *qaka- 'dry'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-notes,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ăk`e ( ~ -k-, -a)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: dry
Russian meaning: сухой
Turkic: *KAk
Mongolian: *kagda-
Tungus-Manchu: *(x)igǯa-
Comments: A Western isogloss. See KW 160, 176, Poppe 17, 58; TMN 3, 394 ("weder beweisbar noch widerlegbar"). Mong. is not from Turkic, despite Щербак 1997, 134.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *KAk
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: dry
Russian meaning: сухой
Karakhanid: qaq (MK)
Turkish: dial. kak, kah
Tatar: qaq
Middle Turkic: qaq (Sangl., Abush.)
Uzbek: qɔq
Uighur: qaq
Azerbaidzhan: Gax
Turkmen: qaq
Oyrat: qaq
Kirghiz: qaq
Kazakh: qaq
Noghai: qaq
Bashkir: qaq
Karakalpak: qaq
Kumyk: qaq
Comments: VEWT 223, ЭСТЯ 5, 218-220, EDT 608.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kag-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to become hard, dry 2 last year's grass
Russian meaning: 1 засыхать, затвердевать 2 прошлогодняя трава
Written Mongolian: qaɣda 2 (L 908)
Khalkha: xagd 2, xagsa- 1
Buriat: xagda(n) 2, xagsa 1
Kalmuck: xaɣsǝ- 1, xaɣdǝ 2 (КРС)
Monguor: xadarā- 'être en lambeaux, être usé' (SM 147), xaʒā- 'être ou devenir sec, se dessécher' (SM 148)
Comments: Mong. > Man. xakda, xaksa- etc., see Doerfer MT 116, Rozycki 99; > Yak. xagdarɨj-, Dolg. kagdarɨj- 'to become yellow (of leaves)' (Stachowski 132).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)igǯa-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 yellow 2 grey
Russian meaning: 1 желтый 2 серый
Evenki: igǯa-ma, -rin 1
Even: ịɣǯaqa 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 297.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1342
Proto: *koksV
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: dry
German meaning: trocken, dürr
Mari (Cheremis): kukšǝ̑ (KB), kukšo (U B) 'trocken'
Udmurt (Votyak): ke̮s (S), kȯs (K), ke̮s (G) 'trocken, dürr; Fasten'
Komi (Zyrian): kos (S), ko̯s (SO), ke̮s (P), ku̇s (PO) 'trocken'
Sammalahti's version: *koksV
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,

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